Screening Stage Research Articles

Analisis Hubungan Techno-Overload terhadap Kelelahan Emosional dan Kinerja Karyawan: Tinjauan Literatur Review

The adaptation of technology by organizations often leads to techno-overload, a situation where technology forces users to work faster and longer, resulting in decreased performance and increased stress. This research aims to identify the relationship between techno-overload to performance, and emotional exhaustion of employees through the theoretical basis of definitions and findings from several experts. The method used was a systematic literature review following the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Articles were collected from the Scopus database. From this process, 15 selected articles were analyzed in depth to explore the relationship between techno-overload, performance, and emotional exhaustion. The results showed that techno-overload, a situation where individuals feel overwhelmed by the technology they have to use, can lead to emotional exhaustion. Individuals who experience emotional exhaustion tend to feel physically and emotionally drained, thus unable to give their best in their work. In addition, emotional exhaustion also reduces employees' motivation and ability to contribute to their full potential, which ultimately results in decreased performance and difficulty in maintaining concentration. This research indicates that organizations need to manage techno-overload well to reduce its negative impact on emotional exhaustion and improve employee performance.

Virtual screening of drug materials for pharmaceutical tablet manufacturability with reference to sticking

The manufacturing of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms, such as tablets involves a large number of successive processing operations including crystallisation of the drug substance, granulation, drying, milling, mixing of the formulation, and compaction. Each step is fraught with manufacturing problems. Undesired adhesion of powders to the surface of the compaction tooling, known as sticking, is a frequent and highly disruptive problem that occurs at the very end of the process chain when the tablet is formed. As an alternative to the mechanistic approaches to address sticking, we introduce two different machine learning strategies to predict sticking directly from the chemical formula of the drug substance, represented by molecular descriptors. An empirical database for sticking behaviour was developed and used to train the machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict sticking properties from molecular descriptors. The ML model has successfully classified sticking/non-sticking behaviour of powders with 100% separation. Predictions were made for materials in the handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients and a subset of molecules included in the ChemBL database, demonstrating the potential use of machine learning approaches to screen for sticking propensity early at drug discovery and development stages. This is the first-time molecular descriptors and machine learning were used to predict and screen for sticking behaviour. The method has potential to transform the development of medicines by providing manufacturability information at drug screening stage and is potentially applicable to other manufacturing problems controlled by the chemistry of the drug substance.

Translating and validating the modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT-R/F) into Malayalam for effective utilization of it in the clinical setting

Background: Early intervention strategies significantly improve developmental outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorders. In this background, this study was conducted to translate and validate Malayalam version of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT-R/F). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four steps. The original version of MCHAT-R/F was translated into Malayalam, and back translated by bilingual experts followed by pilot testing. Finally, the translated tool was administered to 100 children for evaluation of psychometric properties which included reliability and validity assessment. The statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: The internal consistency of the items as per parent confirmed stage of screening and flow chart interview stage of screening was 0.539 and 0.731 respectively. The level of agreement in categorizing the children according to the risk of ASD by two raters during first and second screening stage was 0.647 and 0.432 respectively. The test-retest reliability analysis showed that all the items had a moderate level of agreement between test and retest. All the items had an I-CVI more than 0.90. There was strong positive correlation between the score obtained during first stage (r: 0.562) and second stage (r: 0.529) with CARS score which indicates high convergent validity. Conclusions: The newly translated tool with high reliability and validity could enable in screening symptoms of autism among children belonging to lower age group, which would facilitate in providing appropriate intervention as early as possible.

Do Economic Crises Affect Medical Education? A Narrative Review

Objectives: This review aims to investigate the impact of economic sanctions, as a form of economic crisis, on medical education. Methods: This research is a review of studies published between 1995 and 2023. A search was conducted in electronic sources, databases, and information repositories. The initial search yielded 313 articles. In the first screening, which involved examining the titles, 173 unrelated articles were removed, leaving 158 articles for the abstract screening stage. During this stage, 95 unrelated articles were excluded, and after accessing and reviewing the full text of the remaining 63 articles, 35 were deemed eligible for review. Results: Economic sanctions are defined as restrictions imposed by one country on the international trade and investment of another to force a policy change. Academic and research systems are often overlooked areas that are severely impacted by sanctions. In Sudan, for example, sanctions led foreign organizations to refrain from cooperating with academics in the country, particularly regarding the publication of articles. Importantly, the negative effects of economic sanctions on education cannot be easily remedied, even long after the sanctions are lifted. Conclusions: The effects of sanctions on education and health have been proven in many countries, including Sudan, Haiti, Zimbabwe, and Iraq. There is an urgent need to specifically focus on the consequences of sanctions on medical education above all other aspects.

H-index and research evaluation: A suggested set of components for developing a comprehensive author-level index

The H-index has been investigated in various studies; this index has many strengths that have made it popular. However, it also has weaknesses, due to which other indicators have been developed. This study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the H-index and provide the minimum set of necessary components for developing a comprehensive author-level index. In this systematic literature review, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Emerald, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify relevant studies. From the number of 14,253 retrieved studies, after two stages of screening, 81 studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria for data extraction. The findings of the study led to the identification of 15 strengths in the three categories of Quality Features, Simplicity, and Suitability, and 13 weaknesses in the six categories of Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation for H-index. Finally, 28 components were identified as the minimum set of necessary components to develop a comprehensive author-level index to help evaluate researchers more realistically and fairly. The minimum components that need to be considered in developing a comprehensive author-level index can be proposed as follows: Quality Features, Simplicity, Suitability, Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation.

Review of the Role of Urban Green Infrastructure on Climate Resiliency: A Focus on Heat Mitigation Modelling Scenario on the Microclimate and Building Scale

This systematic review explores the role of urban green infrastructure (UGI) in enhancing climate resilience, focusing mainly on heat mitigation modelling and its application at both urban and building scales. The study analyses 207 articles published in the last five years at the screening stage and 50 at the inclusion stage, highlighting the effectiveness of UGIs in reducing ambient temperatures and improving building energy efficiency through shading and evapotranspiration. Advanced simulation tools like Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Building Performance Simulation (BPS) are increasingly relied upon, though challenges remain in accurately modelling vegetation and urban-climate interactions. The review identifies critical research gaps, particularly in evaluating UGI’s performance under future climate change and seasonal variation scenarios, emphasising the need for refined simulation techniques. Moreover, the evapotranspiration modelling of UGIs needs to be developed on the BPS scale. Addressing these gaps is essential for optimising UGI design to ensure their effectiveness in future urban climates. The review calls for further studies on long-term UGI resilience, especially in rising global temperatures and evolving urban environments.

Construal level theory and online reviews: A search stage perspective

Drawing on Construal Level Theory, we propose that consumer search stage (i.e., screening or selecting), not psychological distance, interacts with review features to influence review helpfulness. Through an online experiment, we test the interaction effects between textual concreteness, review valence and consumer search on review helpfulness at close and far temporal distances. Our findings support a congruency effect between consumer search stage and textual concreteness, showing that positive, abstract reviews are more helpful in the screening stage, while negative, concrete reviews are more helpful in the selection stage. Conversely, temporal distance had a negligible effect. Our results suggest that consumer search stages may confound previous findings on psychological distance and review helpfulness and have practical implications regarding review relevance for consumers.

Toward a typology of business groups: A qualitative content analysis

By facilitating wider communication networks and improving the performance of their affiliated businesses in complex environments, businesses can increase their competitiveness. Understanding the characteristics and diversity of business groups is necessary for developing and implementing them. In this study, we examined the question of how business groups can be classified. What criteria can be used to separate them? We conducted a qualitative analysis of the content of 48 scientific journals published between 1999 and 2020 and selected 215 articles based on purposive sampling during two stages of screening. As a result of the content analysis, three main themes were identified: “origins of group control and ownership”, “groups' institutional origins”, and “intergroup relations”. Also, at the first subtheme level, six categories were identified: group control level, group ownership type, diversity of group relations, dependence and cooperation level, relationship structure, and institutional contexts. There are 12 subcategories included in the second-level subthemes. “origin of corporate governance”, “type of group ownership”, “type of institutional contexts”, “intra-group diversification”, “extra-group diversification”, “internal cooperation”, “formalization ratio”, “length of relations”, “external cooperation”, “geographical area”, “depth of cooperation”, “group maturity level”. Lastly, axis factors related to the diversity of business groups were used to develop a set of typologies.

Assistive Technology to Support Dementia Management: Protocol for a Scoping Review of Reviews.

In Canada, more than 60% of persons living with dementia reside in their own homes, and over 25% rely heavily on their care partners (ie, family members or friends) for assistance with daily activities such as personal hygiene, eating, and walking. Assistive technology (AT) is a key dementia management strategy, helping to maintain health and social support in home and community settings. AT comprises assistive products and services required for safe and effective use. Persons living with dementia and their care partners often require multiple types of AT to maintain their needs, dignity, and autonomy. AT for dementia management is rapidly developing with abundant scientific literature, which can present a challenge to efficiently navigate and extract insightsfor policy and personal decision-making. This scoping review aims to synthesize review-level evidence from published scientific literature on AT to support dementia management for persons living with dementia and their care partners in their homes and communities. Research gaps in knowledge and areas for further investigation into the use and access of AT will be identified. This review will provide an overview of AT types and characteristics and chart the outcomes and conclusions in review-level evidence. This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute's framework for conducting scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. In total, 6 electronic databases will be searched. Articles will be screened according to the "Population-Concept-Context (PCC)" framework for eligible studies. Population includes persons living with dementia, their care partners, and health care professionals (eg, therapists or others who recommend AT). Concept includes AT and self-help devices of many types. Context includes homes and communities. A data charting template will guide data extraction, charting, and summarization. A descriptive numerical summary and an overview of the findings will be presented. Data, such as (1) article information (eg, author and year), (2) article characteristics (eg, review type), (3) AT types and characteristics, (4) setting and population characteristics, and (5) key review outcomes and conclusions, will be extracted. A total of 10,978 unique citations were identified across the 6 electronic databases. This review is in the full-text screening stage, which is expected to be completed by October 2024. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding and documentation of the published scientific literature on AT to support dementia management. Findings from this review are expected to provide evidence-based insights on the complexities of AT types, uses, availability, and access. The author group's diverse national and international perspectives may contribute to knowledge exchange and influence standards to improve the daily function, safety, and well-being of persons living with dementia. Open Science Framework DKSM9; https://osf.io/dksm9. PRR1-10.2196/57036.

Risk Management As A Determinant Of Indonesian Banking Financial Performance: A Systematic Literature Approach

This study aims to understand how risk management affects financial performance in the Indonesian banking sector. In a business environment full of uncertainty, especially in the banking sector, risk management is key to ensuring financial stability. Systematic Literature This review (SLR) analyzes the findings of articles published between 2016 and 2022, focusing on the main risks faced by banks: credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk. The selected articles were obtained from leading journal sources in the fields of economics and business. The literature selection process includes the stages of identification, screening, and thematic analysis to identify trends and correlations between risk management and financial performance indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The results of the study indicate that credit risk and operational risk have the most significant impact on financial performance, while market and liquidity risks show varying effects depending on the market situation and internal conditions of the bank. These findings underline the importance of a proactive approach to risk management, including the implementation of integrated risk mitigation policies and the use of effective internal controls. Thus, risk management not only serves as a safeguard against potential losses but also as a support for business sustainability. This study recommends further research to explore new risks such as cyber threats and regulatory changes, which are increasingly relevant in the context of the modern banking industry. These results are expected to provide insights for financial practitioners and banking leaders in improving the resilience and financial performance of their companies.

In silico prediction of the pharmacological potential of new 7-alkyl-8-hydrazine derivatives of 1,3-dimethylxanthine

The development of new drug-like molecules based on 7-R-8-hydrazine derivatives of 1,3-dimethylxanthine is promising in view of the known pharmacological effect of theophylline and functional hydrazine derivatives. In silico methods make it possible to rationalize the synthesis and reduce the number of chemical compounds at the stage of virtual screening by eliminating potentially ineffective molecules. The aim of the work was to carry out а virtual design and predictive evaluation of pharmacological activity of new 7-alkyl-8-hydrazine derivatives of 1,3-dimethylxanthine by in silico methods. Materials and methods. To perform in silico prediction of the pharmacological potential of several new 7-alkyl-8-hydrazine derivatives of 1,3-dimethylxanthine, we used the online services. As 12 model compounds, we chose 12 derivatives of 5-(2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl)hydrazine)-5-phenylpentanoic acid with linear and branched alkyl substituents at the 7th position of the basic heterocycle: methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, n-butyl, i-butyl, n-amyl, i-amyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl. The use of the freely available web tool SwissADME made it possible to calculate physicochemical parameters and to determine the drug-likeness properties of molecules. And other Internet platforms allowed to predict the spectrum of biological activity of the target compounds. Results. In silico analysis of the pharmacological potential of model compounds was performed. Three biological actions (peripheral vasodilator, kidney function stimulant, lipoprotein lipase inhibitor) with high Pa values are predicted for all derivatives of the series. The ADME parameters of the molecules were evaluated and their potential drug-like properties were determined. Conclusions. It was established that the extension of the alkyl substituent at the 7th position of the basic heterocycle should lead to a deterioration of the ADME parameters of the molecules, potentially reduce their oral bioavailability, but should not radically affect their biological activity profile. Compounds 1–3 and 5 are predicted to be orally bioavailable. They should be characterized by a wide spectrum of biological activity with the highest probability of vasodilator effect on peripheral vessels. In the future, it is advisable to carry out targeted synthesis of hit compounds and thorough in vitro, in vivo studies, and for compounds with violated physicochemical criteria – structural optimization of molecules in order to find a lead compound.

Skrining fitokimia tumbuhan potensi obat kanker kolorektal Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C. Thomas

Cancer is a condition in which cells or tissues undergo abnormal progressive growth. Colorectal cancer is cancer that occurs in the colon to rectum organs of humans. Alternative therapy for colorectal cancer treatment is the use of herbs such as Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C. Thomas. This study aimed to screen the bioactive compounds in the Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C. Thomas. extract and its potential as a colorectal cancer drug. This research consists of two stages, namely the extraction stage using the maceration method and the screening stage. The results showed that the extract of Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C. Thomas. positively contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. These bioactive compounds have potential activity as preventive and curative agents for colorectal cancer through several mechanisms, including suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting CDK activity, suppressing intestinal inflammation, and increasing floranormal diversity and probiotic barrier activity in the intestine.

ERAP1 Gene Variants and Haplotypes Associated With Psoriasis Vulgaris of Han Chinese in Inner Mongolia.

This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic variants of ERAP1 (OMIM: 606832) and psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) susceptibility in Inner Mongolia Han nationality. For primary screening, the subjects included 142 PsV cases and 100 healthy controls without psoriasis. The 27 exons of ERAP1 gene were sequenced to screen significant genetic variants. For the validation study, the subjects included 1030 PsV cases and 965 healthy controls. A total of 18 mutations were detected for genetic variants of significance in primary screening and previously reported genetic variants. In primary screening stage, 13 genetic variants of ERAP1 showed an association with psoriasis. A total of 18 genetic variants were typed for the validation, and 12 genetic variants were associated with PsV in Inner Mongolia Han population. Stratified analysis showed significant differences in the allele frequencies of 8 ERAP1 genetic variants in cases with positive family history, and significant differences in allele frequencies among 9 ERAP1 genetic variants in patients with negative family history. A risk haplotype (TCCCTCCAGACC) was significantly associated with PsV, and the most risk haplotype was E730/K528/R127/E56. ERAP1 gene mutation may be associated with PsV and HLA-C*06:02 in Han nationality in Inner Mongolia. A risk haplotype of four-nonsynonymous mutation (E730/K528/R127/E56) is associated with PsV.

Auricular Therapy to Control Pain in Women With Breast Cancer: Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The increased incidence of breast cancer implies the appearance of frequent symptoms associated with disease and treatments, such as pain. For the management of this issue, auricular therapy has been used in a complementary manner, especially for its safety and analgesic action. This systematic review aims to summarize available evidence on the effects of auricular therapy on pain in women undergoing breast cancer treatment. This is a systematic review that includes randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of auricular therapy on pain in women with breast cancer, as compared with other interventions (sham or placebo auricular therapy, other nonpharmacological interventions, and routine pain treatments) during the treatment of the disease. Pain, whether induced or not by cancer treatments, is the main outcome to be evaluated. The search for the studies was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE through PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, VHL, TCIM Americas Network, CNKI, and Wanfang Data. The reviewers have independently evaluated the full texts, and in the near future, they will extract the data and assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The certainty of the evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), and a meta-analysis will be carried out to evaluate the intervention, considering the homogeneity of the results, using the Cochran Q test and quantified by the Higgins inconsistency index. The guidelines of the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) have been respected in the elaboration of this protocol. The records screening stage has been completed, and the synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted in February 2024. We hope to have finished the preparation of the paper for publication by September 2024. Review reporting will follow standard guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. The results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. This review will compile the strength of evidence for the use of auricular therapy in the management of pain in women with breast cancer during the treatment of the disease, identifying gaps in the available evidence as well as assisting health professionals in indicating the intervention for clinical practice. PROSPERO CRD42022382433; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=382433. DERR1-10.2196/55792.

Promoting Language and Scientific Literacy Through Children's Literature: A Systematic Literature Review

ABSTRACT Children's literature is widely recognized for its potential to enhance student development. Despite existing research and publications on the topic, a thorough study on integrating children's literature into language and scientific literacy has not been widely conducted. This systematic literature review aimed to comprehensively explore current literature on innovative strategies and the effects of integrating children's literature to improve language and scientific literacy. Utilizing the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methods, this review analyzed 54 studies from the Scopus database spanning 2010 to 2024. The Publish or Perish and VOSviewer applications supported the identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion stages. Scopus-indexed articles totaling 275 were initially identified and filtered into 54 relevant pieces. The findings highlight that integrating children's literature into science education effectively bridges language and scientific literacy, enhancing cognitive development and comprehension. The potential of this interdisciplinary teaching model suggests practical applications for educators seeking to enrich their instructional strategies by employing diverse literary forms such as informational texts, biographies, comics, dramas, and science fiction. Ultimately, this review emphasizes children’s literature's significant role in advancing language and scientific literacy in educational contexts. Keywords: children’s literature, language literacy, scientific literacy

Individual child factors affecting the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent condition characterised by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This systematic literature review aims to identify the child clinical and sociodemographic factors related to the detection and diagnosis of ADHD in children and adolescents, given concerns about delays or failures in identifying ADHD as well as over-diagnosis, hindering appropriate and timely support for children and families. Through electronic and manual searches of peer-reviewed and grey literature, 5852 articles were identified and subjected to two stages of screening by independent reviewers. Due to the heterogeneity in study methods, a narrative approach was used to summarise study findings. Forty-one studies meeting eligibility criteria revealed sixteen child-related factors influencing the ADHD diagnostic process. These factors include ADHD subtype, ADHD symptom severity, comorbid mental disorders, behavior problems, internalizing symptoms, functional impairment, social and cognitive functioning, physical health, gender, age, relative age, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, insurance coverage, residence urbanicity, and family structure. While the impact of many of these factors on ADHD diagnosis was inconsistent due to the substantial diversity in study designs and context, certain patterns emerged. Meeting the criteria for the inattentive subtype, lower functional impairment, female gender, Black or Latinx ethnicity, and being relatively young for their grade were consistently found to be associated with a delayed or absent ADHD diagnosis. Further research is needed to explore the intricate relationships between these child-level variables and their implications for ADHD recognition, referral, and evaluation, especially outside the USA.

Association between mammographic screening history and stage at diagnosis among women with screen-detected breast cancer.

145 Background: Although screening mammography is an effective means of detecting breast cancer at earlier stages, some women are still diagnosed with later stage disease despite screening mammography. We hypothesized that screening history prior to diagnosis may impact stage at diagnosis and breast cancer mortality among women with screen-detected breast cancer. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of women aged 70+ in the SEER-Medicare database, diagnosed with ER+/HER2- breast cancer from 2010-2017, and enrolled in fee-for service Medicare Parts A and B from 5-years prior to diagnosis through 1 year after. We used validated claims-based algorithms to identify cancers that were detected by screening mammogram. We quantified 5-year screening history by number of prior screens. Stage at diagnosis was dichotomized into very early (T1N0) vs. later stage (T2+ or N+) disease. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between screening history and stage at diagnosis and Cox proportional hazards used to examine breast cancer mortality. Models were adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates associated with later stage disease in bivariate analyses. Results: We included 13,029 women with screen-detected breast cancer; 3,813 (29.27%) women had later stage disease at diagnosis, and 10,095 (77.48%) had at least one prior negative screening mammogram within the past five years. During this time, 2,359 (18.11%) women had only one prior mammogram, 3,132 (24.03%) had two, and 4,604 (35.34%) had three or four. Having at least one prior mammogram was associated with 56% lower odds of being diagnosed with later stage disease (OR: 0.44, 95% CI=0.40-0.48). Sociodemographic factors associated with increased odds of later stage disease included living in an area with greater poverty (20-100% vs. 0-5% of residents, OR: 1.19, 1.00-1.40), non-Hispanic Black race (OR: 1.18, 1.00-1.38), and Medicare/Medicaid dual eligibility (OR: 1.20, 1.06-1.36). Factors associated with later stage disease included living in an area with a more people with a high-school education (30-40% vs. 0-30% of residents, OR: 0.87, 0.77-0.97). At total of 696 deaths from breast cancer were observed, including 273 deaths among 2,935 women with no prior screening (9.3%) and 423 deaths among 10,097 women who had undergone screening within the past five years (4.2%, P < 0.001). Receiving at least one negative screening prior to diagnosis was associated with decreased breast cancer-specific Mortality in adjusted analysis (HR: 0.48, 0.40-0.57). Conclusions: The use of prior routine screening mammography was associated with lower risk of being diagnosed with later stage disease and dying from breast cancer in elderly women with screen-detected breast cancer. Future research is warranted regarding the impact of routine vs. sporadic screening on potential morbidity and mortality in this age group.

The Association and diagnostic value between Maternal Serum Placental Markers and Placenta Previa

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the correlation and diagnostic value of maternal serum placental markers: pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-hCG), and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in relation to placenta previa. MethodsA retrospective case-control study was conducted to gather data on 137 pregnant women who were hospitalized for delivery at Hangzhou Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. These women participated in the late stage of early and mid-term maternal serum prenatal screening between January 2018 and December 2020. Of the 137 women, 45 were diagnosed with placenta previa, while 92 were selected at random as the control group, in a ratio of 1:2. Independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were utilized to compare the quantitative data of the two groups, and the Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of maternal serum placental marker levels for placenta previa. ResultsThe levels of first trimester and second trimester free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (FT-Free β-hCG; ST-Free β-hCG) in the placenta previa group were higher than those in the normal group [1.38 (0.55-6.03) MoM vs.1.08 (0.32-4.00) MoM, 1.38 (0.39-4.10) MoM vs.1.01 (0.29-4.12) MoM], and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (Z = 2.830, Z = 2.846, both P < 0.05). The AFP level was higher than the normal group [1.13 (0.65-2.15) MoM vs. 0.94 (0.51-2.02) MoM], and the difference was statistically significant (Z = 2.551, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PAPP-A between the placenta previa group and the normal group (Z = 1.396, P > 0.05). The ROC curve analysis results showed that the AUCs of FT-Free β-hCG and ST-Free β-hCG for placenta previa were 0.649 (95% CI: 0.551-0.747, P=0.005), 0.634 (95% CI: 0.539-0.730, P=0.011), and 0.650 (95% CI: 0.554-0.746, P=0.004). Using PPV, NPV, FPR, FNR, +LR, and -LR as evaluation indicators for the 5 models, the results showed that FT-Free β-hCG was the best performer in terms of PPV, FPR, and +LR, with values of 0.725, 0.600, and 2.632, respectively. The three-indicator combined detection model (AFP + ST-Free β-hCG + FT-Free β-hCG) had the best performance in terms of NPV and -LR, with values of 0.770 and 0.298, respectively. ConclusionThe elevated maternal serum levels of Free β-hCG and AFP may be associated with placenta previa. The combined detection of maternal serum markers in the early and mid-trimesters has better diagnostic value for predicting placenta previa than individual detection.

Global mapping survey research on physiotherapeutic interventions for osteoarthritis: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionPhysiotherapists provide non-pharmacological conservative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) using a wide spectrum of interventions. Previous surveys have identified global physiotherapy OA management practices. However, no review to date summarises the...

Federated influencer learning for secure and efficient collaborative learning in realistic medical database environment.

Enhancing deep learning performance requires extensive datasets. Centralized training raises concerns about data ownership and security. Additionally, large models are often unsuitable for hospitals due to their limited resource capacities. Federated learning (FL) has been introduced to address these issues. However, FL faces challenges such as vulnerability to attacks, non-IID data, reliance on a central server, high communication overhead, and suboptimal model aggregation. Furthermore, FL is not optimized for realistic hospital database environments, where data are dynamically accumulated. To overcome these limitations, we propose federated influencer learning (FIL) as a secure and efficient collaborative learning paradigm. Unlike the server-client model of FL, FIL features an equal-status structure among participants, with an administrator overseeing the overall process. FIL comprises four stages: local training, qualification, screening, and influencing. Local training is similar to vanilla FL, except for the optional use of a shared dataset. In the qualification stage, participants are classified as influencers or followers. During the screening stage, the integrity of the logits from the influencer is examined. If the integrity is confirmed, the influencer shares their knowledge with the others. FIL is more secure than FL because it eliminates the need for model-parameter transactions, central servers, and generative models. Additionally, FIL supports model-agnostic training. These features make FIL particularly promising for fields such as healthcare, where maintaining confidentiality is crucial. Our experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of FIL, which outperformed several FL methods on large medical (X-ray, MRI, and PET) and natural (CIFAR-10) image dataset in a dynamically accumulating database environment, with consistently higher precision, recall, Dice score, and lower standard deviation between participants. In particular, in the PET dataset, FIL achieved about a 40% improvement in Dice score and recall.