Seasonal Variation In Occurrence Research Articles

Analytical Study of a Case Series Of Vancomycin Associated Adverse Drug Reactions In Paediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Brief Report

Background: Red man syndrome (RMS) is frequently reported from pediatric ward in patients receiving vancomycin, at the medical store of SGH, Pune. Though common in pediatric patients, not all patients receiving vancomycin developed Red man syndrome. Hence, this study was done to analyse the demographic, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of the subject who experience adverse drug reactions with vancomycin and to determine if this predisposition is associated with any of these factors.
 Methods: All adverse drug reactions (ADR) to injection vancomycin in the pediatric ward that were reported from April 2018 - January 2022 were included. Controls were a similar number of randomly selected pediatric cases from the same ward who had received Intravenous vancomycin during the same period but did not experience the adverse drug reactions
 Results: The mean age was 29.91 ± 34.87 months in subjects who experienced ADR and 57.37 ± 41.58 months, in non-ADR group (p=0.0286). 37.4% were infants, 29.69% toddlers in ADR Group. Seventy four percent of patients who manifested with ADR were below age of 3 compared to barely 38% in controls (p=0.03). 66.6% were malnourished in the ADR group compared to 27.6% in controls (p=0.007). There was no association between the ADR and ethnicity, religion, gender, diagnosis, co-morbidities, co-administered drugs, or administered dose of vancomycin among the children. There was no apparent seasonal variation in occurrence of the ADR.
 Conclusion: RMS is more common in paediatric population than adults and is usually uneventful. Around 75% of the reactions occur within first 4 days of start of Vancomycin and usually occurs within 30 min of the preceding dose. Younger age groups (infants) and malnourishment were the two factors significantly associated with occurrence of RMS. We may also consider using lower than conventional doses and much slower infusions in such at-risk population.

Seasonal variation of orofacial clefting in the United States

Seasonal variation in occurrence of fetal anomalies may provide clues as to etiologic factors. Published literature has inconsistently reported an association of orofacial clefting with season of birth in international cohorts, and there is limited national data assessing this relationship. We sought to assess the association of seasonality with orofacial clefting in the setting of other potential etiologic factors in a large US sample.

Epidemiological characteristics of Lassa fever cases in Liberia: a retrospective analysis of surveillance data, 2019–2020

ObjectivesLiberia is endemic to Lassa fever (LF) and has the largest reported per capita incidence of LF patients in the West African region. Cases of the disease increased unprecedentedly in 2019 and 2020, characterized by a geographical drift in epidemiology and seasonal variation of occurrence. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of LF in Liberia from 2019 to 2020. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on cases of LF confirmed at the National Public Health Reference Laboratory from January 2019 to December 2020. Medical records were reviewed, and epidemiological and clinical data were collected in an organized manner. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out using Epi Info (version 7.2.5.0). ResultsA total of 382 suspected LF cases were reported, of which 103 were laboratory-confirmed, yielding a case positivity rate of 27% (103/382). The median age of the LF cases was 20 (IQR: 9–30). Children younger than 18 years accounted for 40.8% (42/103) of the cases and healthcare workers’ cases constituted 7.7% of the cases. Bong, Nimba, and Grand Bass accounted for 87.4% of the cases with cases in new counties like Lofa, Margibi, and Grand Kru. Hemorrhage (aOR:10.2; 95% CI: 3.11–33.81), patients who did not receive ribavirin (aOR: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.12–17.57, P = 0.034), and patients aged 40 years or older (aOR: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.19–32.53, P = 0.049) were associated with LF mortality. ConclusionThe LF cases in 2019 and 2020 had a high case fatality rate and spread to new counties that had not previously reported LF. The disease occurred during most of the rainy season instead of the usual dry season. There is an urgent need to lower morbidity and mortality, improve early presentation to the hospital, and early initiation of appropriate medical care.

Shifting phenology of an endangered apex predator mirrors changes in its favored prey

The timing, or phenology, of predator activity in relation to their prey is critical for survival and fitness, yet rarely quantified for marine species, even those of conservation concern. We use a large database of professional and crowd-sourced observations analyzed with hierarchical spline occupancy models to quantify seasonal variation in occurrence of an endangered apex predator, the southern resident killer whale (SRKW)Orcinus orca, in inland waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We find that timing of SRKW occurrence has shifted in their summer core habitat within the central Salish Sea: the day of year of peak occurrence probability shifted later at rates of 1-5 d yr-1over 2001-2017 (resulting in shifts of 17-85 d across this 17 yr time period). These shifts are consistent with shifts in their preferred prey, Fraser River Chinook salmonOncorhynchus tshawytscha, as the relative number of fish returning to spawn in the spring has declined compared to numbers returning in summer and fall. The shift in timing of fall/winter SRKW occurrence outside the summer core habitat, however, is not consistent with shifts in other prey populations (Chinook, cohoOncorhynchus kisutch, chumOncorhynchus ketasalmon) returning to nearby rivers. Our findings demonstrate the complexity of consumer phenological responses and highlight gaps in our understanding of links between management actions that affect resource phenology and consequences for organisms relying on those resources.

Seasonal variation of Leptospira species in pond and paddy field water samples in Thrissur district

Leptospirosis is an acute anthropozoonotic infection occurring worldwide caused by a pathogenic spirochete belonging to the genus Leptospira. The highest occurrence of leptospirosis in tropical countries is directly related to heavy rainfall and flooding. The changing rainfall pattern in the Western Ghats with rainless days during the monsoon months is reportedly affecting normal climatic condition of Kerala. Leptospires are able to survive in an environment with high humidity and moderate temperature.. The present study was undertaken to study the seasonal variation in occurrence of Leptospira spp. in pond and paddy field water in Thrissur district of Kerala. The samples were collected in two seasons i.e. monsoon (June to September) (Season-1) and summer (February to May) (Season-2) for the identification of Leptospira spp. The water samples were subjected to PCR for identification of the organism. The temperature and pH of water samples were recorded at the time of collection. The different physicochemical parameters of water in these two sources were in the range of pH (6.5- 7.9), conductivity (85- 150 µs/cm), salinity (0.02- 0.12 psu), turbidity (5-50NTU), dissolved oxygen (6-8 mg/L). Out of the 80 samples analysed, 52 (23 from monsoon and 29 from summer) samples detected 16Sr RNA at 430 bp and hence was positive for Leptospira species. The pathogenicity of the positive isolates were analysed by detecting the virulence gene viz., lipl 32, lipl 21 and lipl 41 respectively. The results revealed that out of the total isolates of Leptospira, 23 and 21 isolates were positive for lipl 21 and lipl 41 in monsoon and summer seasons respectively. Out of the total 85 paddy field water samples collected, 17 samples were found to be positive for Leptospira spp. The virulence gene lipl 21 was detected in three samples in summer season. However, lipl 32 and lipl 41 genes were not detected in any of the samples. The results of the present study demonstrated the ubiquitous nature of the organism in environment in the both seasons. The contaminated environment can hence be one of the sources for the increase in the frequency of human and animal leptospirosis in Kerala. Keywords: Leptospira spp., Leptospirosis, Paddy field water quality, lipl 32, lipl 21 and lipl 41

The latitude hypothesis, vitamin D, and SARS-Co-V2

The Latitude Hypothesis may explain seasonal variation in occurrence of flu and influenza-like illness, including SARS-CoV-2. We focus on one variable, vitamin D adequacy in the general population, and consider statistics of two sub-populations to propose a possible treatment to improve outcomes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

A study of the effects of westerly wind bursts on ENSO based on CESM

Numerous works have indicated that westerly wind bursts (WWBs) have a significant contribution to the development of El Niño events. However, the simulation of WWBs commonly suffers from large biases in the current generation of coupled general circulation models (CGCMs), limiting our ability to predict El Niño events. In this study, we introduce a WWBs parameterization scheme into the global coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) to improve the representation of WWBs and to study the impacts of WWBs on El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) characteristics. It is found that CESM with the WWBs parameterization scheme can generate more realistic characteristics of WWBs, in particular their location and seasonal variation of occurrence. With the parameterized WWBs, the skewness of the Niño 3 index is increased, in better agreement with observation. Eastern Pacific El Niño and central Pacific El Niño events could be successfully reproduced in the model run with WWBs parameterization. Further diagnoses show that the enhanced horizontal advection in the central Pacific and vertical advection in the eastern Pacific, both of which are triggered by WWBs, are crucial factors responsible for the improvements in ENSO simulation. Clearly, WWBs have important effects on ENSO asymmetry and ENSO diversity.

Seasonal Variation in Acute Cholecystitis: An Analysis of Cholecystectomies Spanning Three Decades

BackgroundSeasonal variation in the occurrence of medical illnesses reflects the effect of the environment, provides insight into pathogenesis, and can assist health care administrators in allocating resources accordingly. Seasonal variation has been reported in various infectious and surgical diseases, but has been rarely studied in acute cholecystitis. Our objective was to study seasonal variation in acute cholecystitis at our institution. MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis from January 1988 to December 2018. Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to analyze seasonality of acute cholecystitis adjusting for variation in number of days between seasons. The number of days for seasons were taken as 92, 92, 91, and 90.25 for spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. ResultsOverall, 3924 patients underwent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis during the study period. The frequency of cholecystectomies performed varied between months (minimum February n = 259, maximum July n = 372, P < 0.001) and seasons (minimum winter n = 789, maximum summer n = 1101 P < 0.001). Age and gender distribution across months and seasons was similar (P > 0.05). ConclusionsOur findings confirm seasonal variation in occurrence of acute cholecystitis with summer season witnessing the most and the winter season encountering the least patients with acute cholecystitis. Validation of our findings through prospectively collected data at national level is the way forward.

Lack of seasonality in occurrence of pericarditis, myocarditis, and endocarditis

PurposeThe etiology of pericarditis, myocarditis, and endocarditis is predominantly infectious, and infections often show seasonal variation. Little is known, however, about seasonal patterns in these cardiopathies. MethodsUsing Danish health care registries, we identified all patients with a first-time hospital-based diagnosis of pericarditis, myocarditis, or endocarditis between 1994 and 2016. We estimated peak-to-trough ratios from fitted sine curves to measure the intensity of seasonal variation in occurrence during the study period. Because randomness will lead to small apparent seasonal patterns, we also conducted a plasmode simulation to assess the degree of seasonality that randomness would produce. ResultsCrude peak-to-trough ratios of monthly frequencies summarized over a year were small. We estimated a peak-to-trough ratio of 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.14) for pericarditis, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02–1.21) for myocarditis, and 1.01 (95% CI, 1.00–1.07) for endocarditis. The simulated mean peak-to-trough ratios found after randomly reassigning the monthly frequencies within each year were 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00–1.09) for pericarditis, 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00–1.13) for myocarditis, and 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00–1.10), for endocarditis. ConclusionThe data indicate no important seasonal variation in the occurrence of pericarditis, myocarditis, and endocarditis in Denmark between 1994 and 2016.

Seasonal variation in occurrence of the sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianus, in two inshore habitats of southern New Zealand

ABSTRACTDespite being a large, relatively abundant predator, the distribution and seasonal occurrence of the broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianus, in New Zealand is poorly understood. During 71 sampling trips conducted from July 2013 to May 2015, sharks were attracted to coastal sampling sites in southern New Zealand at Ōtākou/Otago Harbour and Te Whaka ā Te Wera/Paterson Inlet, Stewart Island, using chum. Using a logistic regression model, water temperature was identified as a key predictor of encountering sevengill sharks. In addition, location, cloud cover and sea state were also identified as influential predictors. At Ōtākou, a clear seasonal pattern of sevengill shark sightings emerged. Sharks were detected on 86% of survey trips in summer, whilst no sharks were detected in winter or spring. At Te Whaka ā Te Wera, sharks were sighted throughout all seasons, but a decline in shark encounters occurred during winter. This study represents the first systematic data on seasonal habitat use by sevengill sharks in New Zealand.

Seasonal variation in occurrence of oxalate nephrosis in South Australian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Many koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, are affected by oxalate nephrosis, in which renal calcium oxalate deposition occurs. In other species, suboptimal water intake increases the risk of urinary calcium oxalate crystal formation. Koalas principally rely on eucalypt leaf moisture content to maintain hydration but the Mount Lofty Ranges region has hot, dry summers. This study investigates the association between temperature, rainfall and eucalypt leaf moisture and the occurrence of oxalate nephrosis in this population of koalas. Koalas from the Mount Lofty Ranges population that had died or were euthanased between 2008 and 2016 were necropsied and oxalate nephrosis was determined by histopathology (n=50). Leaf moisture content of Mount Lofty eucalypts was determined seasonally. It was found that increased numbers of koalas with oxalate nephrosis died in the months following high mean maximal temperature and in the months following low rainfall. Eucalypt leaf moisture content was not significantly associated with koala deaths. These findings suggest that hot and dry summer/autumn periods contribute to an increased incidence of koala deaths due to oxalate nephrosis. This is probably due to the effects of evaporative water loss and/or lack of access to supplementary drinking water at this time.

Prevalence and haemato-biochemical changes of tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases in crossbred cattle of Haryana, India

Theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis are the important tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDs) of ruminants, mostly prevalent in the tropics and subtropics, pose a substantial economic losses to dairy industry particularly in developing countries. Here we have discussed the prevalence and haemato-biochemical changes of these TBHDs in eastern Haryana, India. The prevalence of TBHDs in crossbred cattle was studied by screening 10,776 clinically suspected blood samples during the period of July 2010 to June 2015. Among the screened samples, 4,454 animals (41.33%) were found to be TBHDs-positive. Out of 4,454 positive cases, Theileria annulata, Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale and mixed infections were reported to be 80.62% (n=3591), 11.52% (n=513), 4.06% (n=180), and 3.82% (n=170), respectively. T. annulata was more prevalent during rainy season (37.26%) followed by summer (32.49%) and winter (26.37%); whereas B. bigemina and A. marginale were more prevalent in summer (6.26% and 1.94%, respectively) followed by winter (4.79% and 1.86%, respectively) and rainy season (3.14% and 1.28%, respectively). Significant decrease of values like Hb, TEC, PCV in TBHDs observed in infected animals compared to healthy control groups, indicated haemolytic anaemia. Hypoglycemia was also observed in the infected group. High activity of ALT and AST was noted among the animals of infected group and may be associated with hepatic injury or due to muscle trauma caused by prolong clinical recumbency. Year-wise an increasing trend of prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases and the presence of seasonal variation in occurrence of T. annulata and B. bigemina infection was observed in the present study. T. annulata was found to be the most prevalent and endemic haemoparasites in this region. Findings of the present study have profound clinical significance towards controlling tick-borne diseases as well as improving animal health and productivity.

Seasonal variation in occurrence of ischemic colitis: a retrospective study.

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of ischemic colitis (IC) and to investigate the occurrence of seasonal variation.MethodsFrom January 2008 to December 2014, 368 had IC as the reason for their admission. A total of 364 patients were enrolled in this study. We investigated patient characteristics and seasonal variations in incidence.ResultsThe mean age (±standard deviation) of patients with IC at diagnosis was 66.8 (±16.9) years. Most patients had abdominal pain (341 cases), hematochezia (337 cases), and diarrhea (199 cases) as their chief complaints. The clinical courses of the disease were classified as transient (294 cases), stricture (17 cases), gangrenous (2 cases), and indeterminate types (51 cases). Although IC tended to occur less frequently in winter, the seasonal difference was not significant.ConclusionThere is currently no evidence for seasonal variation in hospital admissions for IC.

Effect of construction-related activities and vessel traffic on marine mammals

During the construction of a gas pipeline from an offshore gas field in northwest Ireland, a year-round shore-based marine mammal monitoring programme was undertaken. Using 6 yr of data, generalised estimating equations-generalised additive models (GEE-GAMs) were used to investigate if construction-related activity and vessel traffic influenced the occurrence of common dolphin, minke whale, harbour porpoise and grey seal within the area where the pipeline made landfall. Construction-related activity reduced harbour porpoise and minke whale presence, whilst an increase in vessel numbers (independent of construction-related activity) reduced common dolphin presence. All species showed some degree of annual and seasonal variation in occurrence. For common dolphins and harbour porpoises, we found similar seasonal patterns to those reported in broader Irish waters, which tentatively suggests that seasonal patterns persisted irrespective of construction-related activity or vessel traffic, indicating that any impact might have been only short-term. Multiple construction-related activities occurred simultaneously in different areas, and the inter-annual variation may, in part, be an indication of variation in species’ re sponse to particular activities, their intensity and their location. However, the precise location of the activities was not regularly recorded, limiting our ability to investigate the fine-scale spatio−temporal impact of the diverse range of construction-related activities. Improved communication and coordination between developers, regulators and scientists will help ensure that monitoring programmes are effective and efficient, to better inform our understanding of potential impacts and to mitigate effectively against them for future developments.

Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Surface Water and Sediment in Pearl River Delta.

A field study in the Pearl River Delta of China was conducted in order to describe to the spatial and seasonal variation of occurrence and concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in surface water and sediments. Petroleum hydrocarbons and isoprenoid alkanes were quantified by UV spectroscopy and gas chromatography with a mass selective detector. The concentrations of TPH ranged from 4.3 to 68.7 µg L(-1) in surface water, and from 66.6 to 1445 µg g(-1) in surface sediments. The ratios of pristine to phytane suggested that the main sources of TPH in the sediment were petroleum importation. The highest concentrations of TPH were present in the spring season. When compared with results from previous studies, it can be concluded that the Pearl River Delta was moderately polluted by TPH. No statistically significant correlations were observed between the concentrations of TPH in surface water and sediments.

Seasonal Variation in Occurrence of Heavy Metals in&lt;i&gt; Perna Viridis&lt;/i&gt; from Manora Channel of Karachi, Arabian Sea

Seasonal sampling of the edible green mussel Perna viridis of two different sizes 6-8cm (n=100) and 4-6cm (n=100) from Manora channel of Karachi, were analyzed for their total Hg, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Fe, Cr, Cd and Mn concentration. There are large seasonal variations in the metal concentrations found in green mussel Perna viridis . The high accumulations of metals were found mostly in small size 4-6 cm mussels as compare to largeones. The present study has confirmed thatgreen mussels have greater capacity for accumulation ofmetals.All the studied metal levels found in green mussels collected in 2012 were higher than those detected in mussels collected in 1993, irrespective of mussel body size. The concentrations of Fe was highest compared to other heavy metals. The results of heavy metals are in the following descending order of concentration: Fe>Pb> Zn>Cu>Mn> Ni> Cr> Cd> Co> Hg. It is supposed that in Manora channel water, high input of metals and other inorganic and organic substances are coming in the form of industrial and domestic wastes and need to be monitored on a regular basis.

Seasonal Variations in Ixodid Tick Populations on a Commercial Game Farm in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Despite the large number of surveys of ticks that have been carried out, there are almost no recent records of ixodid ticks from the Waterberg area, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Free-living ticks on a commercial game farm in the Thabazimbi District, Limpopo Province, South Africa, were captured via 432 drags in eight sample sites from September 2003 to August 2008. The seasonal variations in occurrence of the ticks and details of their populations on a game farm, are described. Eight tick species have been collected, viz. Amblyomma hebraeum, Haemaphysalis elliptica, Hyalomma rufipes, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evert si, Rhipicephalus zambeziensis and Rhipicephalus sp. The most abundant was the blue tick Rh. (B.) decoloratus. The data on the seasonal variations in tick numbers on the game farm can be used to determine the optimal time for applying tick control.

Interhemispheric comparison of GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes during the magnetic-cloud-induced geomagnetic storm of 5–7 April 2010

Abstract. Arrays of GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitors (GISTMs) are used in a comparative scintillation study focusing on quasi-conjugate pairs of GPS receivers in the Arctic and Antarctic. Intense GPS phase scintillation and rapid variations in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) that can result in cycle slips were observed at high latitudes with dual-frequency GPS receivers during the first significant geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24 on 5–7 April 2010. The impact of a bipolar magnetic cloud of north-south (NS) type embedded in high speed solar wind from a coronal hole caused a geomagnetic storm with maximum 3-hourly Kp = 8- and hourly ring current Dst = −73 nT. The interhemispheric comparison of phase scintillation reveals similarities but also asymmetries of the ionospheric response in the northern and southern auroral zones, cusps and polar caps. In the nightside auroral oval and in the cusp/cleft sectors the phase scintillation was observed in both hemispheres at about the same times and was correlated with geomagnetic activity. The scintillation level was very similar in approximately conjugate locations in Qiqiktarjuaq (75.4° N; 23.4° E CGM lat. and lon.) and South Pole (74.1° S; 18.9° E), in Longyearbyen (75.3° N; 111.2° E) and Zhongshan (74.7° S; 96.7° E), while it was significantly higher in Cambridge Bay (77.0° N; 310.1° E) than at Mario Zucchelli (80.0° S; 307.7° E). In the polar cap, when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was strongly northward, the ionization due to energetic particle precipitation was a likely cause of scintillation that was stronger at Concordia (88.8° S; 54.4° E) in the dark ionosphere than in the sunlit ionosphere over Eureka (88.1° N; 333.4° E), due to a difference in ionospheric conductivity. When the IMF tilted southward, weak or no significant scintillation was detected in the northern polar cap, while in the southern polar cap rapidly varying TEC and strong phase scintillation persisted for many hours. This interhemispheric asymmetry is explained by the difference in the location of solar terminator relative to the cusps in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Solar terminator was in the immediate proximity of the cusp in the Southern Hemisphere where sunlit ionospheric plasma was readily convected into the central polar cap and a long series of patches was observed. In contrast, solar terminator was far poleward of the northern cusp thus reducing the entry of sunlit plasma and formation of dense patches. This is consistent with the observed and modeled seasonal variation in occurrence of polar cap patches. The GPS scintillation and TEC data analysis is supported by data from ground-based networks of magnetometers, riometers, ionosondes, HF radars and all-sky imagers, as well as particle flux measurements by DMSP satellites.

OCCURRENCE OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN DIFFERENT FINFISH AND SHELLFISH SPECIES

ABSTRACT Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was examined in 293 samples of finfish and Penaeus monodon from wholesale fish markets in Kolkata, India, by standard culture technique. The bacterium was isolated from 45.83% of shellfish and 16.73% of finfish samples. Among finfishes, about 30% of Chela laubuca and Otolithoides biauritus, and 18–21% of Lates calcarifer, Ompok bimaculatus and Herpadon nehereus samples were contaminated. The bacterium was mostly recovered from intestinal contents (32.25%) as compared to skin (11.95%) and gill tissue (16.43%). Seasonal variation in occurrence of the bacterium was also recorded. The occurrence was slightly more in seafishes (21.74%) as compared to estuarine (16.04%) and freshwater fishes (13.83%), and in demersal fish species (19.35%) posing health risk to the consumers.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS / SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYAlthough seafoods, especially molluscan shellfishes, are known to carry Vibrio parahaemolyticus and are common sources of human infection, presence of the bacterium in finfishes is less documented. We have examined presence of V. parahaemolyticus in 20 finfish and shellfish species in India. Relative occurrences of the bacterium in finfishes from different habitats (sea, estuarine and freshwater) and in pelagic/benthopelagic or demersal fish species give new insights about distribution of the bacterium in nature. Data on unequal distribution of the pathogen in different fish and shellfish species will be helpful to the food industry, as well as the fish‐eating community, ensuring fish food safety.

Seasonal variation in occurrence of aortic diseases: The database of hospital discharge data of the Emilia–Romagna region, Italy

Seasonal variation in occurrence of aortic diseases: The database of hospital discharge data of the Emilia–Romagna region, Italy