Seam Areas Research Articles

Research on the Distribution of Overlying Rock Fractures Caused by Mining in Ultra-Thick Coal Seams and Its Impact on the Near-Surface Aquifer

Near-surface water is the foundation for maintaining the ecological environment, and coal remains an important energy source in today’s world as we face a shortage of green energy. Achieving near-surface-water protection while safely mining coal is an important way to ensure social and ecological health and sustainability. The key lies in whether the fracture height of the mining overlying strata affects the aquifer. This article compiles the coupling finite element and discrete element method (CFE-DEM) and established mechanical constitutive models such as the interaction between rock blocks on both sides of the penetrated fracture, rock mass fracture process, and the plastic deformation law of rocks based on the results of mining-induced overlying rock failure. On this basis, a numerical calculation model is established based on the engineering geological conditions of the Beixinyao Coal Mine. The numerical simulation results indicate that the theory and the CFE-DEM method can numerically simulate the distribution and evolution of mining-induced overlying rock fractures. The water-conducting fractures in the overlying strata of extra-thick coal seams extend to the front of the working face in a trapezoidal shape, and the angle formed between them and the advancing direction ranges from 62° to 75°. Combined with the in situ measurement results, the height of the water-conducting fracture zone of the extra-thick coal seam is between 209 m and 230 m; the fractures were not found to have affected the aquifer at a vertical distance of 252 m from the coal seam. This means that the impact of ultra-thick coal seam mining on the aquifer is very limited. The research is of great significance for ensuring coal mining and surface ecological sustainability in ultra-thick coal seam areas.

Nonlinear wrap-folding of membranes with predefined creases and seams

The investigation of folding processes of aerospace membrane structures holds significant importance due to the limited volume of launch vehicles. This paper presents a simulation system for membrane wrap-folding with predefined creases and seams. To transform non-rigid foldable configurations into rigid foldable ones, the methods of adding creases and cutting strategies are introduced. The formulation of constraint equations for the hinged rod system model enables the analysis of the rigid folding motion. A two-stage folding strategy is also implemented for fully folding, consisting of an initial rigid folding stage followed by an additional displacement folding stage. By incorporating the crease strategy and employing a two-stage driving mode, the stress levels throughout the folding process are minimized. Furthermore, accounts for the presence of seam areas, placing the seam at the crease creates wrinkles smaller when folded. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of membrane folding behavior, leading to advancements in their design and application.

Research on Improved Multi-Channel Image Stitching Technology Based on Fast Algorithms

The image registration and fusion process of image stitching algorithms entails significant computational costs, and the use of robust stitching algorithms with good performance is limited in real-time applications on PCs (personal computers) and embedded systems. Fast image registration and fusion algorithms suffer from problems such as ghosting and dashed lines, resulting in suboptimal display effects on the stitching. Consequently, this study proposes a multi-channel image stitching approach based on fast image registration and fusion algorithms, which enhances the stitching effect on the basis of fast algorithms, thereby augmenting its potential for deployment in real-time applications. First, in the image registration stage, the gridded Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) method was used to improve the matching efficiency of feature points, and the Grid-based Motion Statistics (GMS) algorithm with a bidirectional rough matching method was used to improve the matching accuracy of feature points. Then, the optimal seam algorithm was used in the image fusion stage to obtain the seam line and construct the fusion area. The seam and transition areas were fused using the fade-in and fade-out weighting algorithm to obtain smooth and high-quality stitched images. The experimental results demonstrate the performance of our proposed method through an improvement in image registration and fusion metrics. We compared our approach with both the original algorithm and other existing methods and achieved significant improvements in eliminating stitching artifacts such as ghosting and discontinuities while maintaining the efficiency of fast algorithms.

An experimental and numerical investigation of energy absorption of sportswear in seam area

This study aims to investigate the energy absorption of seam areas in sportswear. Weft knitted fabrics with two structures of plain and rib were fabricated by polyester/Lycra and viscose/ Lycra yarns. Fabrics were stitched in two stitch classes. Moreover, two types of seams were considered. A pull-out test was carried out on all samples to determine the energy absorption values. Furthermore, a finite element model was applied to predict the energy absorption of each structure. The unit cell of each sample was created in ABAQUS software and the tensile load was applied to the stitch yarn. The unit cells of the fabric and the stitched section were modeled in the meso-scale and then elastic and viscoelastic properties of the yarns were assigned to the model. The energy absorption of the sample with rib pattern, lapped seam, and 607 stitch class was more than other samples. Also, the numerical and experimental results showed a high correlation with each other in samples with 304 stitch class and flat seam type.

Creation of natural typing of sections of different thickness of the C8H coal seam of the «Dniprovska» mine (Ukraine) according to the germanium content

The method of creating an objective (natural) typification of sections of the coal seam of the Dniprovska mine of different capacities according to germanium concentrations has been established and substantiated. The constructed dendrograms of clustering of coal seam areas by Ge content can be used as a basis for developing a natural typification of coal seams for geological and economic evaluation. This will make it possible to make maximum use of already available information and interpret the obtained results in geological and genetic concepts, which provides the possibility of its use for the complex use of mineral raw materials, solving strategic issues of sustainable development of Ukraine.

Methods of configuration test and deformation analysis for large airship

In recent years, high-altitude aerostats have been increasingly developed in the direction of multi-functionality and large size. Due to the large size and the high flexibility, new challenges for large aerostats have appeared in the configuration test and the deformation analysis. The methods of the configuration test and the deformation analysis for large airship have been researched and discussed. A tested method of the configuration, named internal scanning, is established to quickly obtain the spatial information of all surfaces for the large airship by the three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning technology. By using the surface wrap method, the configuration parameters of the large airship are calculated. According to the test data of the configuration, the structural dimensions such as the distances between the characteristic sections are measured. The method of the deformation analysis for the airship contains the algorithm of non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) and the finite element (FE) method. The algorithm of NURBS is used to obtain the reconfiguration model of the large airship. The seams are considered and the seam areas are divided. The FE model of the middle part of the large airship is established. The distributions of the stress and the strain for the large airship are obtained by the FE method. The position of the larger deformation for the airship is found.

Machine Vision-Based Object Detection Strategy for Weld Area

For the noisy industrial environment, the welded parts will have different types of defects in the weld area during the welding process, which need to be polished, and there are disadvantages such as low efficiency and high labor intensity when polishing manually; machine vision is used to automate the polishing and achieve continuous and efficient work. In this study, the Faster R-CNN object detection algorithm of two-stage is used to investigate the relationship between flops and the number of network parameters on the model by using a V-shaped welded thick plate as the research object and establishing the workpiece dataset with different lighting and angles, using six regional candidate networks for migration learning, comparing the convergence degree of different Batch and Mini-Batch on the model, and exploring the relationship between flops and the number of network parameters on the model. The optimal learning rate is selected for training to form a weld area object detection network based on the weld plate workpiece under few samples. The study shows that the VGG16 model is the best in weld seam area recognition with 91.68% average accuracy and 25.02 ms average detection time in the validation set, which can effectively identify weld seam areas in various industrial environments and provide location information for subsequent automatic grinding of robotic arms.

Optimization of Indirect Fracturing Process Parameters Based on Mechanical Properties of Fractured and Low-Permeability Coal

The coal-bed methane (CBM) resources in soft and low-permeability coals are assumed to be as much as 15 × 1012 m3 in China. Indirect fracturing technology can be an effective method to successfully extract methane within soft coals. The key to the success of this technique is to optimize the parameters, such as water injection flow rate and fracture initiation location, so that the hydraulic fracturing parameters enable the fractures to pass through the interface between coal and rock and propagate sufficiently into the coal. This paper focuses on solving the above problems by focusing on discontinuities and plastic characteristics of soft coals. Voronoi polyhedron was used to simulate the discontinuities of coal, and the constitutive relations of ductile fracture-seepage and elastoplastic damage-seepage are, respectively, given to the discontinuities and coal matrix. A numerical model was established based on the above theory to simulate the effect of stress difference Δσ, coal-rock interface friction coefficient fc,r, water injection flow rate i w , and distance between the well and the interface Dop on indirect fracturing fractures. The results show that the HFs area in the coal is positively correlated with Δσ, fc,r, and i w , and it first increases and then decreases with the decrease of Dop. The above results were applied in the Zhaozhuang mine of Qinshui Basin by optimizing Dop = 1 m and iw = 8 m3/min, so that CBM production has been greatly increased. The results can provide theoretical support for the efficient development of CBM in fractured and low-permeability coal seam areas.

Method of clusterization of c6 coal seam zones of different thickness in the Dniprovska mine field by germanium concentration

In the article, based on the conducted research and analysis of the results of clustering, the most effective method of creating objective typification of zones of coal seam c6 of the Dniprovska Mine of different thickness according to germanium concentrations was established. The typification procedure is a systematization of objects according to a priori specified features. Cluster analysis, taxonomy, pattern recognition, and factor analysis are usually used for this purpose. The authors of the article carried out clustering using various methods implemented in the most different professional statistical software platforms, performed their analysis and justified the choice of the most optimal of them. The optimal method of clustering areas of different thicknesses of the coal seam was determined. The analysis of the dendrogram of the results of clustering by the weighted centroid-median method of the sites of the c6 seam by germanium content, unlike others, allows not only to achieve the most stable division of the entire set of sites under consideration, but also to maximize the visualization of their division by classes at different scale levels in the absence of a priori hypotheses regarding the number clusters and their forms. At the same time, the structure of clusters is clearly distinguished, regardless of the scale level of their formation, and the sequence of combining individual deposits and their groups into the resulting cluster is clearly traced. These advantages make it possible to make maximum use of already existing information for the development of natural typifications of с6 coal seam areas by germanium content and to interpret the obtained results in geological terms. It was established that the weighted centroid median method of cluster analysis is the most optimal for the subjectivity-free researcher to divide the sections of coal seam c6 of the Dniprovska Mine field according to germanium content into taxa. The constructed dendrograms of the clustering of deposits by germanium content can be used as a basis for the development of a natural typification of the coal seams of the Dniprovska Mine for their subsequent geological and economic assessment. This, in turn, will make it possible to make maximum use of already available information and interpret the obtained results in geological and genetic concepts, which will provide the opportunity to use it for the complex use of mineral raw materials and to solve strategic issues of sustainable development of Ukraine. Keywords: cluster analysis, coal seam, germanium, clusters, taxa, dendrogram of clustering results, weighted centroid method.

The relationship of germanium concentrations and the thickness of the c8h coal seam of the “Dniprovska” coal mine

The research devoted to the study and analysis of the influence of the thickness for the с8н coal seam of the Dniprovska coal mine on the content of germanium and elaboration of an objective (natural) typifying of the coal seam areas of different thickness according to the element’s concentration. The study is based on the data set of 370 samples of germanium and other impurity elements (so called "small elements") as well as measurements of seam thickness, ash content and sulfur content of coal performed in the central certified laboratories of geological production and exploration enterprises of Ukraine derived from the matter of formation samples obtained by production and research enterprises and companies. In order to bring the samples to the same scale, the raw data were normalized. In order to achieve the purpose of the study laboratory and statistical methods of research were applied, taking into account and interpreting the obtained results in terms of geological concept. During the research, the clustering of seam sections of different thickness according to germanium content was carried out using the weighted centroid median method, which was implemented in the statistical software platforms that provided the analysis of the clustering results. The implementation of the approach outlined in the article makes it possible to propose a natural typifying of areas based on the thickness of the coal seam according to the germanium content. The analysis of the modeling results shows that they comply with so-called "Zilbermints’ law", i.e. an empirical regularity that describes enrichment of some elements (predominant germanium enrichment) in the near-contact zones of coal seams. The thickness of such layers usually does not exceed 0.2 - 0.3 m. The novelty of the study is determining of the relationships for the differential influence of the coal seam thickness of the Dniprovska coal mine on the content of germanium as well as development of a natural typifying for areas with different thickness of the seam of the Dniprovska mine according to the concentration of the elements. The practical approach implies method and an algorithm of actions that allow to distinguish between natural seams, seams with similar germanium content as well as genetically related areas, which provides the possibility of the most efficient planning of operational and technological measures and the implementation of their most probable geological and economic assessment, which aimed at extracting germanium from coal. Keywords: germanium, coal seam, regression analysis, cluster analysis, distribution histogram, normalized content.

Study on Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels With Weld Seams

Stainless steels are widely used in various industries due to their desirable combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, corrosion of stainless steels was reported seriously on the weld seam areas, and it is not exceptive for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). In the present study, MIC resistance of two austenitic stainless steels (A1, A2 for short) and a duplex stainless steel (D1 for short) with weld seams were comparatively studied by measurement of average and maximum pit depths and electrochemical tests. Experimental results showed that the pit depth on the weld seam was much deeper than that on the base metal for all the stainless steels. The variations of linear polarization resistance (RLPR) values on base metal and weld seam showed that weld seam could promote MIC. Thus the study indicated that the weld seam accelerated the MIC. In addition, A1 steel with higher Cu content showed the best MIC resistance, followed by A2 steel with lower Cu content, and D1 steel without Cu addition exhibited the worst resistance to MIC, indicating that Cu addition in stainless steels is speculated to be beneficial to the MIC resistance. The mechanisms of Cu improving the MIC resistance in the stainless steels were discussed.

Research on Mine Water Inrush from Rocky Ground Cracks in Shallow Buried Seam in the Condition of Heavy Rain

Mine water inrush from rocky ground cracks is a major form of water inrush from the roof of shallow coal seams in gully areas, especially under heavy rainfall conditions, surface flooding poses a greater threat to the safety of mine production. In order to study the law of mine water inrush from rocky ground cracks in the gully under heavy rainfall conditions in shallow coal seam areas. Take a coal mine in the Carboniferous-Permian system in northern Shaanxi as an example. By predicting the flood flow in the surface gully under different rainfall conditions, summarize and analyze the development characteristics of surface cracks in different working faces, the calculation formula for flood flow of surface channel cracks in shallow coal seam mines is used to predict the water burst at different working faces. Comparing the calculation results of mine water inrush from rocky ground cracks with the actual mine water inrush from rocky ground cracks in surface gully of a certain working face, it is found that the calculated value and the actual water value are small, which can meet the forecast demand of mine water inrush from rocky ground cracks in surface gully. The research results provide a practical method for predicting the amount of mine water inrush from rocky ground cracks in shallow coal seam trenches in the valley area, which can more accurately predict the amount of mine water inrush from rocky ground cracks, which is of great significance to the prevention and control of mine water hazard caused by surface water in shallow coal seam areas.

Investigation of sewing and water repellent performance of outdoor clothing

PurposeDurability of textile materials under wet conditions has become very important in recent years. The water repellency performance of fabrics should be maintained in the seam areas. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of water repellent agents and sewing threads on the seam and water repellency performance properties of woven fabrics.Design/methodology/approach100 percent polyester woven fabrics were treated with three different water repellent finishing agents (silicone, fluorocarbons with 6 and 8 carbons) and then sewn with different sewing threads (unfinished/water repellent finished polyester/cotton corespun and polyamide filament). Afterwards, mechanical properties, seam performance and water repellency properties of these materials were measured.FindingsThe effect of finishing which was statistically significant on seam strength only in warp direction was significant on seam elongation and efficiency in both warp and weft directions. Seam strength, seam efficiency, seam slippage and seam pucker of fabrics sewn with polyamide threads were higher than others. The fluorocarbons applied to the fabrics gave higher water repellency values than silicones. In addition, as the chain length increased in fluorocarbons, water repellency performance increased. Sewing process reduced water resistance of fabrics; however, water repellent finish applied to the threads increased water resistance of fabrics.Originality/valueAs a result of the literature review, it was seen that water repellency property of a wear were studied in only seamless areas of fabrics. Originality of this study is that the water repellency properties are also analyzed in the seam areas of the fabrics and evaluated together with the seam performance characteristics.

Biofilm activity on corrosion of API 5L X65 steel weld bead.

This work aimed to identify microbial colonization and biocorrosion in welded seam areas of API 5 L X65 carbon steel, since microorganisms are ubiquitous and there is a lack of information on their biological and electrochemical interactions with these structures. In the present study, polished and unpolished welded coupons prepared by shielded metal arc welding were assayed to identify the effect of surface roughness and local changes in the metal microstructure on microbial colonization. Experiments were performed in glass cell vessels with fresh and sterile seawater to establish the presence or absence of microorganisms. For comparison, nonwelded coupons were simultaneously tested as a control. On the 15th day, both polished and unpolished welded coupons and the nonwelded coupons immersed in fresh seawater showed microbial colonization, though the corrosion products were more abundant for the welded coupons. Nevertheless, unpolished welded coupons showed a higher predominance of pitting around the beads than polished coupons. These results suggest that filler material creates conditions more favorable for biofilm development, thus intensifying the localized corrosion on the welds. It can be concluded that adhesion and subsequent biocorrosion are directly influenced by surface roughness, whereas microstructural modifications due to welding interfere little with microbial adhesion, regardless of the greater pit depths compared to those of nonwelded coupons. Additionally, although open circuit potential measurements indicated that metal surfaces are protected when coated with biofilms, pitting corrosion was more pronounced in welded coupons immersed in fresh seawater than in those immersed in seawater without microorganisms. Therefore, the use of open circuit analysis alone is not recommended for biocorrosion monitoring of welded coupons.

An automated non-destructive testing system for seam bondings in automotive serial production

The joining process of seam bond is used in automobile construction because of the non-visible joints on mounted parts such as doors, hoods or luggage compartment doors. With these components, a structure-providing inner panel is joined with the outer panel, which is visible to the customer. Besides providing stability, particularly in the event of a crash, the joining level is also filled with adhesive to increase the stability and to prevent the ingress of moisture that causes corrosion. These mechanical connections must be tested to ensure that the requirements for proper bonding have been met. As the destructive test used today requires metallographic laboratory with special trained personnel, significant scrap cost and a time consuming process control loop, considerable efforts are being made to develop a capable non-destructive and as far as possible in-line test method. State of the art non-destructive inspection systems for seam bonds are insufficient regarding full part accessibility and reliability in terms of detectability and validation. This paper is focussed on new developed free configurable three-transducer ultrasonic phased array technology including algorithms for data validation and evaluation for an automated process control loop in the automotive car body shop. The paper end with an statistical classification based on an 5-month measurement campaign under industrial in-line conditions. In a first step, a list of possible defects was collected and the detectability in different seam areas was calculated by sound field simulation of the amplitude signals. Second, based on the results from simulation, a measurement setup as excitation sequence was defined. Based on the theoretical findings a inspection system was designed and realized. Within a measurement campaign the inspection system was evaluated in terms of detectability of minimal defect size under non-laboratory conditions. This includes a permanent proof of coupling conditions, monitoring of misalignments, e.g. tilting and surface defects of the car body. In the last step, the testing system is build up and tested within the assembly line. These measurement results show that the identification of common process defects is possible.

Green and Sustainable Mining: Underground Coal Mine Fully Mechanized Solid Dense Stowing-Mining Method

China produces and consumes most of coal in the world. This situation is expected to continue within a certain period in the future. Currently, Chinese coal industry is confronted with several serious problems relating to land resource, water resource, environmental, and ecological sustainability. Coal resource exploitation causes the permanent fracture and movement of strata structure, which have caused the fracture and collapse of overlying strata and further led to the subsidence of ground surface as well as the seepage of water in aquifers around the coal seam, which has resulted not only in the loss of land and water resources, but also in serious threats and accidents to underground mining. On the other hand, mining and mineral-processing wastes are one of the world’s long plagued concerns among solid wastes. Coal gangue, as the major waste with a huge amount of discharge, has not only occupied the land, but has also contaminated the ambient land resources and hydrological environment, and further led to ecological system destruction and degradation. What is more, in China there are large amounts of coal—located under railways, buildings, and water bodies—which are unavailable with traditional mining methods. These problems are obviously threaten the concept of green sustainable development. This paper introduces a novel developed solid dense stowing mining method, which is able to significantly reduce or event eliminate the corresponding damages caused by underground mining behavior and realize green and sustainable development. The novelty of this research work is realizing the automation and synchronization of mining and material stowing with an appropriate compaction ratio for adequate support of goaf roof. It can improve the stability of rock strata and the safety and efficiency of underground mining. We also studied and designed a perfect stowing material by using coal gangue and fly ash with appropriate proportions under different particle size gradations. By implementation of the above-mentioned methods in China, the solid dense stowing rate of mined seam areas have reached more than 95% and the overburden strata movements have been reduced to extremely low level which had nearly no damages to above buildings. The solid dense stowing mining method has also realized the reuse and recycling of coal mine solid wastes. Meanwhile, considerable previously unavailable coal resources under buildings, railways, and water bodies have been made available for exploration, which could extend the life of coal mines and increase the sustainability for coal industry and the environment. Ultimately, this method is a reliable way to realize green and sustainable mining. The strata structure protection, the surface subsidence prevention, and coal mine solid waste disposal have been realized at the same time.

Innovative hybrid welding process for structural steelwork engineering—Laser submerged arc hybrid welding

The welding of thick metal sheets has become increasingly important for structural steelwork engineering applications (e.g., pipe- or crane building). Nowadays, welding tasks are performed using a time-consuming conventional submerged arc welding process. Here, a large number of welding passes are necessary, which leads to a thermally induced distortion. Therefore, there is a high demand for a welding process which allows a cost-effective welding of thick metal sheets. By the development of a laser beam submerged-arc hybrid welding process (LUPuS), a technique is created which combines the high penetration depth of the laser with the high thermal efficiency of the submerged arc process. This leads to synergy effects which predestine LUPuS for the given welding task. Earlier projects have shown a general feasibility of LUPuS. Steel plates with thicknesses of up to 50 mm have been joined without any welding issues using the double-sided single pass technique. However, different results of the notch impact test in the laser beam-dominated and submerged arc-dominated welding areas are noticeable. This contribution will demonstrate the effect on the mechanical-technological properties in the different welding seam areas by changing the flux and the wire of the submerged arc welding process. In order to investigate these properties, impact strength tests have been performed. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of the molten pool was studied. Furthermore, the results of the investigation of the weld metal structure are presented.

Ещё раз об автоматической расшифровке рентгеновских снимков сварных швов

Introduction. This article is dedicated to a possible approach to automatic inspection of welded joints X-Ray images. This problem is very urgent but there is no established practice of the automated X-Ray images inspection and image objects recognition. The purpose of the article was to highlight the tasks included in the X-Ray interpretation process that can be automated, and to offer possible solutions. 
 Method. Analysis and interpretation of images were made using "X-Vizor" software by “Newcom-NDT”.
 Results. Studies have shown that the straight and elliptical seam areas could be recognized automatically. It provides the possibility for a signal-noise ratio to be automatically measured. Wire image quality indicators and grooving gages also could be recognized automatically in approximately 80% cases. So it is possible to automatically calculate the sensitivity of the inspection. It is also achievable to automatically determine the basic spatial resolution using duplex wire image quality indicator. But the task of automation of defect recognition is still not solved. The possible alternative was offered. It is semi automation of defects recognition and analysis. This procedure needs the human to take part in image interpretation process. 
 Conclusion. The conclusion is that the total automation of digital X-Ray image interpretation of welded joints is now unavailable. Nevertheless using automation algorithms in all parts of interpretation process where it is possible can highly increase the performance of the inspection and its reliability.

PEG를 가소제로 사용한 장용성 연질캡슐의 코팅 품질 특성

본 연구에서는 장용성 연질캡슐 코팅가소제로서 PEG(polyethylene glycol)의 활용가능성에 대하여 알아보고자 PEG의 분자량 및 첨가 농도에 따른 코팅 품질을 확인하였으며, 기존에 보고된 가소제인 AMG(acetylated monoglyceride)와 triacetin을 사용하여 코팅된 장용성 연질캡슐의 품질 특성을 비교하였다. PEG 분자량(400, 4,000, 6,000)에 따른 코팅 품질에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 PEG 첨가 농도의 경우 고형분 대비 5% PEG를 사용한 코팅에서는 연질캡슐피막 접착부에서 코팅 필름 갈라짐이 발생하였으며, PEG 첨가량이 낮을수록 인공장액에서의 붕해시간이 연장되고 백색도가 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. 용출시험에서 용출의 초기 구간(30~90분)에서는 PEG의 용출 속도가 상대적으로 빠른 모습을 나타내었으며, PEG, AMG 및 triacetin 간의 유의적 차이가 일부 시점에서 관찰되었으나 전체적인 용출 양상은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 PEG 코팅에 비해 AMG와 triacetin 코팅의 경우 백색도가 유의적으로 높았고 가속조건인 고온다습한 환경에서 2개월간 보관 후에 코팅 필름이 갈라졌으며, 붕해시험에서 부적합한 결과를 확인하였다. 결론적으로 우수한 물리?화학적 특성으로 의약품 등에 널리 사용되는 첨가제인 PEG는 장용성 연질캡슐 코팅가소제로서 활용가능성이 충분하다고 판단하였다.

Occurrence Features of Coalbed Methane in Inclined Coal Seam of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang

Junggar Basin is located in north Xinjiang and it has a huge amount of coalbed methane resources with less exploration and mining. The most vital characteristic in junggar basin is coal dip angel and gas content varies a lot in different areas. This paper reveals the relationship between gas content and coal seam dip angel, bigger the coal seam dip angel lower the gas content. The target area of CBM exploration and mining in junggar basin is HEGSH-STH area, HEGSHX area, BSMY-JJM area,LJM area, KLMY area, HSTLG area and XZJQ area. Gas content is mainly influenced by tectonic movement in junggar basin, it is low in complex structure area and high in simple structure area. Inclination of the coal seam stands for the complexity of the structure in junggar basin, the structure is complex when the coal seam is steep, it is simple when the coal seam is flat. The result can be used as a new method for coalbed methane exploration and development in inclined coal seam areas, small coal dip area should be chosen as the high gas content target.