Search For Social Support Research Articles

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДІТЕЙ, ПОСТРАЖДАЛИХ ВІД СІМЕЙНОГО НАСИЛЬСТВА

Purpose. The article reveals the problem of family violence in psychology and the study of socio-psychological characteristics of children affected by family violence. Methods. In order to achieve the goal, the following methods were used in the study: Lazarus coping test, personality orientation method" V. Smekala, M. Kuchera; personal questionnaire FPI (modified form B), method of diagnosis of indicators and forms of aggression by A. Bass and A. Darka; methods of mathematical statistics, in particular (determination of average values, percentage and correlation analysis, Fisher's φ-angle transformation). Results. According to the results of the interviewed teenagers using the selected methods, it was established that teenagers who have experienced family violence or witnessed it: are task- and self-oriented, in difficult life circumstances they are more likely to demonstrate coping behavior: distancing, seeking social support, and escape-avoidance; they are characterized by a high level of: neuroticism, depression, irritability, shyness, openness and emotional lability, verbal aggression, suspiciousness, offensiveness, indirect and physical aggressiveness. On the other hand, adolescents who were not subjected to illegal actions by their parents/guardians and generally did not experience any violent actions (bullying) in social groups were found to be: focused on themselves and on building interpersonal relationships; in difficult situations, they resort to confrontational coping, social support and positive reassessment of the situation; on the one hand, they are more balanced, on the other hand, they demonstrate irritability, emotional lability, negativism, irritation, suspicion, and verbal aggression. Also, a certain level of spontaneous aggressiveness, sociability, reactive aggressiveness, ambiversion and androgynous gender identity was determined in both groups of teenagers. Conclusions. Socio-psychological features of children affected by family violence are characterized by a certain connection among the interviewed teenagers. Namely, in adolescents who have experienced violence, a connection was determined: distancing with depression, escape-avoidance with neuroticism and reactive aggressiveness; self-directedness with coping seeking social support and negative association with shyness. In adolescents who did not experience violence in the family, connections were established: coping, problem solving planning with a focus on interaction, positive reevaluation with sociability; a negative relationship between the search for social support and neuroticism and depression.

Student's Gender Differences in Stress Management Through Communication

The aim of the article is to determine the specifics of optimizing the stress management of boys and girls during the student period through communicative training. The reliable data were obtained through valid and reliable test methods, and a formative experiment was planned and conducted. The results of the formative experiment indicate the moderate effectiveness of the developed communicative training programme for making stress management in student age more effective. Significant gender differences in stress management strategies and consequences of the impact of the training programme were identified. The girls are more focused on the strategy of actively overcoming the problem, planning a solution to the problem, and looking for social support. The boys are more focused on self-control, distancing, positive reassessment of the situation. Indicators of psychological well-being are higher among the boys compared to the girls. The training programme proved effective for the girls in building stress resistance, self-control, acceptance of responsibility, and psychological well-being. For boys, the most effective formative influence was based on self-control, search for social support, and the escape coping strategy. The study results can be used to optimize psychological assistance and the educational process at the student age.

Стратегии совладания в контексте самоэффективности российской молодежи в современной геополитической ситуации

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Identification of coping strategies that have a positive effect on Russian youth self-efficacy in the current situation. <br><strong>Background.</strong> The current geopolitical situation is an additional stressor for Russian youth. It can reduce both their self-efficacy and overall psychological well-being. In this regard, it is important for researchers to understand which coping strategies Russian youth use to overcome the current situation, and which of these coping strategies are significant for increasing youth self-efficacy. <br><strong>Study design.</strong> We conducted the study in February-April 2023. Mixed methods were used. During the qualitative stage, we identified the coping strategies used by young people in the current situation. During the quantitative stage, we found the relationship of coping strategies with youth self-efficacy using hierarchical regression. <br><strong>Participants.</strong> 10 respondents (5 men, 5 women; 18-30 years old) took part in the qualitative study, in the quantitative study – 172 respondents. The respondents were aged 18 to 30 (<em>M</em> = 21,58, <em>SD</em> = 2,93) (36,6% men, 63,4% women). <br><strong>Measurements.</strong> Interview guide aimed at identifying coping strategies, Russian-language versions of the R. Schwarzer and M. Yerusalem scale of general self-efficacy, adapted by V. Romek, and V. Janke and G. Erdmann's scale of coping strategies for overcoming difficult life situations, adapted by N. Vodopyanova.<br><strong>Results.</strong> The self-efficacy of Russian youth is positively associated with such coping strategies as “Problem Solving”, “Self-Control”, “Hobby” and negatively with “Problem Avoidance” and “Search for Social Support”.<br><strong>Conclusions.</strong> In modern conditions, Russian youth self-efficacy was predicted only by active coping strategies focused on problem solving, self-control and involvement in interesting and meaningful activities for young people.</p>

Clinical and psychological associations and coping strategies for personality type D and depression in patients with coronary artery disease

The comorbidity of manifestations of psychological distress and cardiovascular diseases is complex. The degree of impact of psychological stress on the patient depends on the possibilities of the adaptive potential of the individual in the environment.Aim: To study the cognitive assessment of stress, coping strategies and clinical and psychological associations in personality type D and depression in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Material and Methods. The study included 112 CAD patients. The DS-14 questionnaire was used to determine personality type D.To determine the level of depression the hospital scale HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). To assess coping strategies, the questionnaires “Methods of Coping Behavior” and “Indicator of Stress Coping Strategies” were used. Difficult life situation (DLS) assessment was determined using the “Cognitive Assessment of DLS” methodology. The questionnaire “Types of Orientations in Difficult Situations” was used to study orientations in DLS.Results. Patients were divided into groups based on manifestations of psychological distress: with type D (n = 40), without type D (n = 72); with depression (n = 48) without depression (n = 82). In type D, there was a more frequent assessment of the situation as out of control (12.0 ± 4.6 points versus 11.0 ± 4.6 points, p = 0.049) and orientation towards losses in difficult situations (17.0 ± 4.1 points 15.5 ± 5.1, points, p = 0.016). In depression, less pronounced desire for difficulties (19.0 ± 5.0 points versus 23.0 ± 5.9 points, p = 0.006), orientation towards opportunities (15.5 ± 3.2 points versus 18.0 ± 3.5 points, p < 0.001). In type D, the strategies “Escape-avoidance” (p = 0.05) and “Self-control” (p = 0.04) were used more often. In depression, the strategies “Problem resolution” (p = 0.02), “Search for social support” (p < 0.001) and “Avoidance” (p = 0.02) were more often used, less often – “Confrontational coping” (p = 0.001).Conclusion. Differences in cognitive assessment and coping strategies were revealed in patients with coronary artery disease in personality type D and the development of depression symptoms. This study emphasizes the need for individualized behavioral interventions for patients with coronary artery disease with manifestations of psychological distress.

Posttraumatic growth and rehabilitative resources of the combatants and demobilized servicemen

The combat experience of military and demobilized persons combines the influence of combat and non-combat stressors with combat conditions and stressors associated with being in the combat zone, which leads to severe personal injury, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and severe stress adaptive capacity. The resource of mastering combat stress is vitality, which is confirmed by the general viable position of the subjects, focused on effective self-development. Combatants show marked signs of maladaptation, but half of them report an increase in the value of life, spiritual growth and a general trend of personal growth, with women significantly exceeding men in terms of increasing personal strength. The aim of the research is to reveal the indicators of posttraumatic growth and personality rehabilitative resources of combatants and demobilized servicemen. Therefore, the posttraumatic growth of combatants goes hand in hand with attempts to adapt to a difficult situation. The main strategies for resisting stress in these conditions are cognition and recourse to physical activity. It is the resource of physical activity that is significantly positively correlated with indicators of posttraumatic personal growth. Personality posttraumatic growth indicators have been substantiated: change in attitude toward others, emergence of new opportunities, increase in strength of personality, spiritual changes, increase in the value of life, and general posttraumatic growth. The resource of rehabilitation potential, which is little used, is the appeal to the sphere of imagination and emotional sphere. The military does not sufficiently use the resources of faith and search for social support, which in crisis conditions are productive strategies. Sustainability is an important component of personal rehabilitation potential, but at this stage of a difficult situation, the personal resources involved are a person’s activity in overcoming difficulties, his/her desire to act and win, the desire not to lose this meaning, to express their personal potential.

The role of resilience and coping behavior in schizophrenia in the prevention of psychosis relapse

IntroductionAccording to scientific sources, personal resources in the form of resilience, stress coping skills play an important protective role in the prevention of psychosis recurrence. Weakening the psychological capacity of the patient and increasing stress are risk factors for psychosis.ObjectivesTo study the protective role of such personal resources as resilience and coping with stress in schizophrenia, as well as the influence of negative symptomatology and psychosociorehabilitation intervention on these factors.MethodsClinical-psychopathological, statistical, and psychometric methods were used (Alfimova-Golimbet’s resilience scale, Amirkhan’s coping strategies questionnaire, and PANSS). Patients of two groups participated in the study: 1 - members of a community organization (OO), n=49, who in addition to psychopharmacotherapy were given comprehensive long-term psychosociorehabilitation (3.7±2.5 years), 2 - patients of the medical-rehabilitation department of a psychiatric hospital (MRO), n=48, in whom the psychosociorehabilitation intervention was shorter (40.3±6.5 days).ResultsThe results of the study showed that significant predictors of a favorable course of the schizophrenic process were high indicators of resilience, coping behavior, and a small degree of negative symptomatology. Analysis of the data regarding patients’ coping with stress shows that constructive coping strategies are more frequent in both groups. Thus, “problem solving” (24.3 points in GS and 22.9 points in MPO) and “search for social support” (23.0 points and 22.7 points, respectively), that is patients of both groups are generally oriented to a productive way of coping with difficult situations and are ready to seek help from others in a difficult situation. Notably, the strategy of “problem avoidance” is less pronounced (18.5 points and 19.4 points, respectively). The high resilience scores in the GS group (32.5 points), comparable to the norm in the population (33.1 points), are explained by long-term comprehensive psychosociorehabilitation, while the resilience scores in the MPO group are lower - 28.7 points. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia were equally pronounced in both groups, manifested by difficulties in communication (2.6 points each), passive-apathetic social withdrawal (2.7 points each). Such negative symptoms as blunting of affect and emotional indifference were more pronounced in the MPO group - 3.2 points each vs. 2.8 points in the group from the GS.ConclusionsHigh levels of resilience and ability to cope with stress as a result of psychosociorehabilitation intervention allow patients to overcome difficult life circumstances more flexibly. They are associated with less pronounced negative symptoms, which generally helps prevent psychosis relapses and contribute to a more favorable course and prognosis of schizophrenia.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Coping strategies facing Covid-19, perceived social support, and trait anxiety among Tunisian caregivers

IntroductionCaregivers in the Sfax region, Tunisia, having been at the forefront in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, were therefore faced with intense stress. It seemed useful and interesting to us to study their adaptation strategies during this period of pandemic.ObjectivesThe aims of our study were to identify the coping strategies used by Tunisian Healthcare workers (HCW) during the Covid-19 pandemic and to study the links of the different coping strategies with perceived social support and trait anxiety.MethodsA cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted among 254 Tunisian HCW working at the Habib Bourguiba and Hedi Chaker university hospitals in Sfax, during period from January 2021 to April 2021. the questionnaire used included an information sheet and three scales; “Social support questionary 6” (SSQ-6), “State Trait Inventory Anxiety Form Y2” (STAI-Y2), and “Ways of Coping Checklist” (WCC).ResultsUsing the WCC scale, the strategy most used by participants was the problem-focused one (M = 2.98 ±0.53), followed by the emotion-focused strategy (M = 2.65 ±0 .58), and that centered on the search for social support (M = 2.64 ±0.59). Using the SSQ-6, the mean score for the availability of perceived social support was equal to 8.91±4.59 and the score mean perceived satisfaction was equal to 28.63±5.84. The prevalence of trait anxiety was 50%, according to the STAI-Y2. Statistical tests showed that problem-focused coping was the strategy most adopted by non-anxious participants. They also showed that the higher the availability of perceived social support, the more the social support-seeking coping strategy was chosen, and the higher the perceived satisfaction with perceived social support, the less the emotion-focused strategy was chosen.ConclusionsIt seems necessary to propose a learning program for coping strategies to counter the potential emergence of ineffective strategies and to reinforce the use of effective strategies, in order to improve or maintain optimal well-being of health personnel.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Features of psychopathological response and coping in patients with malignant skin diseases with a low level of vital threat

Background. Malignant skin tumors are common oncological diseases that have a negative impact on the psyche; their nosological and clinical heterogeneity necessitates in-depth study and differential approaches to the elimination of psychopathological manifestations. Purpose: to study the features of psychopathological response and stress-overcoming behavior in patients with malignant skin tumors with a low level of vital threat. Objectives of the study: to determine the features of depressive manifestations, the structure and expressiveness of psychopathological symptoms and the coping repertoire of patients with malignant skin tumors with a low level of vital threat, as well as the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and stress-coping behavior. Materials and Methods. 24 men and 15 women with basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma were clinically and psychologically examined using the HRDS, HARS, SCL-90-R and the Coping Behavior questionnaire. Results. The presence of a clinically defined depressive disorder was established in 38.5% of patients with a predominance of low mood (69.2%), feeling tired (56.4%), anxious (71.8%), pessimistic (59.0%) and dyssomnic (56.4%) symptoms and elevated depression indicators (11.85±8.52 points). Predominance in psychopathological symptoms of somatization (2.55±0.35 points), anxiety (2.38±0.35 points) and depression (2.15±0.57 points) was established. Study of the coping of patients with malignant skin tumors with a low level of vital threat revealed a predominance of relatively constructive coping strategies of self-control (70.69±8.64 points), search for social support (67.23±13.84 points) and acceptance of responsibility (64.09±19.04 points) and significant direct correlations of medium strength between non-constructive coping and anxiety and hostility, and inverse correlations between constructive and conditionally constructive coping and depression and hostility. Conclusions. Patients with skin cancer with a low level of vital threat are characterized by a high susceptibility to depressive disorders, mainly vital and asthenodepressive forms, with pronounced somatization; the predominance in the coping repertoire of strategies of self-control, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, distancing and planning to solve the problem, which are correlated with anxiety, depression and hostility.

Соціально-психологічні особливості подолання студентами складних життєвих ситуацій

The article examines the problem of overcoming complex life situations, including crisis situations of the individual and his or her socio-psychological features, by modern students. In the socio-psychological literature of the last decade, the topic of overcoming crisis, extreme and difficult life circumstances is of great interest. The content of the concepts of difficult life situations, crises and crisis situations is revealed. Features of crisis situations, types (strategies) of "overcoming" (mastering) behavior are determined. The main stages of the social and psychological overcoming of difficult situations by an individual are characterized and the key tasks faced by a person in difficult situations are defined: 1. To establish the meaning of the situation (understand what happened) and determine its meaning for yourself. 2. A person's reaction to the demands of a difficult or crisis situation and an individual's attempt to resist it. 3. The need to maintain relationships with family members, friends, other people, those who are able to provide support. 4. To keep a "reasonable" emotional balance, to manage negative feelings arising as a result of adverse circumstances and situations. 5. To save and maintain "self-image", social identity, self-confidence. The search for social support is manifested in asking other people for advice and help in a stressful situation. The task of overcoming negative life circumstances is to either overcome difficulties, or reduce their negative consequences, or avoid these difficulties, or endure them. Crisis is a turning point, a transitional moment, a critical point of development, a period in which a person's sensitivity to the world, the system of relations to oneself and others is sharpened. The gradual solution of the assigned tasks leads to successful overcoming of a difficult situation. The leading coping strategies used by modern students to overcome difficult life situations are the search for social support, acceptance of responsibility, problem solving planning, positive reassessment, task solving, optimism, giving meaning.

Analysis of the Relationship of Dominant Coping Strategies and the Degree of Personality Conflict

Relevance. The study is connected with the need for a theoretical, methodological and empirical justification for the existence of unified normative-typical methods and forms of response, in the form of coping strategies that are routinely used by a person in a situation of confrontation with stress, and serve as a way to regulate any conflict situations.The purpose . To analyze the connection between the dominant coping strategy of the individual and the way of conflict regulation.Objectives. Explore the dominant coping strategies of respondents and the features of response and conflict resolution; reveal the existence of a connection between dominant coping strategies and methods of conflict management.Methodology The research methodology is based on the principles of consciousness and activity, the principle of determinism, the principle of the activity of the subject, the cultural and historical concept of L.S. Vygotsky, as well as on personality-oriented approaches to the study of individual strategies, styles and methods of coping behavior and conflict resolution of the individual.Results. A direct correlation was found between the strategy of overcoming stressful situations "Confrontation" and the method of conflict regulation "Competition" and inversely proportional relationship between the parameters "Confrontation" and "Cooperation". Direct correlation between the strategy of overcoming stressful situations "Distancing" and the method of conflict regulation "Avoidance" and inversely proportional relationship between the parameters "Distance" and "Cooperation". Direct correlation between the strategy of coping with stressful situations "Search for social support" and such methods of conflict regulation as "Cooperation" and "Compromise". Direct correlation between the strategy of coping with stressful situations "Escape-Avoidance" and such methods of conflict regulation as "Avoidance" and "Adaptation". Direct weak correlation was found between the strategy of coping with stressful situations "Positive reassessment" and the method of conflict regulation "Adaptation".Conclusion. There are basic behavioral constructs that determine the strategies of a person's behavior when faced with stress and (or) a conflict situation, which are normative-typical forms of emotional, behavioral and cognitive response, which are standardly used by a person in a situation with stress factors, and in any conflict situation.

Strategies of coping with anger as a state and a trait among female students

Introduction. University students often encounter many difficult situations that may provoke their anger and thus make them less capable of controlling themselves and their behaviours. This will possibly hinder their growth and psychological and academic development, leading to more personal conflict and discomfort, emotional and physical abuse, increased crime, feelings of insecurity, a lack of concentration, and less social interaction.Aim. This study aims to examine coping strategies with anger as a state and trait in light of “Social status” and “Achievement level” variables.Methodology and research methods. A quantitative method was employed to analyse the data. The sample for the study consisted of 256 female students from Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), randomly chosen. Two scales were used to collect data: 1) the anger scale as a state and as a trait, including 30 items (15 items measure anger as an emotional state that varies in its intensity, and 15 items measure anger as an emotional trait); 2) the anger coping strategies scale, containing 34 items divided into six domains to identify the different ways of individuals’ positive or negative responses to the irritating situations of anger (direct expressions of anger, emphasis, search for social support, dissipation of anger, avoidance, and tapering).Results. The results revealed statistically significant differences due to social status and achievement level, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the coping strategies for anger due to social status. They also showed that seeking social support is the prevailing coping strategy.Scientific novelty. The study is one of the few in the Arab World that looked at the relationship between anger as a state or trait and coping strategies in a sample of female students based on their social status and level of achievement. It helps enrich the theoretical literature on anger and researchers’ and students’ knowledge by clarifying the relationship of the discussed variables with each other.Practical significance. The practical significance of the study can be observed in two aspects. First, the research findings can draw the attention of educational officials by highlighting the relationships between anger as a state and anger as a trait, as well as the coping strategies employed by female students. This knowledge can lead to developing programmes to reduce anger among female students. Second, the study can contribute to developing coping methods that positively impact the social and academic adaptation of female students.

Tendency to depressive states, anxiety and strategies of coping behavior for boys and girls

The article provides an overview of the study of the depressive states, anxiety and copying strategies issues in the Russian modern research literature. The purpose of the work is to determine the tendency to depressive states, anxiety and copying strategies among male and female students of various universities in St. Petersburg in the amount of 101 people, 50 of them boys and 51 girls aged 17–24 years. The following research methods are used: Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in T.I. Balashova’s adaptation, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for identifying personal and situational anxiety in Yu.L. Khanin adaptation, The Lazarus coping test in T.L. Kryukova’s and E.V. Kuftyak’s adaptation. Statistical methods for processing empirical data include descriptive statistics by group, Mann–Whitney U test, correlation analysis, factor analysis. The authors present a general characteristic of students in terms of the studied phenomena. The researchers found differences between search for social support, flight-avoidance, positive reassessment, situational anxiety indicators in boys and girls with greater severity of average values in girls. Correlation analysis revealed both common and distinct relationships for male and female students. The following factors were identified using factor analysis: “Predictors of personal anxiety and tendency to depression,” “Constructive strategies for coping with difficult situations,” “Confrontation against situational anxiety,” characterizing features of students’ coping with depression and anxiety.

The Dark Side of Online Support Groups: Conflictual Experiences in Single-Child Parents’ Facebook Groups

This study draws on intersectionality and reproductive identity as conceptual frameworks to investigate the motivation and experience of Israeli voluntary single-child parents in online support groups (OSGs) for the parents of only children. A qualitative analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews revealed that the social stigma attached to having one child was a significant factor in their decision to join an OSG for all single-child parents. However, once becoming members of the group, voluntary single-child parents experienced conflictual encounters with their involuntary counterparts and felt stigmatized in the OSG as well. This led them to create their own OSG exclusively for voluntary single-child parents. The interviewees coped with their conflictual OSG membership experience by “cruising” between the two OSGs in a search for social support. Membership in both groups enabled them to gain support for the two distinct components of their reproductive identity: reproductive status; and reproductive decision-making. The findings extend the conceptual framework of intersectionality to OSG research, demonstrating how the interplay between multiple stigmatized identities shapes OSG options, choices, and experiences.

Development of Psychology Students’ Self-Regulation in the Process of Professional Training

The paper presents the results of an empirical study of the dynamics of self-regulation indicators of first-year psychology students in the process of studying the course “Psychology of self-regulation.” The study aims to clarify how the indicators of self-regulation ability of first-year psychology students change during the study of a semester course, “Psychology of self-regulation” (from late February to early June 2021), and to find out how the correlations between individual parameters of self-regulation alter. Research results of students (which are made at the beginning and the end of the study of the course) are described and compared according to theoretical, empirical (psychodiagnostic), and statistical methods. The following indicators of self-regulation are studied: self-control in the emotional sphere, self-control in activity, self-control in behavior (social self-control), and a few coping ways (confrontational coping, search for social support, problem-solving planning, self-control, distancing, positive reassessment, acceptance of responsibility, escape-avoidance), as well as alexithymia. It was found that (at the beginning of the study) psychology students had mostly the average level of all studied indicators, except for the coping way “escape-avoidance” (which was at a high level) and a level of alexithymia (a little higher). After studying the course “Psychology of self-regulation,” which took place during one semester along with the study of other psychological courses, changes in the studied indicators were revealed: the indicators of self-control and confrontational coping increased; the level of escape-avoidance decreased. Correlation analysis was performed between all scales of the first and second surveys.

Волевые качества и копинг-стратегии личности у сотрудников полиции

For the successful performance of official tasks by police officers, they need a certain level of formation of professionally important qualities that contribute to overcoming stressful, conflict, difficult situations. Such qualities in particular include coping and will. The purpose of the article is to empirically test the hypothesis about the relationship between the volitional qualities of a person and coping strategies among police officers.
 The article deals with the relationship between coping strategies and volitional qualities of a person. Theoretical grounds for relationships are given, based on the concepts of the volitional sphere of personality and coping. Theoretical assumptions are tested empirically using correlation analysis. Correlations of personal volitional qualities with such coping strategies as «self-control», «search for social support», «acceptance responsibility», «avoidance», «decision making».
 Conclusions.1) In general, the volitional qualities of the personality of police officers are developed at a high level. Separate volitional qualities of the personality of the employees are developed at a uniformly high level, which indicates the harmony of the volitional sphere of the police officers. 2) The relationship of volitional qualities and coping strategies is ambiguous. The coping strategies of «accepting responsibility» and «avoidance» among strong-willed police officers are more pronounced. The coping strategy «decision making» among employees with pronounced volitional qualities is less developed.

DETERMINATION OF THE MANIFESTATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROTECTION AND COPING BEHAVIOR IN STUDENTS OF 1-4 COURSES

The aim is to determine the manifestation of psychological protection and the use of coping strategies to overcome difficult life situations in 1st and 4th year students. Material and methods. 60 students of the National University of Food Technologies were examined: 1st year students – 30 (50%), 4th year students – 30 (50%) individuals. To determine the manifestation of psychological protection in students, the questionnaire method "Life Style Index" by R. Plutchyk, H. Kellerman (Life Style Index, LSI) was used. Results. The following coping strategies prevail among first-year students: confrontational coping (33.3%), search for social support (20%), self-control (10%). Among the mechanisms of psychological protection are substitution (26.67%), displacement (16.67%) and denial (23.33%). High self-control (23.3%), acceptance of responsibility (20%) and problem-oriented coping (16.67%) prevail among students of the 4th year. Such psychological defense mechanisms as compensation (26.67%), hypercompensation (17%), and rationalization (13.33%) dominate. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, students of the 1st year are characterized by avoiding a difficult situation and shifting responsibility to others, while students of the 4th year are characterized by analyzing and solving a difficult situation. Among the mechanisms of psychological protection for students of the 1st year, substitution prevails, for students of the 4th year - compensation

Coping behavior for social phobia

Social phobias remain widespread disorders, with only a small proportion of people seeking qualified help. In addition, at the moment there is a lack of comprehensive studies of coping behavior in social phobias. In this regard, a comprehensive study of this phenomenon becomes relevant. This work includes issues of social frustration and social support, as well as the level of perceived stress, which allows a more holistic view of the process of coping with stress. The article describes the results of a study of coping behavior in individuals with different levels of social anxiety. The study was conducted online. The sample consisted of 197 respondents: 56 of them had a low level of social anxiety, 79 had an average level, 41 respondents had an extremely high level of social anxiety, which allows us to speak about the presence of certain manifestations of social phobia. The following methods were used in the study: Social Anxiety and Social Phobia Questionnaire; Ways of coping behavior; personal questionnaire Big 5 adapted by D.P.Yanichev; Multidimensional scale of perception of social support in the adaptation of V.M.Yaltonsky and N.A. Sirota; The level of social frustration and the Scale of perceived stress — 10. The results of the study indicate an increased level of perceived stress and a lack of coping resources in a group of people with social phobia. In turn, the coping strategies of this group are not balanced: there is a predominance of avoidance with a rare use of problem solving planning, the search for social support and positive reassessment. In addition, the level of social frustration for the group of people with social phobias is higher than for the average and low levels of social anxiety. In general terms, we can talk about maladaptive coping behavior in individuals with social phobia.

Psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies in people with disability and traumatic spinal cord injury with different levels of neuropsychiatric adaptation

BACKGROUND:Despite the multitude of publications on the mechanisms of psychological adaptation in people with spinal and spinal cord injuries, there is a shortage of complex studies that explore the features of these mechanisms depending on the level of neuropsychic adaptation.
 AIM:This study aimed to explore the relationships between the mechanisms of psychological adaptation and the level of neuropsychic adaptation in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.
 Material and methods:Altogether, 80 patients with 3 years of traumatic spinal cord injury were examined: 65 (81.2%) were men, and 15 (18.8%) were women. The mean age was 37.511.61 years, and 46 (57.5%) patients had paraplegia and 34 (42.5%) had tetraplegia. The level of neuropsychic adaptation was determined using the I.N. Gurvich test: a person is considered psychologically adapted if the sum score ranges from 0 to 20, and a person is considered maladapted if the sum score is 20. Psychological defense mechanisms were assessed using the Lifestyle Index of PlutchikKellerman. To determine strategies for coping with stress, we used the Ways of Coping Questionnaire of Folkman and Lazarus.
 Results:According to the findings, 64.6% of the participants had manifestations of neuropsychiatric maladaptation due to aspects of personality development and personal background. Psychologically maladapted individuals had a higher intensity of defense mechanisms (regression, compensation/identification, substitution, and projection) and coping strategies (escapeavoidance, search for social support, and confrontation). Positive correlations were found between the total index of defense intensity and levels of maladaptive coping (escapeavoidance, confrontation, distancing, acceptance of responsibility, and self-control).
 Conclusion:People with traumatic spinal cord disease and symptoms of neuropsychiatric maladaptation tend to have a combination of an increased level of tension of psychological defenses with the actualization of regression, substitution, compensation/identification, and projection. People with traumatic spinal cord disease were also found to have a preference for coping strategies aimed primarily at avoiding the problem and reducing emotional discomfort.

COPING STRATEGIES AND MAINTAINING PRODUCTIVITY IN STRESSFUL SITUATIONS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of theoretical and empirical research of students’ coping strategies and the connection of coping with the preservation of productivity and high functionality in stressful situations (in relation to the results of diagnosis of students’ procrastination). Theoretical analysis of the specifics of the effectiveness of coping strategies is presented. The empirical study involved 66 students of 2-4 courses. Diagnosis of coping tension was performed using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, WCQ (R. Lazarus) and "Tuckman General Procrastination Scale (adapted by T. L. Kryukova)". The results of an empirical study of students' coping have been analyzed. It has been found that the most often behavioral strategies to which students apply are: planning (57.5%) and positive reassessment (56.6%); the search for social support, acceptance of responsibility and self-control are equally pronounced (31.8%); distancing, avoidance, and confrontational coping are less common. The severity and dominance of coping strategies in groups of respondents with different levels of procrastination have been analyzed. According to the results, the most developed behavioral strategies for students with low procrastination are positive reassessment and planning (the latter is more often represented by the dominant strategy). Among the group with a medium level of procrastination, these two copings are also equally pronounced. However, there is a lack of tension in other, active behavioral strategies. Among people with a high level of procrastination, the statistical predominance of one or another coping is not recorded, we widely observe the severity of only one or two strategies, or low tension of all presented copings. After analyzing the dominant copings of people with low procrastination, a hypothesis was formulated about the possible inverse correlation between the severity of positive revaluation and procrastination, the test was performed by mathematical data processing (Spearman's correlation analysis). No significant correlations were found, so the hypothesis was not confirmed. The results of empirical research can be used both to develop recommendations, developmental and educational activities aimed at preventing the decline in productivity and efficiency, and to highlight the understudied topic of the links between coping strategies and the phenomenon of procrastination.

Comparative analysis of priority coping strategies of student teachers of various courses

In the article, the author presents the results of an empirical study conducted as part of a master's thesis. The article is devoted to the study and comparison of the preferred coping strategies of coping behavior of students-teachers of different courses. The study involved students of the second and fourth courses in the amount of 99 people. Analysis of the study conducted by the author using the Mann-Whitney U test showed only one statistically significant difference between groups of students of different courses — in the parameter "Taking responsibility". The level of application of this coping strategy among fourth-year students is significantly higher than among second-year students. The data obtained in the course of the study allow us to conclude that, in general, the priority coping strategies for the coping behavior of future teachers are constructive strategies that contribute to solving the problem that has arisen, namely: self-control, planning, problem solving and positive reassessment. At the same time, the "flight-avoidance" strategy has a rather high rate in both groups of subjects. Respondents of both groups least often resort to such destructive coping strategies as confrontational coping and distancing. The results obtained for the parameter "search for social support" have equally high data in both groups of subjects, which allows us to conclude that there is a need for psychological support and support for students. The conducted comparative static analysis showed that with all the variety of coping strategies of coping behavior periodically used by all participants in the study, fourth-year students slightly, but still more often, use constructive behavior strategies in difficult and conflict situations compared to second-year students.