Search String Research Articles

PET imaging of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma - 18F-FDOPA vs. somatostatin analogues.

Functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) scans is an essential part of the diagnostic workup for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). The purpose of this review is a) to provide a brief overview of functional imaging for PPGL, b) summarize selected present and older guideline and review recommendations, and c) conduct a literature review on the diagnostic performance of the most used PET tracers for PPGL. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed from January 2004 to August 2024 with the search string: ("Pheochromocytoma" OR "Paraganglioma") AND ("Positron-Emission Tomography" OR "Radionuclide Imaging" OR ("PET" AND ("FDG" OR "DOTATOC" OR "DOTANOC" OR "DOTATATE" OR "DOPA" OR "FDOPA"))). Studies involving PET scans of at least 20 individuals with PPGL, or at least five individuals in a rare, well-defined subgroup of PPGL (e.g. sympathetic or head-neck paragangliomas, and specific pathogenic variants) were included. Seventy studies were identified of which 21 were head-to-head comparisons of at least two different PET tracers (18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine, 18F-FDOPA; 68Ga-DOTA-conjugated somatostatin analogues, 68Ga-SSA; and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 18F-FDG). 18F-FDOPA had higher sensitivity for pheochromocytoma compared to 68Ga-SSA and equal sensitivity for metastatic pheochromocytoma. 18F-FDOPA and 68Ga-SSA had similar sensitivity for primary non-SDHx sympathetic and head-neck paraganglioma. However, 68Ga-SSA had higher sensitivity for metastatic sympathetic and head-neck paraganglioma and for SDHx-related paraganglioma. 18F-FDOPA and 68Ga-SSA PET are both sensitive for localizing PPGL. However, 18F-FDOPA is the most sensitive for detecting pheochromocytoma, while 68Ga-SSA is superior to 18F-FDOPA for metastatic sympathetic and head-neck paraganglioma and SDHx-related paraganglioma.

Physical fitness in youth: a systematic review of changes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background Restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic induced changes in the fitness behavior of children and adolescents, which may be associated with long-term public health challenges. This systematic review analyses how physical fitness has changed during the pandemic and to what extent the changes remain in the aftermath of the pandemic. Methods We conducted a systematic search in seven databases with a peer-reviewed search string for studies until Dec 2023. Our inclusion criteria encompassed studies with children and adolescents ≤19 years living in the WHO European Region and in which validated measurements were used (single measurements or test batteries). Eligibility screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment (using ROBINS-E instrument) were all carried out independently by two reviewers. We published an a priori protocol in a peer-review journal and conducted reporting in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. Trial registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023395871. Results Our search retrieved 28 studies from 15 WHO European Region countries with an age range from 5 to 19 years. Physical fitness was reported in 21 validated single measurements (e.g. 20 m shuttle run, handgrip strength, standing long jump) and 9 validated test batteries (e.g. Alpha-Fitness Battery, German Motor Test, International Physical Performance Test Profile). The preliminary analyses pointed to a sharp decline in youth physical fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic. After restrictions were eased, physical fitness improved, but remained under pre-pandemic levels, particularly in boys. Conclusions The findings indicate a potential suboptimal behavioral adaptation of children and adolescents after the COVID-19 pandemic. Medium and long-term programs to change passive behavior and improve physical fitness are urgently needed. In addition to individual prevention programs, stronger consideration should also be given to schools and sport clubs regarding activities promoting physical fitness. Key messages • Physical fitness in children and adolescents remains below pre-pandemic levels after restrictions removal. • Initiating immediate public health action to increase physical fitness is urgently needed.

Content and Effect of Introduction Programmes to Increase Retention and Decrease Turnover of Newly Graduated Nurses in Hospitals: Umbrella Review.

The aim of this study is to combine and compare results from systematic reviews reporting the content and effect of programmes for the introduction of newly graduated nurses employed in hospital settings on increasing retention and decreasing turnover. An umbrella review. The electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL and PhycInfo were searched in January 2023 for eligible systematic reviews. The search string consisted of keywords extracted from the PICOS inclusion criteria. The AMSTAR 2 instrument was used for critical appraisal of the methodological quality of the eligible systematic reviews. The process and results of the review were presented using a narrative description of the data. Five systematic reviews, reporting 84 intervention studies evaluating nine types of introduction programmes from 2001 to 2018, were included in the umbrella review. All nine programme types were executed by nurses in a preceptor or mentor role and the content was directed towards training of the preceptor/mentor and introduction of the newly graduated nurses. The nine programmes showed overall positive effects on retention and turnover. Mentorship and Preceptorship were the most frequently evaluated programmes in the included intervention studies of the five reviews. However, the lack of transparency of the reviews and the bias of the intervention studies within the reviews, made it difficult to conclude specific effects of the content of the nine programmes. The protocol for the umbrella review is registered with Open Science Framework (https://OSF.IO/DXYS4). A weak introduction to hospital employment of newly graduated nurses may decrease retention and increase turnover. Structured and personal introduction by a mentor can have an effect on the newly graduated nurses' intentions to stay in their hospital care position. AMSTAR 2. None.

Do morphometric data improve phylogenetic reconstruction? A systematic review and assessment

BackgroundIsolating phylogenetic signal from morphological data is crucial for accurately merging fossils into the tree of life and for calibrating molecular dating. However, subjective character definition is a major limitation which can introduce biases that mislead phylogenetic inferences and divergence time estimation. The use of quantitative data, e.g., geometric morphometric (GMM; shape) data can allow for more objective integration of morphological data into phylogenetic inference. This systematic review describes the current state of the field in using continuous morphometric data (e.g., GMM data) for phylogenetic reconstruction and assesses the efficacy of these data compared to discrete characters using the PRISMA-EcoEvo v1.0. reporting guideline, and offers some pathways for approaching this task with GMM data. A comprehensive search string yielded 11,123 phylogenetic studies published in English up to Oct 2023 in the Web of Science database. Title and abstract screening removed 10,975 articles, and full-text screening was performed for 132 articles. Of these, a total of twelve articles met final inclusion criteria and were used for downstream analyses.ResultsPhylogenetic performance was compared between approaches that employed continuous morphometric and discrete morphological data. Overall, the reconstructed phylogenies did not show increased resolution or accuracy (i.e., benchmarked against molecular phylogenies) as continuous data alone or combined with discrete morphological datasets.ConclusionsAn exhaustive search of the literature for existing empirical continuous data resulted in a total of twelve articles for final inclusion following title/abstract, and full-text screening. Our study was performed under a rigorous framework for systematic reviews, which showed that the lack of available comparisons between discrete and continuous data hinders our understanding of the performance of continuous data. Our study demonstrates the problem surrounding the efficacy of continuous data as remaining relatively intractable despite an exhaustive search, due in part to the difficulty in obtaining relevant comparisons from the literature. Thus, we implore researchers to address this issue with studies that collect discrete and continuous data sets with directly comparable properties (i.e., describing shape, or size).

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) and Consumer Behavior: Trends Towards Conscious Consumption

Objectives: This study aims to investigate how ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) contributes to consumer behavior so that they have conscious consumption trends and how ESG can define patters of consumer behavior and trend positively in the behavior relationship of consumption. Theoretical Framework: Contributes to the mapping of the evolution, quantity and journals that published the list of search strings from 2014 to 2024. Method: This qualitative study is a Systematic Literature Review that used Parsifal® Software for the process of choosing and refining articles, which resulted in 81 articles as a final sample. The databases consulted were Web of Science and Scopus accessed on March 5, 2024. “ESG and Sustainable”, “ESG and consumer behavior” and “ESG and conscious consumption” were used as search strings. Results and Discussion: Positive relationships are evident between ESG and consumer behavior for conscious consumption trends, when choosing products and/or services. The implementation of ESG in the company's business can improve the relationship with consumers of its product or service and lead to robust, conscious and lasting behavior. Research Implications: Contributes to the benefits, pillars and how to adopt conscious consumption, in addition to highlighting the relationships between ESG and conscious consumption and the influence of these factors to define consumer behavior patterns. Originality/Value: This study stands out for analyzing the relationship between the adoption of ESG standards and practices and verifying the trend towards conscious consumption arising from the adoption of ESG practices.

Is Citation Count a Legitimate Indicator of Scientific Impact? A Case Study of Upper (1974) “The Unsuccessful Self-Treatment of a Case of Writer’s Block” and Its Derivatives

The work by Upper (1974) was a blank paper. Multiple replication studies were published. This work examined the number of citations received by these papers, and manually checked the citing papers to determine why they made the citations. The Dimensions literature database was queried with the search string: (unsuccessful treatment writer’s block). The search yielded 14 articles, two of which were irrelevant and excluded. The 12 papers remained after screening included the original study by Upper (1974), nine replication studies, one review, and one meta-analysis. The original work received 43 citations, but related works had fewer than 10 citations each. One fourth of citations of Upper (1974) were being satiric on “nothing” or “precise” from papers dealing with unrelated concepts, and five citations were deemed erroneous/digressed. One citation was made to acknowledge the reviewer’s comments to Upper (1974), which did not involve Upper’s own ideas. This work exposed a scenario where there were limitations of using citation count as the only metric to gauge scientific impact of journal articles.

A Systematic Review of Literature on Intellectual Property and the Creative Industry in Africa Using Scopus

The shift of the world to a knowledge economy, mainly driven by Intellectual Property (IP), calls for research dissemination through scholarly publishing to promote the protection and commercialisation of IP. In Africa, innovations such as mobile payment systems, drones, and development in the fields of renewable energy, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence have become key drivers of economic growth and development. However, many African countries have yet to know and appreciate the value of IP to their economies. The benefits of IP may be fully realised through proper awareness and understanding of IP using scholarly publications. The study sought to examine the published documents that focus on IP and the creative industry in Africa in order to create awareness and understanding of the breadth and scope of IP and IPRs. Content analysis was conducted on Scopus using descriptive informetrics. The Scopus database was used to ascertain the published documents that focus on IP and the creative industry in Africa. The researcher used the search string TITLE, ABSTRACT, KEYWORD and also applied Scopus “Analyse Search Results”, which facilitated in-depth analysis of the documents according to the key indicators (the year of publication, territory or country, source, author, institute/ affiliation, types of document, subject areas and sponsors). The analysis revealed that there were very few documents published each year on IP and the creative industry published in Africa. Although documents on IP and the creative industry in Africa were published through three document types, there was a diversity of the subject areas in which research on IP and the creative industry in Africa was found. Of the available research, most authors were affiliated with institutions in Africa, but only one of the journals belonged to an African country, and of all the sponsors, only four belonged to an African country. There was very little research on IP and the creative industry published in Africa, although IP is applicable to different disciplines. Africa needs to improve its science and technology capacity, research facilities and funding, and understanding and awareness of IP. Scholarly publishing on IP and the creative industries would be more pronounced if supported by local sponsors and journals instead of relying on scholars and institutions affiliated with countries outside Africa.

A meta-network analysis of methodological specifications for system dynamics modelling application in agricultural food systems

This paper aims to review existing applications of system dynamics modelling in agricultural food systems and draw insights from the various modelling procedures in order to highlight best-practice guidelines on methodological specifications for SD modelling. A meta-network analysis was used to identify existing studies that have applied SD modelling in agriculture. Using an algorithm that automatically clusters closely connected research articles based on Boolean search strings that look at the title, keywords, abstract, and digital object identifier (DOI) of the journal articles, 354 journal articles were selected for in-depth content analysis.Based on the synthesised trends, two criteria for determining the type of modelling process and model type to apply for the model conceptualisation step are: (i) the immediate end goal of the modelling process, and (ii) data availability. Participatory modelling is appropriate when there is limited data and model outputs will inform the implementation of interventions by stakeholders. For action research focusing on well-researched food systems with substantial data available, the semi-participatory modelling process can be adopted, and quantitative SD models can be solitarily used. A key contribution of this paper is the proposed procedure for emergent participatory scenario development within the system dynamics modelling process.

Person-centred crisis support services as alternatives to emergency departments: a systematic scoping review.

To identify, critically appraise, and synthesise the published and grey literature on person-centred crisis support services as an alternative to support in emergency departments (EDs) for people experiencing mental health crises. This scoping review explores the characteristics and outcomes of these services. A systematic scoping review was undertaken to identify publications describing person-centred crisis support services and their outcomes. Search strings were applied to multiple databases, and publications were subjected to quality appraisal. The review process was informed by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Thirteen publications were included in the narrative synthesis, and these considered eight separate crisis support services. The methodological quality of the publications included was limited. Key findings were positive visitors' experiences, high rates of ED deflection, and overlaps between repeat visits, crises prevention, and hospital avoidance. Key recommendations included increasing opening hours and capacity and improving service awareness and accessibility. The available evidence suggests that person-centred crisis support services are perceived by stakeholders as safe and effective alternatives to EDs for people experiencing mental health crises, providing more timely and appropriate care while reducing ED mental health presentations. Due to the limited quality of the publications included, high-quality research is needed to better understand the model and confirm the findings reported in this review.

Caring for Hindu patients at the end-of-life: A narrative review.

This paper reviews the existing literature to identify specific challenges that may arise in the context of providing palliative and end-of-life (EOL) care for Hindu patients in the physical, psychological, and spiritual domains. We offer practical strategies where appropriate to mitigate some of these challenges. We review how the Hindu faith impacts EOL decision-making, including the role of the family in decision-making, completion of advance directives, pain management, and decisions around artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The PubMed, MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for articles using the search strings combinations of keywords such as Palliative care, Hindu, Hinduism, End of Life Care, India, Spirituality, and South Asian. Once inclusion criteria were applied, 40 manuscripts were eligible for review. Our results are organized into the following 4 sections - how Hindu religious or spiritual beliefs intersect with the physical, psychological, and spiritual domains: and decision-making at the EOL. Hindu beliefs, in particular the role of karma, were shown to impact decision-making regarding pain management, ANH and CPR, and advance directive completion. The complexity of Hindu thought leaves a significant role for interpretation and flexibility for individual factors in decision-making at the EOL.

Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Newborn Hearing: A Systematic Review.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with several adverse health conditions in newborns such as preterm birth, hyperbilirubinemia, macrosomia, respiratory distress. However, the effect of GDM on the hearing sensitivity of newborns is still unclear. The study aimed to explore the effect of GDM on newborn hearing. The study aimed to explore the effect of GDM on newborn hearing. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and CHINAL databases. Keywords like "gestational diabetes," "diabetic pregnancies," "hearing loss," "hearing impairment," and "hearing disorder" were used to form a search string. The Rayyan software was used for screening procedure. The full-length articles were shortlisted, extracted, and appraised. The 7 articles were included in the review. Findings suggest that hearing loss is more prevalent in newborns with GDM pregnancies than in non-GDM pregnancies. In addition, OAE findings were "referred during the first hearing screening of newborns with GDM pregnancies." The refer rate of the first bilateral hearing screening was higher for newborns with GDM pregnancies. Furthermore, children of diabetic pregnancies were found to be at risk of bilateral hearing loss, particularly sensorineural in nature. The present systematic review suggests an association between GDM and a higher refer rate in hearing screening. A multidisciplinary collaboration between gynecologists, pediatricians, and audiologists can smoothen the early detection of hearing loss in newborns with GDM pregnancies, leading to early intervention and better clinical outcomes to improve the quality of life of affected newborns.

A systematic evidence map protocol for mapping global exposure to bisphenols and their alternatives and social and environmental justice implications

BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Stricter regulations around the use of BPA have led many manufacturers to switch to other bisphenol chemicals with similar functions such as bisphenol S and F. Even though exposure to BPA, other bisphenol chemicals and bisphenol alternatives poses a health risk for humans, very little is known about the granular exposure levels of different populations around the world. AimThis systematic evidence map (SEM) will identify human studies reporting concentrations of bisphenols and their alternatives measured in human bio-samples with the aim to chart the global human exposure levels by country and population characteristics to identify research gaps and discuss any social and environmental injustice implications. Search strategy and eligibility criteriaMEDLINE®, Embase and Web of Science (WoS) databases as well as grey literature sources will be searched using predefined search strings. The database search results will be supplemented by backward and forward citation tracking on included studies. A scoping exercise conducted during planning identified 90 bisphenol chemicals and alternatives used in plastics. These include BPA, other bisphenol chemicals with/without similar functions to BPA as well as alternatives with similar functions to bisphenol chemicals. Eligible studies must report concentrations of at least one relevant bisphenol chemical/alternative measured in human bio-samples. Study selectionOnly primary studies published in English since 2010 will be considered. The title, abstract and keywords will be screened by the DistillerAI tool and two independent reviewers. Grey literature will be screened by two reviewers for inclusion and exclusion. The full text of the included studies will then be screened by two independent reviewers. Study appraisalStudy quality will not be evaluated in this SEM. Data extraction and codingData extraction and coding will be performed by two independent reviewers. Parameters of interest will include the following: study characteristics (e.g., year of publication, sampling timepoints and study design), population information (e.g., country, age, sex, ethnicity, number of participants) and exposure information (sources of exposure, bio-sample analyzed, chemical name, concentration, and detection frequencies). Synthesis and visualizationThe results will be presented using a narrative summary, tables, bar plots and color-coded maps. The interactive database will be available on a dedicated freely accessible website. Systematic map protocol registry and registration numberThis protocol has been registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) and is available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MNWTD.

Integration of parametric design tools with artificial intelligence in the construction industry - a review

Background: Technology continues to reshape the design and execution of construction projects in today's global scenario. Objective: The objectives of the research are focused on providing insight into the most prominent Parametric Design (PD) tools in the construction sector, accurately identifying the Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and algorithms used in the PD of buildings and structures, and prominently highlighting the benefits derived from the collaboration between these tools and AI in the context of construction. Methods: The present review is carried out using the Prisma methodology, with a specific search string, and applied to the determined scientific databases, between the years 2015 and 2023 and using exclusion and inclusion criteria. Results: The research concludes that the integration of parametric tools and AI, with special attention to Rhinoceros 3D + Grasshopper, has a significant impact on building through adaptive and complex models. Collaboration with artificial neural networks (ANN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) enables detailed simulations and automations. Conclusions: The benefits are numerous: optimized designs, automation, improved quality and efficient decision-making, all of which drive innovation in construction projects.

The bibliometric analysis of regional innovations of Kazakhstan in the context of Triple Helix model

This research aims to conduct an analysis of scientific literature on issues related to regional innovation in the context of Triple Helix model, including Kazakhstan. In order to accomplish the objective, the bibliometric analysis was carried out using four primary search strings: “Triple Helix and Kazakhstan,” “Kazakhstan regional innovation,” “Regional Innovation and Triple Helix,” and “Regional Innovation.” The bibliometric analysis was conducted using the computer softwares VOSviewer, the computerized databases Scopus and Web of Science. Establishing links and relationships was achieved through the use of the computer software VOSViewer, which automatically applied methods of co-occurrence and keyword analysis. The results obtained from the areas mentioned earlier, particularly in the context of Kazakhstan and the publication output and connections within Triple Helix, are limited. It was revealed that in Kazakhstan there is a small amount of scientific research on regional innovation in the context of the Triple Helix model, which reflects the economic situation when the Triple Helix model is not sufficiently integrated into the state policy of regional development to study it. Kazakhstani policymakers and scholars focus on regional economic growth development as a strategy rather than integrating innovation models or the Triple Helix model in regional development. The primary contribution of this paper is to highlight the limited availability of literature and research on the topic at hand. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for further investigation and serves as a potential agenda for policymakers and scholars interested in regional development and innovation in Kazakhstan and other countries.

The Efficacy of Ketogenic Diets (Low Carbohydrate; High Fat) as a Potential Nutritional Intervention for Lipedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lipedema is a frequently misdiagnosed condition in women, often mistaken for obesity, which significantly deteriorates both quality of life and physical health. Recognizing the necessity for holistic treatment strategies, research has increasingly supported the integration of specific dietary approaches, particularly ketogenic diets focusing on low-carbohydrate and high-fat intake. to evaluate the impact of ketogenic diets on women with lipedema through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by reviewing published, peer-reviewed studies addressing the implications of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) ketogenic diet in managing lipedema following comprehensive scrutiny of digital medical databases, such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and the Web of Science. This research was governed by specified parameters, including an established search string composed of search terms and an eligibility criterion (PICO) as denoted by the principal authors. Statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4.1 software with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale utilized for quality appraisal of the included studies. Seven studies reporting statistical outcomes were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis following a rigorous quality appraisal and data identification process. Three hundred and twenty-nine female participants were diagnosed with lipedema and treated using a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Data analysis identified the high-fat diet with a mean study duration of 15.85 weeks. Mean Differences (MDs) on changes pre- and post-intervention showed significant reductions in BMI and total body weight [4.23 (95% CI 2.49, 5.97) p < 0.00001 and 7.94 (95% CI 5.45, 10.43) p < 0.00001 for BMI and body weight, respectively]. Other anthropometric measurements, such as changes in waist/hip circumferences and waist/hip ratios, showed a significant reduction in these parameters, with an MD of 8.05 (95% CI 4.66, 11.44) p < 0.00001 and an MD of 6.67 (95% CI 3.35, 9.99) p < 0.0001 for changes in waist and hip circumferences from baseline, respectively. Lastly, changes in pain sensitivity were statistically significant post-intervention [MD 1.12 (95% CI, 0.44, 1.79) p = 0.001]. All studies scored fair on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. despite the limited studies and low number of study participants, the review observed a significant reduction in anthropometric and body composition metrics, indicating a potentially beneficial association between LCHF ketogenic diets and lipedema management.

Efficacy of Sensor-Based Training Using Exergaming or Virtual Reality in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review

In its chronic and non-specific form, low back pain is experienced by a large percentage of the population; its persistence impacts the quality of life and increases costs to the health care system. In recent years, the scientific literature highlights how treatment based on assessment and functional recovery is effective through IMU technology with biofeedback or exergaming as part of the tools available to assist the evaluation and treatment of these patients, who present not only with symptoms affecting the lumbar spine but often also incorrect postural attitudes. Aim: Evaluate the impact of technology, based on inertial sensors with biofeedback or exergaming, in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. A systematic review of clinical studies obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2016 to 1 July 2024 was conducted, developing the search string based on keywords and combinations of terms with Boolean AND/OR operators; on the retrieved articles were applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. The procedure of publication selection will be represented with the PRISMA diagram, the risk of bias through the RoB scale 2, and methodological validity with the PEDro scale. Eleven articles were included, all RCTs, and most of the publications use technology with exergaming within about 1–2 months. Of the outcomes measured, improvements were reported in pain, disability, and increased function; the neuropsychological sphere related to experiencing the pathology underwent improvements. From the results obtained, the efficacy of using technology based on exergames and inertial sensors, in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain, was increased. Further clinical studies are required to achieve more uniformity in the proposed treatment to create a common guideline for health care providers.

Automated Mass Extraction of Over 680,000 PICOs from Clinical Study Abstracts Using Generative AI: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) shows promise in automating key tasks involved in conducting systematic literature reviews (SLRs), including screening, bias assessment and data extraction. This potential automation is increasingly relevant as pharmaceutical developers face challenging requirements for timely and precise SLRs using the population, intervention, comparator and outcome (PICO) framework, such as those under the impending European Union (EU) Health Technology Assessment Regulation 2021/2282 (HTAR). This proof-of-concept study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy and efficiency of using GenAI for mass extraction of PICOs from PubMed abstracts. Abstracts were retrieved from PubMed using a search string targeting randomised controlled trials. A PubMed clinical study 'specific/narrow' filter was also applied. Retrieved abstracts were processed using the OpenAI Batch application programming interface (API), which allowed parallel processing and interaction with Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 Omni (GPT-4o) via custom Python scripts. PICO elements were extracted using a zero-shot prompting strategy. Results were stored in CSV files and subsequently imported into a PostgreSQL database. The PubMed search returned 682,667 abstracts. PICOs from all abstracts were extracted in < 3 h, with an average processing time of 200 s per 1000 abstracts. A total of 395,992,770 tokens were processed, with an average of 580 tokens per abstract. The total cost was $3390. On the basis of a random sample of 350 abstracts, human verification confirmed that GPT-4o accurately and comprehensively extracted 342 (98%) of all PICOs, with only outcome elements rarely missed. Using GenAI to extract PICOs from clinical study abstracts could fundamentally transform the way SLRs are conducted. By enabling pharmaceutical developers to anticipate PICO requirements, this approach allows for proactive preparation for the EU HTAR process, or other health technology assessments (HTAs), streamlining efficiency and reducing the burden of meeting these requirements.

Utilizing PPCO and the Mountain Model to Guide Clinical Improvement

This article describes a nurse practitioner–led project that uses PPCO (Problem, Population, Change, and Outcome) and the Mountain Model to guide an evidence-based practice quality improvement–focused initiative. These combined methods form an umbrella framework, guiding searches for relevant external literature and implementing sustainable evidence-based practice quality improvement enterprises. This initiative aims to improve organ and tissue donation outcomes through multidimensional process enhancements at an established donor and transplant hospital in the United States. The article includes search strings and search results, a comparison of evidence-searching questions, and the initial application of the Mountain Model to the selected clinical problem.

Laws and Provisions Related to Waqf Property and Its Maintainability as Per the Waqf Act of 1995

Waqf is part of the ibadah that is strongly demanded by Islam. The development of waqf property has played a major role as the main factor in the community’s socioeconomic development and Islamic civilization development. This study employs the four stages in conducting the SLR. It starts with identifying the research strategy where a search string is developed. The second stage is a study selection with a total of 310 papers from 2017 up to 2022 from three main academic databases, which are Scopus, Web of Science and Springer retrieved. After applying the quality assessment criteria, 67 papers were qualified for the analysis. Thematic analysis was then applied to thematically categorize the identified factors as the fourth stage in data extraction and synthesis. Several factors were found in the literature. Three broad categories were used to group the dis covered variables. The subjects include management, governance, and promotion. The study also has an empirical benefit, particularly for those looking for waqf property since it helps them understand the factors that could contribute to waqf property development. Moreover, the findings can be a component to transform the waqf property to become reproductive, sustainable, and competitive.

Retinoscopes: Past and present.

Retinoscopy is arguably the most important method in the eye clinic for diagnosing and managing refractive errors. Advantages of retinoscopy include its non-invasive nature, ability to assess patients of all ages, and usefulness in patients with limited cooperation or communication skills. To discuss the history of retinoscopes and examine current literature on the subject. A search was conducted on the PubMed and with the reference citation analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com) database using the term "Retinoscopy," with a range restricted to the last 10 years (2013-2023). The search string algorithm was: "Retinoscopy" (MeSH Terms) OR "Retinoscopy" (All Fields) OR "Retinoscopes" (All Fields) AND [(All Fields) AND 2013: 2023 (pdat)]. This systematic review included a total of 286 records. Publications reviewed iterations of the retinoscope into autorefractors, infrared photo retinoscope, television retinoscopy, and the Wifi enabled digital retinoscope. The retinoscope has evolved significantly since its discovery, with a significant improvement in its diagnostic capabilities. While it has advantages such as non-invasiveness and broad applicability, limitations exist, and the need for skilled interpretation remains. With ongoing research, including the integration of artificial intelligence, retinoscopy is expected to continue advancing and playing a vital role in eye care.