Screen Techniques Research Articles

Printed Devices for Wearable Biosensors: Laboratory to Emerging Markets

Advances in flexible electrochemical sensors have opened up opportunities for various applications, such as biomedical and fitness monitoring. This brief review explores the key advancements in printed wearable electrochemical sensing systems, including an analysis of literature trends, printing strategies (flexographic, screen, and inkjet printing techniques), recent applications of printed wearable biosensors (epidermal sensing films and patches, textile platforms, and biofuel cell energy devices), their relative merits, and perspectives on this emerging technology. This article also provides an overview of sensing systems and concludes with a synopsis of the market drivers for printed and flexible sensors.

High Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Logic Circuits Manufactured via a Combination of Screen and Aerosol Jet Printing Techniques

AbstractThis work demonstrates a novel fabrication approach based on the combination of screen and aerosol jet printing to manufacture fully printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and OECT‐based logic circuits on PET substrates with superior performances. The use of aerosol jet printing allows for a reduction of the channel width to ≈15 µm and the estimated volume by a factor of ≈40, compared to the fully screen printed OECTs. Hence, the OECT devices and OECT‐based logic circuits fabricated with the proposed approach emerge with a high ON/OFF ratio (103–104) and remarkably fast switching response, reaching an ON/OFF ratio of >103 in 4–8 ms, which is further demonstrated by a propagation delay time of just above 1 ms in OECT‐based logic inverter circuits operated at a frequency of 100 Hz. All‐printed monolithically integrated OECT‐based five‐stage ring oscillator circuits further validated the concept with a resulting self‐oscillation frequency of 60 Hz.

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COVER ILLUSTRATION Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is a rare movement disorder characterized by transient dystonic or choreoathetoid attacks (illustrated as “cartoon-figures” which imitate the dystonic or choreoathetoid attacks). Combining brain structural network (illustrated as the stereoscopic brain) and machine learning (illustrated as the number of “0” and “1” and technological screen) techniques can successfully discriminate PKD patients from healthy controls. We get the highest accuracy of 87.8% in the classification of PKD patients and healthy controls by using gray matter morphological networks matrices, which suggest that gray matter morphological network matrices may have potential as neuroimaging biomarkers to assist in clinical PKD diagnosis.

Along or across the visual axis: a comparison of two ultrasound screen, needle and transducer orientation techniques

ObjectiveTo evaluate two transducer and needle handling methods, along the visual axis (AL) and across the visual axis (AC), in non-skilled and skilled clinicians. Study designProspective randomized crossover study. MethodA total of 26 students with no ultrasound locoregional anaesthesia experience (non-skilled group) and six clinicians experienced and familiar with ultrasound locoregional anaesthesia (skilled group) were enrolled. The non-skilled group was asked to perform two tasks: the first on a phantom and the second on canine cadavers, whilst the skilled group performed only the second task. The tasks consisted of guiding the tip of the needle to a target point (simulated nerve on the jelly phantom and sciatic nerve on the cadavers) using two different methods of needle handling—AL or AC. All operators performed each task three times for each method. The time to drive the needle to the target for the two methods was analysed with a paired Student t test, and the number of times the needle was not visualized on the screen between the groups was compared using an unpaired Student t test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. ResultsThe AL method, compared with the AC method, resulted in shorter performance time in both skilled (9 ± 5 versus 20 ± 8 seconds for the second task) and non-skilled groups (9 ± 8 versus 17 ± 15 seconds for the first task and 18 ± 11 versus 32 ± 26 seconds for the second task). Conclusion and clinical relevanceIn both groups, the AL method significantly reduced the time to complete the task. Results from this study indicate that the AL method should be the preferred method for learning/teaching ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia.

POSTOJANOST TEKSTILNIH OTISAKA U PROCESU EKSPLOATACIJE

Cilj ovog rada je ispitati postojanost i promenu otisaka štampanih tehnikama sito i digitalne štampe na tekstilu pod uticajem dejstava trljanja, peglanja i pranja u odnosu na početno stanje. Kao promenjivi parametri uzeti su tehnika štampe, boja i vrsta tekstila. Promena razlike u boji meri se nakon svakog ciklusa izlaganja trljanju, pranju i peglanju.

Optimization and Characterization of Prepared Nano-Disperse Dyes via a Sonication Process and Their Application in Textile Dyeing and Printing

Disperse blue 3 and disperse orange 1 dyes were subjected to an innovative process to convert them to a nanoscale size by sonication via an ultrasonic homogenizer. The obtained dyes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sonicated dyes (SNDs) were used for dyeing and printing (flat screen and transfer printing techniques) of polyester (PET) and cotton fabrics and compared with a non-sonicated (NSND) dye. Variable studies including sonicated and non-sonicated durations were used to optimize the sonication conditions. The effects of dye concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and carrier concentration were studied in terms of dye uptake and shade in dyed and printed fabrics. Additionally, in the transfer printing technique, the proper transfer fixation times were evaluated. To determine the significance of this treatment, analysis of variance was implemented via a two-way ANOVA test. The dyed and printed samples were evaluated for fastness properties.

Evaluation of edge-based interaction on a square smartwatch

Abstract Researchers are proposing many approaches to overcome the usability problem of a smartwatch owing to its small touchscreen. One of the promising approaches is to use touch-sensing edges to expand the control space of a smartwatch. We considered possible interaction techniques using touch-sensing edges in combination with the smartwatch touchscreen: single-edge, multi-edge, and edge × screen (edge and touchscreen in combination). We call these techniques square watch interaction (SWI) techniques in this paper because they exploit the form factor of a square smartwatch. To explore the design space and evaluate the usability of the SWI techniques, we implemented a square smartwatch prototype with touch-sensitive edges, and conducted a series of user experiments. The experiment results showed that the SWI techniques enable precise 1D pointing and occlusion-free 2D pointing. The experiments also produced empirical data that reflect human manual skills for the edge × screen techniques. The produced empirical data will provide a practical guideline for the application of the edge × screen techniques.

A modification of line Hausdorff distance for face recognition to reduce computational cost

Face recognition, that has a lot of applications in modern life, is still an attractive research for pattern recognition community. Due to the similarity of human faces, face recognition presents a significant challenge for pattern recognition researchers. Hausdorff distance is an efficient parameter for measuring the similarity between objects. Line Hausdorff distance (LHD) technique, which is the applying of Hausdorff distance for face recognition, gives high accuracy in comparing with common methods for face recognition. For fast screen techniques such as LHD, the computational cost is a key issue. A modified Line Hausdorff distance (MLHD) is proposed in this paper. The performance of the proposed method is compared with LHD method for face recognition in various conditions: 1) ideal condition of face, 2) varying lighting conditions, 3) varying poses and 4) varying face expression. It is very encouraging that the proposed method gives lower computational cost than LHD while keeping the accuracy of face recognition equal to the LHD method.

Printing of tunics by simulating Anasazi ceramic patterns and their construction

For this study, different patterns of Anasazi pottery were collected fromvarious secondary sources. A total of forty Anasazi ceramic patterns were documented through photographs and given code numbers from 1-40. After documentation, thirty ceramic patterns were shortlisted by the panel of 15 judges. These patterns were then used for simulation for developing tunic designs. Different designs of tunics (30) were developed in different silhouettes using basic black and white colour combination of Anasazi ceramic patterns. These designs were developed through computer aided designing (CAD) using Corel Draw X4. While designing tunics, different Anasazi ceramic patterns were simulated, trimmed, adjusted, enlarged, and reduced in size with the help of different tools provided in Corel Draw X4. Thirty designs of tunics were shown to the respondents to get their preferences. On the basis of preferences of the respondents, five top ranked designs of tunics were selected for printing and construction. Printing of selected tunic designs was done through screen and stencil printing techniques depending upon the intricacy of design used. These printed tunics were then constructed using measurements of 36” size dress form.

N-스크린 환경을 위한 CoAP 기반 디지털 캐로절 시스템

본 논문에서는 N 스크린 서버와 클라이언트 시스템 환경을 통하여 데이터의 신뢰성을 향상시키는 모델에 대해서 기술한다. 디지털 캐로절은 사용자들에게 미디어 동기화 메카니즘을 통하여 미디어 객체 공유를 가능하게 한다. 본 시스템은 공동 작업에 참여한 사용자들이 다른 참여자들에게 같은 뷰로써 공유된 미디어 객체들을 참조할 수 있도록 N 스크린 환경을 위한 CoAP(Constrained Application Protocol) 기반 디지털 캐로절 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템에 의해서 응용 데이터를 공유할 수 있다. N 스크린의 기술과 CoAP 기반 멀티미디어 공동 작업에서 실행되는 기능에 대한 시스템의 기능 비교도 하였다. In this paper, we discuss a model for increasing reliability of data through N screen server and client model environment. Our Digital Carousel enables user to share media objects through media synchronization mechanism. We suggest the Digital Carousel system based on CoAP(Constrained Application Protocol) for N-Screen so that the users participated in collaborative work may refer shared media objects as the same view to others. With this sharing system, a group cooperating users can share applications data. This paper explained a performance analysis of a system with function comparison running on multimedia collaboration work based on CoAP and N screen techniques.

Representations of the 1984 Tragedy in Punjabi Cinema: Ideology and Cultural Politics

Using medium of modern Punjabi language, this paper provides critical overview of the way in which Indian cinema has tried to grapple with the aftermath of the 1984 tragedy. The films analysed in this paper include two Hindi films Maachis, Hawayein, and three Punjabi films Des Hoyaa Pardes, Sadda Haq and Punjab 1984. The paper examines each film's underlying ideology, screen techniques and ultimately what it portrays through its narrative construction of the past. The Hindi films almost echo an ‘Indianist’ ideology – a nationalist perspective of Sikh youth rebelling against the state ultimately shown as misguided and purposeless, while Punjabi films with their more realistic linguistic and aesthetic presentation fall short of any sensitive portrayal of the tragedy. The paper concludes with some comments upon their comparative worth and weaknesses and the disjunction between the Bollywood productions and the Punjabi initiatives: the former as part of the Indian industry with its highly developed formulistic commercial orientation and the latter with little technical sophistication and resource-starved productions.

Trading System based on the use of technical analysis: A computational experiment

Previous studies highlight the influence of methods of technical analysis in the search for exceptional gains in the context of the financial market. Based on this scenario, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of the Simple Moving Average, Exponential Moving Average, MACD and Triple Screen techniques in an actual trading system that included 198 stocks traded in the Brazilian. This paper studies the power of predictability of such methods using various combinations of periods, brokerage fees and a policy of Stop-Loss and compares these with the buy-and-hold strategy. The results indicate that while the studied techniques lead to a high probability of obtaining a return that exceeds the investment value, they have little power of predictability in the Brazilian market. In relation to the passive buy strategy, only the smallest part of the obtained returns outweighs the results of the buy-and-hold strategy.

식품 안전 서비스를 위한 웹 기반 가상 공동 플랫폼

본 논문은 식품 안전 서비스를 위하여 웹 기반 가상 공동 플랫폼에 대해서 제안하였다. 본 시스템은 공동 작업에 참여한 사용자들이 다른 참여자들에게 같은 뷰로써 공유된 미디어들을 참조할 수 있도록 구축하였다. 본 논문에서는 N 스크린의 서버와 클라이언트 시스템을 통하여 식품 데이터의 신뢰성을 향상시키는 모델에 대해서 기술하였다. N 스크린의 기술과 웹 기반 멀티미디어 공동 작업에서 실행되는 기능에 대한 시스템의 기능 비교도 하였다. This paper suggested a cyber collaboration platform based on web for food safety service. We implemented the cyber collaboration platform for food safety service so that the users participated in collaborative work may refer shared media objects as the same view to others. In this paper, we discussed a model for increasing reliability of food safety data through N screen server and client model. This paper explained a performance analysis of a system with function comparison running on multimedia collaboration work based on web and N screen techniques.

Theoretical realization of robust broadband transparency in ultrathin seamless nanostructures by dual blackbodies for near infrared light

We propose a counter-intuitive mechanism of constructing an ultrathin broadband transparent device with two perfect blackbodies. By introducing hybridization of plasmon modes, resonant modes with different symmetries coexist in this system. A broadband transmission spectrum in the near infrared regime is achieved through controlling their coupling strengths, which is governed by the thickness of high refractive index layer. Meanwhile, the transparency bandwidth is found to be tunable in a large range by varying the geometric dimension. More significantly, from the point view of applications, the proposed method of achieving broadband transparency can perfectly tolerate the misalignment and asymmetry of periodic nanoparticles on the top and bottom, which is empowered by the unique dual of coupling-in and coupling-out processes within the pair of blackbodies. Moreover, roughness has little influence on its transmission performance. According to the coupled mode theory, the distinguished transmittance performance is physically interpreted by the radiative decay rate of the entire system. In addition to the feature of uniquely robust broadband transparency, such a ultrathin seamless nanostructure (in the presence of a uniform silver layer) also provides polarization-independent and angle-independent operations. Therefore, it may power up a wide spectrum of exciting applications in thin film protection, touch screen techniques, absorber-emitter transformation, etc.

The effect of phase scintillations on the accuracy of phase screen simulation using deterministic screens derived from GPS and ALTAIR measurements

Radio receivers capable of high‐rate sampling such as GPS scintillation monitors and the ALTAIR VHF/UHF tracking radar can measure ionospheric phase fluctuations suitable for scintillation modeling using phase screen techniques. For modeling purposes, the phase variations caused by the refractive effects of electron density irregularities encountered along the propagation path are desired. The phase fluctuations measured by ground‐based receivers, however, also include the unwanted effects of diffraction (phase scintillations). In this paper, we investigate the effect of phase scintillations on the accuracy of phase screen simulation when using the phase measured on the ground as a proxy for the ionospheric screen. Using stochastic and deterministic (measured) phase screens, we quantitatively assess the accuracy of this approach by cross‐correlating the predicted and measured intensity fluctuations. We find that the intensity cross‐correlation is less than unity even in the weak scatter limit, due to the presence of weak phase scintillations. This correlation decreases rapidly with increasing irregularity strength once rapid transitions in the phase (strong phase scintillations) develop. We demonstrate that, when using the measured phase on the ground as a proxy for the ionospheric screen, both the temporal structure of simulated fluctuations and their statistics deviate increasingly from those of the measurements as the turbulence strength increases, especially when strong phase scintillations are present. We also demonstrate that back‐propagating the complex signal up to ionospheric altitudes prior to the forward propagation calculation yields improved results, but some errors still remain as a consequence of neglecting amplitude fluctuations which develop inside the random medium.

Enhanced Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis in the Absence of Calnexin

BackgroundCalnexin, together with calreticulin, constitute the calnexin/calreticulin cycle. Calnexin is a type I endoplasmic reticulum integral membrane protein and molecular chaperone responsible for the folding and quality control of newly-synthesized (glyco)proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum luminal domain of calnexin is responsible for lectin-like activity and interaction with nascent polypeptide chains. The role of the C-terminal, cytoplasmic portion of calnexin is not clear.Methodology/Principal FindingsUsing yeast two hybrid screen and immunoprecipitation techniques, we showed that the Src homology 3-domain growth factor receptor-bound 2-like (Endophilin) interacting protein 1 (SGIP1), a neuronal specific regulator of endocytosis, forms complexes with the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of calnexin. The calnexin cytoplasmic C-tail interacts with SGIP1 C-terminal domains containing the adaptor complexes medium subunit (Adap-Comp-Sub) region. Calnexin-deficient cells have enhanced clathrin-dependent endocytosis in neuronal cells and mouse neuronal system. This is reversed by expression of full length calnexin or calnexin C-tail.Conclusions/SignificanceWe show that the effects of SGIP1 and calnexin C-tail on clathrin-dependent endocytosis are due to modulation of the internalization of the receptor-ligand complexes. Enhanced clathrin-dependent endocytosis in the absence of calnexin may contribute to the neurological phenotype of calnexin-deficient mice.

Identification of FANCA as a protein interacting with centromere-associated protein E

This study sought to isolate and identify proteins that interact with centromere-associated protein E (CENPE), provide new clues for exploring the function of CENP-E in cell cycle control and the pathogenesis of tumor. Yeast two-hybrid screen and regular molecular biologic techniques were undertaken to screen human HeLa cDNA library with the kinetochore binding domain of CENP-E. The bait from the C-terminus of CENP-E was created by subcloning methods to find out optimal candidate proteins that interact with the kinetochore binding domain of CENP-E. Eight novel CENP-E interacting proteins including Homo sapiens Fanconi anemia complementation group A (FANCA) were obtained. In yeast two-hybrid assay, the N-terminal 260 amino acids of FANCA were found to be necessary and sufficient for the interaction with the C-terminus of CENP-E. The interaction was confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation assay. Our finding of the interaction of CENP-E with FANCA demonstrates that CENP-E and FANCA may play important roles in the functional regulation of the mitotic checkpoint signal pathway.

Ionospheric scintillation monitoring and modelling

This paper presents a review of the ionospheric scintillation monitoring and modelling by the European groups involved in COST 296. Several of these groups have organized scintillation measurement campaigns at low and high latitudes. Some characteristic results obtained from the measured data are presented. The paper also addresses the modeling activities: four models, based on phase screen techniques, with different options and application domains are detailed. Finally some new trends for research topics are given. This includes the wavelet analysis, the high latitudes analysis, the construction of scintillation maps and the mitigation techniques.

Increased Acquisition Speed Settings can Significantly Decrease Patient Dose while Maintaining Imaging Quality during Direct Chest Radiography

Background: Chest imaging using direct acquisition technology has reduced dose in comparison to the traditional film screen techniques. This work investigates the potential for further dose reduction through the use of increased exposure class. Aims: To compare 400 and 800 speed acquisition on the GE Revolution XQ/ i direct radiography system for posteroanterior chest radiography, 30 patients were examined from a population of males and females ages 18-65 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 17-28 kg/m 2. Effective doses were recorded for each patient, and image quality was evaluated using anatomical image quality criteria. Results: Images acquired at 400 speed were found to have 25% higher image quality than those at 800 speed ( P ≤ .001), with an effective dose 55% higher ( P ≤ .009). Radiographs of patients with an average BMI of 17-24.9 kg/m 2 taken at 800 speed were found to be diagnostically acceptable. Conclusions: Radiographs produced at 800 speed on a direct radiography system are acceptable for patients below 25 kg/m 2 delivering 55% less effective dose ( P ≤ .009) than 800 speed. Patients with a BMI above 25 kg/m 2 require 400 speed acquisition.

An investigation of the shielding characteristics of computed radiography cassettes

Computed radiography (CR) systems are rapidly replacing film screen techniques. Previous estimates have been made of the degree of attenuation that occurs as a primary diagnostic X-ray beam passes through a film-screen cassette at different tube potentials. Cassette attenuation is commonly stated in terms of equivalent thickness of lead, which can be calculated using lead attenuation curves. These values can then be subtracted from the shielding requirements calculated for diagnostic X-ray rooms. Since the introduction of CR, no comparison has been made between the attenuation of the old film-screen and the new CR cassettes. In order to perform such a comparison, transmission factors for two CR cassettes and one film-screen cassette were measured, in addition to experimental lead attenuation curves. Lead equivalent thickness values were calculated for all three cassettes using both a semi-theoretical model and measured data. Although there was some discrepancy between the two methods, both found that the new cassettes provided a similar or greater degree of attenuation as the film screen cassette.