Screen Printing Technique Research Articles

Photoluminescent Y2O3:Eu3+@PVA composite dispersions and films for anti-counterfeiting ink applications

The development of high-tech anti-counterfeiting inks to detect counterfeit products is a crucial task for almost every aspect of modern life around the world. Herein, we report the synthesis of photoluminescent xY2O3:Eu3+@PVA (x = 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) composite dispersions and films and demonstrate their potential for anti-counterfeiting inks applications. Laser-synthesized m-Y2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles (daver = 20.3 ± 6.9 nm) with strong red luminescence due to 5D0 → 7F0-4 transitions of Eu3+ were used as a pigment to create luminescent composites. Detailed photoluminescence properties of the obtained composite dispersions and films as a function of m-Y2O3:Eu3+ content were investigated in combination with SEM, EDX, UV–Vis and IR spectroscopy data. Tuning of the CIE coordinates of xY2O3:Eu3+@PVA is observed by changing the excitation wavelength. The results of SEM showed that the photoluminescent nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the PVA film. Photoluminescent m-Y2O3:Eu3+-doped PVA composite inks can be applied via spray, brush, and screen-printing techniques to create security features on various surfaces, including glass, ceramics, paper, plastics, and currency notes. These inks remain stable for at least four months and offer a distinctive luminescent signature that is challenging to replicate, owing to the unique photoluminescence spectrum of Eu3+ in the monoclinic Y2O3 polymorph.

Preparation of the scattering layer based on SnO2 nanocrystals for dye sensitized solar cell application

Abstract In this work, SnO2 paste was prepared based on (0.1 and 0.12 g) of SnO2 nanoparticles. The SnO2 film was deposited using Screen printing and doctor blade techniques, which it employed as scattering layer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). The crystal structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the paste were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, and TGA techniques. The DSSC parameters were achieved to examining the effect of scattering layer on performance of DSSC. The results showed a crystalline structure predominantly composed of rutile SnO2 crystals arranged in a tetragonal pattern, with individual crystallites measuring approximately 100 nanometers in size. SEM images depicted the surface of SnO2 resembling a sponge with fine pores facilitating dye adsorption and electron mobility. Moreover, a decrease in average particle size was observed with increasing dye concentration, with the average grain size of SnO2 particles being below 100 nanometers at lower dye concentrations. TGA measurements indicated a phase transition occurring around 400 °C.

Exploring the efficiency enhancement of perovskite solar cells by chemical bath depositing SnO2 on mesoporous TiO2 electrode

This study presents a groundbreaking approach to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by employing Chemical Bath Deposited (CBD) SnO2 on mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2) as an electron transport layer (ETL) without a traditional compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) layer between FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) and m-TiO2 ETL. Our investigation reveals that this method significantly improves carrier dynamics, as evidenced by reduced time constants compared to traditional ETLs. The CBD SnO2 not only augments electron transport but also effectively reduces defect density in m-TiO2 films. These enhancements are reflected in the improved photovoltaic parameters of the cells, including higher open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current (JSC), fill factor (FF), and an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 23.62 %. The study further underscores the scalability of this technology, highlighting advancements in screen printing and chemical bath deposition techniques vital for large-area PSC applications. Remarkably, the uniformity of PCE across large-area cells confirms the efficacy and consistency of this approach, which provides a new and general strategy for preparing high-efficiency PSCs.

Hydrothermal synthesis of nanostructured Zn2SnO4 ternary metal oxide semiconductor for toxic gas sensing application and its characterization study

Purpose The study aims to develop an inexpensive metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor with high sensitivity, excellent selectivity for a specific gas and rapid response time. Design/methodology/approach This study synthesized Zn2SnO4 nanostructures using a hydrothermal method with a 1 M concentration of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as the zinc source and a 0.7 M concentration of tin chloride (SnCl4) as the tin source. Thick films of nanostructured Zn2SnO4 were then produced using screen printing. The structural properties of Zn2SnO4 were confirmed using X-ray diffraction, and the formation of Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles was verified by transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyse the surface morphology of the fabricated material, while energy dispersive spectroscopy provided insight into the chemical composition of the thick film. These fabricated thick films underwent testing for various hazardous gases, including nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide (H2S), ethanol and methanol. Findings The nanostructured Zn2SnO4 thick film sensor demonstrates a notable sensitivity to H2S gas at a concentration of 500 ppm when operated at 160°C. Its selectivity, response time and recovery time were assessed and documented. Research limitations/implications The primary limitations of this research on metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors include poor selectivity to specific gases, limited durability and challenges in achieving detection at room temperature. Practical implications The nanostructured Zn2SnO4 thick film sensor demonstrates a strong response to H2S gas, making it a promising candidate for commercial production. The detection of H2S is crucial in various sectors, including industries and sewage plants, where monitoring this gas is essential. Social implications Currently, heightened global apprehension about atmospheric pollution stems from the existence of perilous toxic and flammable gases. This underscores the imperative need for monitoring such gases. Toxic and flammable gases are frequently encountered in both residential and industrial environments, posing substantial hazards to human health. Noteworthy accidents involving flammable gases have occurred in recent years. It is crucial to comprehend the presence and composition of these gases in the surroundings for precise detection, measurement and control. Thus, there has been a significant push for extensive research and development in diverse sensor technologies using various materials and methodologies to monitor and regulate these gases effectively. Originality/value In this research, Zn2SnO4 nanostructures were synthesized using a hydrothermal method with ZnCl2 at a concentration of 1 M for zinc and SnCl4 at a concentration of 0.7 M for tin. Thick films of nanostructured Zn2SnO4 were then fabricated via screen printing technique. Following fabrication, all thick films were subjected to testing with various toxic gases, and the results were compared to previously published data. The analysis indicated that the nanostructured Zn2SnO4 thick film sensor demonstrated outstanding performance concerning gas response, gas concentration, selectivity and response time, particularly towards H2S gas.

Innovative designs for semitransparent carbon-based perovskite solar cells for building-integrated applications

Recently, semitransparent perovskite solar cells (SM-PSKs) have been developed, allowing part of the light to pass through the cell while absorbing the rest. Various strategies, including thinning the perovskite layer, innovative electrode materials, and incorporating plasmonic nanoparticles, have been explored, leading to efficiencies up to 14.78 % and transparency of 26.7 %. However, such cells face stability issues and are mostly fabricated in a controlled environment, limiting their scalability to module level and reducing their commercialization prospects. In contrast, carbon incorporation has shown potential for extending the lifespan of opaque PSKs, exhibiting remarkable stability of 1000 h and efficiencies exceeding 16 %. This study employs carbon-based perovskite solar cells fabricated using the screen printing technique with environmental conditions maintained at ambient levels for both temperature and humidity. The architecture of the cell is carefully modified to obtain several novel designs of semitransparent carbon-based perovskite solar cells (CSM-PSKs). UV–Vis spectroscopy tests are performed for each CSM-PSK, resulting in different average visible transparencies (AVT). The electrical properties of the opaque and proposed CSM-PSK designs are characterized using a Solar Simulator (Model: Solixon A-70-CU-2). Among the designs, one CSM-PSK demonstrates superior performance with an AVT of 8.65 % and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.6 %, highlighting their scalability for sustainable building-integrated energy solutions.

Investigation the Influence of Calcination Temperature on Structural, Electrical and Gas Sensing Properties MnO<sub>2</sub> Thick Films

Metal oxide nanoparticles are widely used in various fields, including catalysis, sensing, energy storage, and more. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is a promising material for gas sensors due to its sensitivity to various gases, including oxidizing and reducing gases. The calcination temperature affects their size, crystallinity, surface area, and other properties. In the present research work, the influence of calcination temperature on the structural, electrical and gas sensing properties of MnO2 nanoparticles or nanopowders was investigated. The MnO2 nanopowder was calcinated at 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C in a muffle furnace for 4 hours. After that, using the calcinated powder of MnO2, the thick films were prepared using the standard screen printing technique. The structural characterizations were investigated using SEM, EDS, and XRD. It has been found that as the calcination temperature is increased, the electrical, structural, and gas-sensing properties of MnO2 change. The prepared thick films calcinated at 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C are labeled as samples 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, in this paper. It has been found that sample 4 shows maximum resistivity, a more specific surface area, a smaller crystallite, and a maximum gas response to H2S gas. The maximum sensitivity was found to be 76.32% to H2S gas at operating temperature 120 °C. The response and recovery time was also found quickly.

An adaptive-conforming biodegradable flexible power supply based on continuous glucose oxidation

This paper reports an adaptive degradable flexible power supply. The power supply is produced using a batch-printed, easy-to-operate screen-printing technique that converts the chemical energy of glucose and oxygen into electricity. The power supply has stable current and voltage outputs in vitro, delivering a consistent open circuit potential of 0.2 V in vitro. Due to the flexibility and degradability of the power supply, the power supply can be implanted anywhere in the tissue. This breaks through the limitation of location, for example, mechanical energy harvesters can only be implanted in places with frequent movements. And due to the degradable nature of the power supply, surgical resection is avoided. Glucose and oxygen are ubiquitous and abundant in interstitial fluid. The in vivo experimental results prove that the power supply can power the light-emitting diode and have a stable current output. Therefore, the power supply is expected to provide internal power for implantable devices, avoiding transmission from external sources such as radio frequency.

Graphene-enhanced manganese dioxide functional ink infused with polyaniline for high-performance screen-printed micro supercapacitor

In the world of miniature advancements in technology, a current champion has emerged: the micro supercapacitors. In order to fabricate these micro-supercapacitors, we have developed a promising and user-friendly approach for printing a conductive functional ink containing a ternary composite of manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles, Graphene, and polyaniline (PANI) as a dopant. Screen-printing technique was employed to fabricate micro-supercapacitors using the nanocomposite conductive ink. The performance of the energy storage device was examined using flexible symmetric and asymmetric, with an aqueous 1 M KOH electrolyte. According to this strategy, the characterisation and electrochemical study results revealed that doping PANI into both symmetric and asymmetric devices significantly increased the material’s capacitive performance of areal capacitance 167 mFcm−2 for MnO2/Graphene/PANI-5 composite (MGP-5) and 292.5 mFcm−2 for asymmetric supercapacitor (ASSC) at 5 mVs−1. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor displayed outstanding cyclic stability, retaining 93.6% of its capacitance after 10000 cycles. This underscores the possibility of incorporating polyaniline (PANI) into MnO2 and graphene matrices as efficient blueprints for the development of superior electrode materials. The improvement represents a significant step forward, opening avenues for the future development of novel devices and their integration into top-of-the-line flexible energy storage systems.

Lanthanide conjugated colour-tunable luminescent hydrogels as direct printable inks for anticounterfeiting and forensic applications

Counterfeiting is a global concern that jeopardizes individuals, businesses, and nations, costing trillions of USD annually. To combat this, researchers are continuously developing strong security features to formulate anti-counterfeiting inks. Herein, a novel approach has been adopted to prepare advanced luminescent hydrogel with ligand H3BTC for important applications in authentication of goods and fingerprint detection. In present investigations, Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions conjugated H3BTC hydrogels have been synthesized which emits strong green (542 nm) and red (614 nm) colours under UV lamp (254 nm). Additionally, the colour tunability for intermediate colours i.e. yellow and orange have also been achieved by varying the concentrations of Eu and Tb in H3BTC hydrogel. These hydrogels can be directly printed on any substrate using conventional screen-printing techniques. Moreover, these hydrogels can directly be used for thumb impressions with green and red emissions under 254 nm UV lamp, while appearing white in normal light and making them promising for new alternative solutions to design next-generation security ink for anticounterfeiting and forensic applications.

Investigating the electrical and thermal properties of Cu and Al-doped ZnO thick films using the screen-printing technique for thermal resistance applications

The important properties of prepared Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thick films were investigated. The electrical and thermal properties of ZnO thick films were measured and analyzed using the MATLAB simulation tool. On a glass substrate, thick films of pure ZnO as well as ZnO doped with Cu and Al materials were fabricated using the screen-printing technique. The electrical parameters were calculated using the half-bridge approach to determine the unknown resistance, change in current, and voltage. The half-bridge circuit having a 50 M Ω reference resistance with 30 V excitation voltage. The thermocouple transducer (K type) was used to measure the heating and cooling temperature between 40 °C to 370 °C. The measured maximum TCR values are 0.0095 ppm/°C for pure ZnO film, 0.0068 ppm/°C for Cu-doped ZnO film, and 0.0123 ppm/°C for Al-doped ZnO film. The maximum measured resistance values are 5.9 × 107 Ω for pure ZnO film, 5.9 × 107 Ω for Cu-doped ZnO film, and 5.9 × 107 Ω for Al-doped ZnO film. Using MATLAB simulation, it was possible to observe key factors including the activation energy, unknown resistance, IV characteristics, thermal properties, temperature coefficient resistance (TCR) and resistive linear behavior of the ZnO films.

Scalable production of double-layer superhydrophobic coating with superior adhesion and high corrosion resistance via screen printing and UV curing

This study addresses the challenges of mass production and extensive application of superhydrophobic coatings, focusing on adhesion and durability. We propose an innovative solution utilizing screen printing and UV curing techniques, offering a simple, replicable, and scalable process. Our two-step strategy involves applying a polyurethane diacrylate (PUA-2) adhesion layer to the glass surface through screen printing and UV curing to ensure superior adhesion. Next, a polyurethane hexaacrylate (PUA-6) based formulation is applied over the adhesion layer and subjected to light curing, resulting in excellent hydrophobicity, scratch resistance, and corrosion resistance. This method withstands a pullout force exceeding 5 MPa, achieving a water contact angle of 164.3° and a sliding angle of 1.6°. The coating maintains favorable superhydrophobicity after 80 rounds of sandpaper friction and demonstrates promising corrosion resistance in a 3.5 % NaCl solution. Notably, this approach streamlines large-scale production and delivers exceptional, well-defined performance, providing a promising avenue for widespread and sustainable applications of superhydrophobic coatings.

COLLECTIVE ETHNOGRAPHY OF PRINT MAKING IN YOGYAKARTA: A THEORETICAL STUDY OF ART AND SOCIETY

The research entitled ‘Ethnography of Graphic Printmaking Collective in Yogyakarta: A Theoretical Study of Art and Society’ aims to analyse the institutionalisation process of two graphic print art collectives in Yogayakarta, namely: Grafis Minggiran and Krack! Printmaking Studio, and its influence on the art scene. The method that will be used in this research is ethnographic method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and literature studies. This method was chosen in order to obtain a detailed depth of data from the experiences of the two graphic printmaking collectives. The results of this research are: (1) Both printmaking collectives endeavour to respond to art conventions (especially about techniques) in their art practices; (2) The formation of the collective is an on-campus tradition that spreads out; (3) Krack! Printmaking consistently makes the screen printing technique as a medium of expression in the realm of graphic printing art; (4) Krack! Printmaking then made the phrase ‘Ojo Wedi Mbleset’ (‘Don't be afraid to miss’) as their credo in carrying out the practice of silk screen/screen printing; (5) Grafis Minggiran makes the introduction of a wealth of techniques as its vision in art; (6) Grafis Minggiran is known as one of the (non-campus) graphic collectives that emerged the earliest and at the same time the initiator of the Yogyakarta Graphic Arts Week event.

Penerapan Teknik Sablon sebagai Media Pembelajaran untuk Siswa Siswi di SMA

screen printing is a printing technique that is quite developed in society. Learning is all efforts made by educators so that the learning process occurs in students. A study of current conditions will see how the application of screen printing techniques as a learning medium is an important thing to apply to high school students. Students will have an entrepreneurial spirit that is supported by knowledge about design, so they will produce the expected design work products. With the knowledge that is already in place every day applied to students, children's creativity will still be sufficient to develop in the phase of creating something in design. Presentation of material (classical), group discussion and simulation activities, screen printing techniques and experimental methods. The results of observations using applied methods can produce tote bag products for high school students and students. Through the screen printing technique, this method is an output, especially printed results which involve the finished product of a tote bag, a pouch bag. This technique allows images or designs to be printed with high precision and optimal clarity.

One-pot preparation of one-dimensional hierarchically porous carbon@SnO2 nanocomposites for flexible fabric-based supercapacitor electrodes

The design of functional energy storage materials with superior performances has become the focus topic with the growing energy crisis in recent years. Herein, porous carbon nanofibers@tin dioxide (PCNFs@SnO2) composites are prepared by one-pot electrospinning and followed by carbonization. The PCNFs@SnO2 possesses a hierarchically porous structure containing mesopores and micropores. The specific surface area is as high as ∼ 559.4 m2 g−1, and the total pore volume can reach 0.28 cm3 g−1. Meanwhile, the nonwoven fabric surface is coated with a silver layer through the screen printing technique to obtain silver-coated nonwoven fabric (SNF). Importantly, PCNFs@SnO2 and SNF are combined to obtain flexible fabric-based functional materials. As a primary energy application, the prepared PCNFs@SnO2/SNF electrode has a high mass specific capacitance of 583.1 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, a high area specific capacitance of 933 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, and a good rate capability (70 % at 10 A g−1). The supercapacitor device with two PCNFs@SnO2/SNF electrodes also shows outstanding cycling durability, capacitor retention is as high as ∼ 91.52 %, after 10000 charging/discharging cycles. In brief, our study may provide an innovative route for designing hierarchically porous one-dimensional carbon nanocomposites for supercapacitors with high performances.

Peningkatan Kemandirian Santri Lintang Songo Bantul dan Upaya Pelestarian Warisan Islam Nusantara Melalui Produksi Kaos Arab Pegon

The Lintang Songo Bantul Islamic Boarding School is one of the Islamic boarding school institutions that emphasizes aspects of entrepreneurial independence for its students. This community service is carried out to increase the independence aspect of the students through the production of t-shirts with Arabic Pegon inscriptions. This activity was chosen because previously the students had been equipped with expertise in the field of convection, but there were no specific specifications that would be developed by the students. The production of Arab Pegon t-shirts is an effective breakthrough because 1. The students have been equipped with expertise in the field of convection; 2. T-shirts are a convection product that can be accepted by all ages and groups; 3. Pegon Arabic script is a characteristic of Islamic boarding school products as well as an effort to maintain the Islamic heritage of the archipelago. The stages of activities carried out in community service are: 1. Workshop on writing Pegon Arabic script; 2. Entrepreneurial motivation and business analysis in the t-shirt sector; 3. Training on Arab Pegon t-shirt design and content; 4. Theory and practice of Arab Pegon t-shirt screen printing. The results of the implementation of the service are: 1. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test, it shows that there is an increase in the students' ability to write and read the Pegon Arabic script; 2. The students understand the ins and outs of the t-shirt business; 3. Creation of several t-shirt designs and content; Students can independently apply screen printing techniques on t-shirts with special designs bearing the Arabic Pegon script

Impact of Palladium Decoration on the Performance of Co-SmFeO<sub>3</sub> Based Gas Sensor

The enhanced ammonia gas sensing properties of palladium decorated Co-SFO are demonstrated here. Pristine SmFeO3 thick films fabricated by screen printing technique were surface modified with Co by dipping method (dipping time 3 min) and identified as Co-SFO thick films. They showed maximum sensitivity to 50 ppm ammonia at 200 °C. In order to further increase its sensitivity, Co-SFO thick film was dipped into Palladium nitrate solution for 1 min, 2 min and 3 min. Surface morphology of as-prepared thick films was studied by FE-SEM. Formation of PdO phase and its uniform distribution over Co-SFO surface was confirmed from EDAX spectra. Gas sensing results revel that the sensitivity of Pd decorated Co-SFO thick films towards 50 ppm ammonia was increased. Moreover, decrease in operating temperature was also observed. Pd decorated Co-SFO thick film with dipping time 3 min has maximum sensitivity at lower operating temperature. The improved sensitivity at low temperature was attributed to the sensitization of palladium which was discussed in details. Keywords: Co-SFO, Chemical sensitization, Noble metal, Gas Response, Reducing gas.

Utilization of jarosite and manganite mineral as raw material to fabricate metal-oxide composite film for gas sensor application

This study explores the utilization of Indonesia’s abundant geological resources, specifically jarosite and manganite minerals, to develop composite films for ethanol gas sensing applications. With jarosite’s Fe2O3 composition and manganite’s diverse applications in manganese oxide minerals, these minerals serve as promising raw materials. Building on prior research that employed Fe2O3 and manganese oxide composites, our focus lies in creating a cost-effective composite film comprising iron, manganese, and zinc oxides to enhance ethanol gas sensing capabilities. The fabrication process involves mineral extraction through a precipitation method, followed by composite synthesis and film formation using a screen-printing technique. Analysis of the resulting composite film’s morphological and crystal structure through SEM and XRD machines provides porosity and crystallinity characteristics. Examining electrical characteristics reveals the gas sensor behavior, emphasizing sensitivity and response in an ethanol environment. This study aims to contribute to gas sensor technology advancements, leveraging Indonesia’s geological wealth, promoting cost efficiency, and addressing critical aspects of sensitivity in gas sensor applications.

Investigating the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of (Bi4Ti3O12)0.4–(CaCu3Ti4O12)0.6 nanocomposite ceramics, thin films and thick films for microwave and microelectronic applications

The (Bi4Ti3O12)0.4–(CaCu3Ti4O12)0.6{(BTO)0.4–(CCTO)0.6} nanocomposite was fabricated in powder, thin film, and thick film configurations employing sol-gel, spin coating, and screen printing techniques. The weight loss observed in TGA and the presence of an exothermic peak in the DTA results confirm that 900°C is the optimal temperature for preparing a high-purity dual-phase composite. The XRD patterns and phase fraction analysis substantiate the formation of distinct orthorhombic structured BTO and cubic structured CCTO phases. FESEM images depict an irregular shape, dense microstructure with minimal pores, and a bimodal distribution. The EDAX results provide direct evidence of the formation of nanocomposites according to the stoichiometric ratio. The confirmation of good compatibility between both constituent phases is affirmed by the observation of vibration modes in the Raman spectra. The nanocomposite thin film demonstrates superior dielectric properties (with a dielectric constant of approximately 3534 and a lower dielectric loss of about 2.41), as well as optimal ferroelectric properties (including a remnant polarization of around 12.37 µC/cm2 and coercivity of approximately 0.95 kV/cm) compared to its powder and thick film counterparts. These observed characteristics of (BTO)0.4–(CCTO)0.6 nanocomposite materials strongly correlate with their practical suitability for use in technologically advanced microwave and microelectronic devices.

Fabrication of Gadolinium Oxide-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 Thick Films by Screen Printing Technique and Their Electrical Properties for Ethanol Gas Sensors

Recently, there have been many researchers who discussed screen printing techniques (SPT) as a good approach to fabricate the thick films for gas sensor applications. In this work, the SPTs were conducted to fabricate the thick films based on gadolinium oxide-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 that were applied as ethanol gas sensors. The crystal and morphological structures were investigated using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. It shows that there are three phases of the crystal structure of gadolinium oxide-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 i.e., rhombohedral, orthorhombic, and hexagonal. The morphological structure shows an average particle size of about 0.61 μm. Furthermore, the electrical properties measurements were explored to ensure the performance of thick films in detecting the ethanol gases. Th measurements were conducted in the range of temperature of about 310 ∘C to 325 ∘C and in the various ethanol gas containing, it is 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. This result showed that the highest response of thick films in the existence of ethanol gases (300 ppm) is 427 with an optimum temperature of 319 ∘C. It is also confirmed that SPT has an excellent approach in thick film fabrication to produce gas sensor devices with good performance.
 Keywords: fabrication, gadolinium oxide, doped, thick films, screen printing, electrical properties, ethanol, sensors

Electrical Properties of Gd- and Mn-Doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3- La2O3 Thick Films for Ethanol Gas Sensors

Herein, electrical properties of ethanol gas sensing based on Gd- and Mn- doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 thick films were investigated. The Gd- and Mn-doped Fe2O3- LaFeO3-La2O3 were synthesized by coprecipitation method and formed to thick films using screen-printing techniques with sintering temperature at 900 ∘C. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to determine the crystal and morphological structures. The results showed that the synthesized materials have three phases i.e., tetragonal, cubic, and hexagonal, respectively for Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3. Also, the average particle size is of about 0.51 μm. Among all those circumstances, synthesized materials indicate good performances as ethanol gas sensing that showed in the electrical properties’ measurement. It tested A differently in ethanol containing i.e., 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. The highest response to ethanol gases reached at 300 ppm, it is 332 with optimum temperature at 289∘C. We hope our findings could be beneficial and helpful in the perfect fabrication of ethanol gas sensors in future.
 Keywords: electrical properties, thick films, doped, ethanol, sensors