Seaside Resort Research Articles

Tourism And the Issue of Sustainability in Morocco: The Case of The Seaside Resort Taghazout

Tourism has long been a crucial activity for the Moroccan economy, making a significant contribution to the country's GDP. As a result, this sector ranks high among the State's priorities, and it receives paramount importance in terms of planning and investment. The objectives of the tourism plans differ. Mainly stemming from the directives of international financial institutions, these objectives will contribute to the boom of mass tourism, disregarding the social and environmental dimensions of "touristified" territories. It was not until the development of Vision 2020 that the concept of sustainable tourism emerged, which "sustainably values territories, populations, heritages, and spreads its beneficial effects in the most remote areas of the Kingdom" (Program Contract 2011-2020, 2010: 5). The concept of sustainable tourism is relatively recent, and the first guide "towards sustainable tourism" was published in 2006 by the UNWTO and UNEP. As for the global criteria for sustainable tourism introduced in December 2019. The aim of this study is to assess the extent to which Moroccan tourism meets the criteria for sustainable tourism in destinations. The criteria to be analyzed are applied to the resort of Taghazout, which is Morocco's foremost coastal resort in terms of development.

Development of Urban Tourism along the Seaside Resort Town of Limbe in Cameroon

The city of Limbe is endowed with tourism potential whose development has several advantages to the development of the economy of the area. Tourism has become one of the vibrant sectors in the development of economies in both developed and developing countries of the world. The contribution of tourism to economic development lies first with the identification of potentials and the various stakeholders involved in their development. The purpose of this study is to identify and locate key tourist attractions in Limbe, identify the actors involved in tourism development and the role they play, to investigate the implications of urban-tourism, in the tourism sector of Limbe. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to collect data from the field in the study. Questionnaires and interview were used as instruments to obtain data from 333 residents drawn from the three council areas that make up the Limbe metropolitan area. Data collected were analysed by using simple statistical methods by tabulation and categorisation. Treated data is presented in forms of tables, graphs, photographs, and figure. The findings reveal amongst others that the tourism potentials of Limbe and its surroundings are enormous and attract many tourists into Limbe. It is also realised that tourism development in Limbe is influenced by both public and private actors. More so, urban regeneration and events such as Limbe FESTAC and AFCON are strategies used to promote urban-tourism in Limbe. Urban-tourism in Limbe has socio-cultural, spatial and economic implications. By implication, the participation of different actors is very necessary for tourism development in the city. The results are significant in crafting the future of urban-tourism projects and practices.

Typography and tourism places: The case of the English seaside resort

This article examines tourism through the prism of graphic design, providing an analysis of the relationship between typography and popular English seaside resorts. Along Blackpool's, Brighton's and Scarborough's promenades, typefaces are observed, categorised, and mapped; additionally, we depict significant typefaces and discuss their characteristics. The research methods employed also provide a template to explore other typographical environments. The research findings reveal, for the first time, that certain combinations of typographical usage have become a distinct attribute of tourism design within the built environment of these resorts. Moreover, this is the rationale for a proposed typographic reference resource, enabling businesses and Destination Management Organisations to make better-informed design and marketing decisions.

Remembering Folkestone: collective nostalgia and sense of place in the English seaside resort

ABSTRACT This paper investigates perceptions of place in Folkestone, UK, through the lens of a nostalgic image of seaside resorts that continues to influence the town’s future. These perceptions are connected to the physical seaside structures that form a sense of place, which is both local and formed by external forces. This vision of the typical English seaside resort more generally can be seen to create an image of an England that once was, and many seek to return to. In-depth interviews were carried out with people who lived in or visited Folkestone when it was a popular resort. This paper focuses on the significance of Folkestone in the imaginations of this population, how this forms a sense of place, and ultimately, what of this should be preserved. It reflects on participants’ sentimentality towards Folkestone and the English seaside, identifying the key themes that characterise this. Ultimately, through an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of participants’ experiences, this paper suggests that their love of Folkestone and longing for its past is rooted in a frustration with the present and is secondary to their wish for it to let go of this past, and for Folkestone to reinvent itself towards a more prosperous future.

‘Noordwijk aan Zee is no more’

From around 1866, Noordwijk aan Zee morphed from a small fishing village into a fashionable seaside resort. Although this transformation was set in train by a local hotelier, it was not fully realized until 1887, thanks to the initiatives of a developer from outside the village. The evolution from fishing village to seaside resort followed the model formulated in 1980 by the geographer R.W. Butler. This model distinguished seven stages: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline and rejuvenation. In the period 1887-1920, Noordwijk aan Zee underwent the stages of involvement and development. Some residents spotted an opportunity to make some money by providing services. The ambience of the village, originally determined by traditional fishermen’s cottages and sheds, changed dramatically. Development extended beyond the existing street plan and the sandy paths lining the sea wall were transformed into boulevards. Among the dunes to the south of the village core, an enclave of villas arose; to the north of the village core, labourers’ cottages.
 The role played by local architect-builders in the urban and architectural development of the Noordwijk aan Zee resort has received scant attention to date. In most architectural histories of Noordwijk, and of seaside resorts in general, the focus is on established architects. But given that their contribution was usually confined to a single work, their role in the spatial development of fashionable Noordwijk was negligible. It was primarily local builders who shaped the new streetscape. Working to order or on their own account, they were the most prolific builders. They drew their inspiration from the formal idiom of established architects and from the available pattern books. Various local builders ventured into tourism, as managers of summer villas, guesthouses or hotels. In that enterprise, too, they set their stamp on the appearance of the village.
 The construction boom that characterized the years 1887-1920 also drew builders from outside Noordwijk to settle in the village. Up to that point the local construction world had been dominated by builders’ families that had lived in the village for generations. The old families tended to confine their activities to the historical core, while most of the newcomers built outside the core.
 The study of local architect-builders in Noordwijk aan Zee sits within the context of Baukultur as formulated in the 2018 Davos Declaration. Local government has shown little interest in the Baukultur of Noordwijk in the period up to 1945. Although the seaside resort escaped major damage during the Second World War, since 1960 Noordwijk aan Zee has undergone large-scale demolition and redevelopment. The current situation is one of attrition; every year, one or two buildings from the town’s heyday as a popular seaside resort disappear forever.

Seaside Resort as Entrapment and Escape in British Cinema

British cinema has portrayed seaside resorts throughout its history with much dedication. Films featured both residents and visitors, the providers and the consumers of the seaside experience decade after decade by focusing on the synergies between space and identity. This article explores Brighton Rock (John Boulting, 1948), The Entertainer (Tony Richardson, 1960), The Birthday Party (William Friedkin, 1968), Quadrophenia (Franc Roddam, 1979), Bhaji on the Beach (Gurinder Chadha, 1993), and Last Resort (Pawel Pawlikowski, 2000) as representative examples of how the motifs of escape and entrapment—as manifested in the pursuit of various imaginations, ideals, rites of passage and identity quests—changed through the decades that also saw a gradual decline in the popularity of seaside resorts. The fading reputation and eroding image of resorts is analyzed parallel with the identity crises of characters entrapped in subcultural, diasporic, and migrant environments. (ZsGy)

Seaside Resort Blues

In the interwar period, seaside holidays had become accessible to more people in the United Kingdom than ever before. It was not least the unapologetic hedonism of the working classes that gave places like Blackpool and Scarborough their vibrant energy. However, a notable number of English travelogues in the 1930s depict seaside resorts as overcrowded, vulgar, debilitating, and in fact un-English. During the years in which the UK faced the rising threat of fascism, the seaside became a site where ideas of Englishness, popular culture, and masculinity came under scrutiny. In my paper, I explore these ambivalent constructions of the English seaside resort, from J. B. Priestley’s English Journey to the collection Beside the Seaside, in which women authors, including Yvonne Cloud and Kate O’Brian, celebrate the seaside as a catalyst of female agency. (VR)

Impact of Population Growth in the Central Coastal Zone of Chile: Factors for Estimating Tourism Carrying Capacity Based on the Case Study of One Latin American Seaside Resort

El Quisco is a district and popular seaside resort on the coast of Chile that has suffered the effects of the growing demand for second homes and tourism activities. The district has the fourth highest influx of a floating population in the region, which has had numerous impacts on the district at several levels. The objective of this article is to examine the issue of carrying capacity in Chile and its public management at the local level. To this end, this research developed an exploratory and instrumental case study. Carrying capacity problems were first identified in the existing literature. This information was subsequently complemented with more local information by means of: analysis of territorial planning instruments (TPIs) relating to the district; participative workshops with municipal government stakeholders; and, lastly, confirmation of the problems identified through correlation analysis of available historical data. The main result of this research was the determination of carrying capacity issues in El Quisco. This broadly coincides with indications from the existing literature and TPIs, while factors identified by local stakeholders are territory-specific, giving rise to new measurement variables. It was possible, in turn, to rule out certain carrying capacity issues perceived by the community.

Assessing Architecture-and-Landscape Integration as a Basis for Evaluating the Impact of Construction Projects on the Cultural Landscape of Tourist Seaside Resorts

The coastline of Western Pomerania has natural and cultural assets that have promoted the development of tourism, but also require additional measures to ensure the traditional features and characteristics are protected. This is to ensure that new developments conform to a more uniform set of spatial structures which are in line with the original culture. Today, seaside resorts are characterized by a rapid increase in development with a clear trend towards non-physiognomic architectural forms which continually expand and encroach on land closer to the coastline. This results in a blurring of the original concepts that characterized the founding seaside resort. This study evaluates 11 development projects (including a range of hotels, luxury residential buildings and hotel suites) built in 2009–2020 in the coastal area of Western Pomerania. An assessment of architecture-and-landscape integration for each development project was made, using four groups of evaluation criteria: aesthetic, socio-cultural, functional and locational factors. The study methodology included a historical and interpretative study (iconology, iconography, historiography) and an examination of architecture-and-landscape integration using a pre-prepared evaluation form. Each criterion was first assessed using both field surveys and desk research (including the analysis of construction plans and developer materials), and then compared with the original, traditional qualities of the town. This study demonstrates that it is possible to clearly identify the potential negative impact of tourism development on the cultural landscape of seaside resorts, and provides recommendations for future shaping, management and conservation of the landscape.

Comparison of Chinese Tourists’ Expectations and Perceptions on Seaside Resort Areas’ Service Quality: A Case of Chinese Tourists in Southern Region of Thailand

The objectives of this study were to analyze the Chinese tourists' expectation and perception gaps of service quality in southern Thailand's seaside resorts, to study the items of service quality that are satisfied by Chinese tourists in southern Thailand's seaside resorts, to study the items of service quality that are dissatisfied by Chinese tourists in southern Thailand's seaside resorts. The researcher used the survey questionnaire to collect data from 400 Chinese tourists who visited seaside resort areas in the southern region of Thailand and used descriptive statistics.
 
 The results found that Chinese tourists think some perceptions exceed their expectations, such as supporting online bookings in seaside areas, the staffs provide personalized service, the staffs are respectful, use polite language, smile service towards Chinese tourists, the seaside resorts have technical support. However, Chinese tourists think some perceptions can't reach their expectations, as for the price, it doesn’t have a reasonable price for food items, accommodation, traffic, commodity, and entertainment. As for the staff, it doesn’t have a first-class ability to handle emergencies, they can’t provide fast services. As for the managers of resort areas, it doesn’t have enough legal frameworks in protecting Chinese tourists.
 
 The study recommends that the managers of seaside resort areas in southern Thailand need control of the cost of accommodation, food, transportation, commodities to be more rationalized. Additionally, managers should introduce laws and policies to protect the rights and interests of Chinese tourists, improve the ability of staff to handle emergencies and provide fast service for Chinese tourists.

Factors Influencing the Seaside Resort Areas’ Service Quality Management: A Case of Chinese Tourists in Southern Region of Thailand

The objectives of this study were to test the influence of factors that influence on the service quality management of seaside resort areas in southern of Thailand. The researcher used the survey questionnaire to collect data from 400 Chinese tourists who visited seaside resort areas in southern region of Thailand. The research employed One-way ANOVA and multiple regression to test variables and to test hypothesis.
 
 The findings revealed that from 3 factors being analyzed using mean value. Service quality factor was the most important to the service quality management of seaside resort areas in southern of Thailand, followed by marketing mix factor, followed by external business factor.
 
 The findings also revealed that from 3 factors being tested including service quality factor, marketing mix factor and external business factor influence on the service quality management of seaside resort areas in southern of Thailand at statistically significant level .05.

Tel-Aviv and the sea: models of inspiration

ABSTRACT The article examines the development of Tel Aviv’s seaside in its formative years. The proximity to the sea aroused in the predominately-European founders’ aspirations of creating a seaside resort town, inspired by European models familiar to them. Four models of inspiration for the emerging city and the role they played in Tel Aviv’s early urban and architectural plans will be discussed: (1) Odessa on the Black Sea; (2) English seaside resorts: Brighton; (3) Nice on the French Riviera; (4) German health spas: Baden Baden.

The Interplay of Health, Pleasure and Wellness in British Seaside Resorts: the Case of Skegness on the Lincolnshire Coast

This article seeks to demonstrate the vitality of the health dimension in the growth of Skegness as a seaside resort. It shows the way changes in the medical profession, especially the use of seawaters for the treatment of diseases, contributed to the growth of seaside resorts in Britain. It highlights the way the health culture interacted with the principle of pleasure to contribute to the growth of seaside resorts. This paper also seeks to explore the potential role the National Health Service (NHS) could play in the transformation of Skegness into a wellness destination especially with the NHS emphasis on wellness as a new strategy to prevent and manage health problems, the constant inflow of an elderly generation into the resort, and an ageing population whose health needs are changing.

The development and decline of Morecambe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: a resort caught in the tide

ABSTRACTMass tourism started late and declined early in Morecambe, Lancashire. The seaside resort developed in the late nineteenth century, tourism soared in the early twentieth century and peaked in the inter-war and post-war years. However, by the 1970s Morecambe was nicknamed The Costa Geriatrica – where seagulls don’t land anymore. It had become the unfashionable subject of jokes on national television. This transformation in reputation and fortune was rapid; the trend since the mid-twentieth century was one of decline. Most attractions struggled to survive past the mid-1970s and the 1980s were a low point. The visitor numbers had fallen away; few resorts have experienced such a pronounced boom and bust. This article will consider the various micro and macro factors which contributed to Morecambe’s unusually turbulent history as a mass tourism destination. In doing so it reveals that many of the acutest challenges facing the resort were resort specific or regional and not limited to the second half of the twentieth century – the period most often associated with the decline of traditional British seaside resorts. This account of the failure of mass tourism provides an important historical context, as the resort considers its future and attempts regeneration.

Leisure and Commerce: Seafront Rivals in England’s First Seaside Resorts

During the first half of the 18th century, the earliest seaside resorts were created in England in small coastal towns that had previously made their living as commercial and fishing ports. Today many seaside resorts are still co-located with ports, ranging from small, quaint fishing and leisure harbours to major container and ferry ports. In most towns, industrial places of work are in areas near the periphery or where the edge of the town was located when the factories or mills were being created in the 18th and 19th centuries. However, the harbour inevitably lies at the heart and on the front of a settlement that might become a seaside resort, and often this aspect of their story has continued alongside the new leisure industry that has come to dominate their identity. Therefore, this could lead to conflicts over time between polite society and the commercial realm, and respectable visitors and themen and women servicing the harbour and its shipping. Over 300 years, the detailed geographical and economic relationship between leisure and commerce on seafronts has evolved, and new arrangements are being reached as visitor numbers have increased and as commercial facilities have expanded. This paper will consider a number of 18thcentury English and Welsh ports that pioneered sea bathing and seaside holidays. Today, some are seaside resorts, some are purely ports, and a small group havemanaged to negotiate a more or less uneasy relationship between these two apparently conflicting functions. Keywords: leisure, commerce, seaside resorts

Tendencies of Recreational Landscape Formation in Southeastern Baltic Seaside Resorts after 1990. Case of the Palanga Resort

Abstract The goal is to analyze the tendencies of the formation of recreational landscape of the Palanga resort and, after reviewing the planning experiences of other south-eastern Baltic resorts, present measures for landscape optimization. To achieve this, an analysis of changes of the seaside recreational landscape after 1990, the current state of resorts, scientific literature, and seaside resort planning was conducted. After assessing the changes in the recreational landscape, it has been noticed that for a quarter of the last century, planning of seaside resorts was aimed at attracting and accommodating an increasing number of holidaymakers, which caused an ever increasing need to intensify the construction in the territories, increasing the scale of buildings, and urbanizing natural territories without taking into consideration the existing natural and cultural environment. Natural, anthropogenic and social factors are affecting the recreational landscape of seaside resorts, which are important in the context of resort development and regional development. The article presents the means of Palanga resort optimization based on these factors.

The ‘Isle of Vice’? Youth, class and the post-war holiday on the Isle of Man

ABSTRACTThis article broadens our knowledge of post-war holidaymaking (c. 1950–80) by adopting the Isle of Man as a case study. A popular holiday resort from the late nineteenth century, the Isle of Man experienced considerable political turbulence during the 1950s and 1960s about how best to stay competitive as a seaside resort, where authorities employed uniquely stringent methods to contain rowdiness and protect the island’s ‘respectable’ atmosphere. The first two sections examine the leisure habits of the young and working class in a holiday context, integrating this analysis with perceptions of their behaviour gleaned from oral interviews with local residents. The concluding section explores how the presence of holidaymakers on the Isle of Man – uniquely among seaside resorts in the British Isles – informed (and in some cases emboldened) a sense of national identity. Oral history, complemented by the Hansard reports of the Isle of Man parliament and local press coverage, sheds light on the activities of the post-war working class at play, and how the presence of holidaymakers fortified Manx national consciousness.

Análise da qualidade da água em atrativos naturais na região de Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo (MG)

O turismo é uma atividade econômica que utiliza os aspectos peculiares de uma região, tais como natureza, história, cultura e geologia. Desta forma, este trabalho visou caracterizar os índices de qualidade da qualidade da água dos atrativos turísticos Poço do Limão, Praia do Tabuleiro, Balneário Benedito Martins Leite, cachoeiras do Angico, da Baía, do Chuvisco e do Cristal, localizados no município de Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo (MG). Para tal foram realizadas seis amostragens entre os meses de setembro de 2016 e maio de 2017 e analisados o Índice de Balneabilidade (IB), Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) e o Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA). Considerando o IB constataram-se resultados enquadrados na classificação “excelente” e “muito bom” da Resolução do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) nº 274/2000, com exceção da Cachoeira do Angico, dado o lançamento de esgoto nas proximidades desta. Por sua vez, o IQA apresentou resultados nas faixas de “médio” a “bom”, de acordo com o padrão do Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas. No entanto, é importante ressaltar que o período chuvoso influenciou negativamente os resultados desses índices, dado o escoamento superficial. Já os resultados obtidos por meio do IET permitiram a classificação das águas como ultraoligotróficas, indicando concentrações insignificantes de nutrientes. Assim, este trabalho pode contribuir para o planejamento turístico do município, colaborando com a geração de renda e melhoria da qualidade de vida da população local.

“Empty, Musing, Poignant”: Rupture, Nostalgia, and the Seaside Resort in Contemporary Irish Fiction

ABSTRACTThis essay identifies the seaside resort as an important space in Irish fiction of the past forty years. Specifically, it argues that just as British and Irish seaside resorts were undergoing profound transformation—what John K. Walton refers to as “the traumatic changes of the 1970s and 1980s” (3)—the seaside resort emerges in Irish fiction as the backdrop for various kinds of personal and social rupture, ranging from adolescence, mental breakdown, marital breakup, spousal death, and suicide to the social transformations we associate with modernity: emigration, internal migration, suburbanization, and secularization. The essay focuses predominantly on Irish fiction’s most insistent bard of the seaside, Neil Jordan, who locates almost all of his fictional and filmic work in Irish seaside towns. After discussing Jordan’s work, the essay expands the analysis to other paeans to the Irish seaside resort in order to demonstrate the sheer range of contemporary Irish writers for whom the seaside is an important location, and to suggest directions for future study.

Influence of tourism on the spatial development of seaside resorts: selected aspects

The paper presents the main trends in the development of seaside resorts worldwide and in Poland. Particular attention is called to the spatial aspects of this development. Based on their morphological differentiation, two forms of seaside resort in Poland can be distinguished: locations with a clearly heterogeneous spatial-functional structure, in which areas used for tourism are adjacent to others; and locations with a heterogeneous spatial-functional structure in which the tourism function is, to a certain extent, spatially isolated.