Trait Anxiety Scores Research Articles

Prenatal risk factors for child executive function at 3–5 years of age: the roles of maternal mood, substance use, and socioeconomic adversity in a prospective cohort study

BackgroundA growing body of literature links prenatal mood and substance use to children's cognitive and behavioral development. The relative contribution of these risk factors on children's executive function (EF) in the context of socioeconomic adversities needs further evaluation. To address this gap, we investigated the role of prenatal maternal anxiety and depression on childhood EF, specifically inhibitory control and working memory, within the context of socioeconomic adversities and prenatal substance use. We hypothesized that higher maternal mood symptoms, higher persistent prenatal drinking and smoking, and lower socioeconomic status would be associated with lower EF skills during early childhood.MethodsWe used data from 334 mother–child dyads followed prospectively through pregnancy and the offspring’s childhood. Prenatal maternal depression and anxiety were assessed via standardized questionnaires. Prenatal alcohol and tobacco consumption were assessed via a timeline follow-back interview. The EF touch battery assessed child inhibitory control and working memory at 3–5 years of age (4.76 ± 0.58 years, 171 females). Separate linear regression models were used to estimate the association of prenatal tobacco, alcohol, anxiety, and depression exposure with our two components of child EF, inhibitory control and working memory, while adjusting for gestational age, sex, and age at assessment. The following variables were also included as covariates: maternal educational achievement, employment status, parity, and household crowding index.ResultsChildren of mothers with high trait anxiety scores had reduced inhibitory control compared to children of mothers without trait anxiety or depression (β = -0.12, 95% CI:-0.22,-0.01). Children of mothers in the moderate to high continuous smoking group showed lower inhibitory control (β = − 0.19, 95% CI:-0.38,-0.01) compared to children of mothers in the none smoking group. Additionally, lower maternal education and higher household crowding were each associated with reduced inhibitory control. We found no significant association between prenatal maternal depression, anxiety, or socioeconomic factors with working memory.ConclusionsThese results underscore the need for comprehensive context-specific intervention packages, including mental health support for women to promote healthy inhibitory control development in children.

Relationship of anxiety-related symptoms with pain, disability and postoperative period after degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis surgery.

Purpose: This study investigates the anxiety levels of patients who have undergone surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) and the impact of this condition on their post-operative recovery process. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 71 patients and the control group consisted of 65 healthy individuals. The study assessed the patients' pain, disability and anxiety levels. The results show that the patients' anxiety levels are higher than those of the general population, and that anxiety levels increase even more in patients with high pain and disability scores. Postoperative State Anxiety (SA) and Trait Anxiety (TA) scores were compared between DLSS patients and healthy individuals. The anxiety scores of the patient group were analyzed in relation to age, gender, pain, physical disability and postoperative period. Results: It was found that the SA scores were statistically significantly higher in the pain group. It was found that the SA scores of patients were statistically significantly different according to their physical disability status. It was also found that both the painful early postoperative group and the painful late postoperative group had higher SA scores than the painless early postoperative group and the painless late postoperative group. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of considering pain, physical activity, and anxiety together in supporting the postoperative recovery process. It is suggested that holistic approaches that focus on pain, physical disability and anxiety may have a positive impact on recovery. More extensive and prospective studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between these concepts

Pain Candidate Genes 5-HTTLPR and COMT Affect Anxiety and Mood in Japanese Ballet Dancers: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study

The balance of mental, physical, and technical aspects is essential in improving ballet performance. Ballet dancers’ emotional and behavioral characteristics vary, even under identical stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between the pain candidate genes 5-HTTLPR and COMT and anxiety in Japanese ballet dancers. Participants were 18 youth elite ballet students with professional aspirations (Y-Elite) and 16 dancers in a professional ballet company (Pro). We administered psychological questionnaires, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), to participants under the following four different stress conditions: standard practice day, cast decision day, rehearsal day, and one week before competition day. In addition, the genotypes of 5-HTTLPR and COMT Val158Met were examined. The distribution of 5-HTTLPR was not different between Y-Elite and Pro dancers, although one of the COMT genotypes was different. Y-Elite dancers had higher trait anxiety scores than Pro dancers for these genotypes before competition (ps < 0.03), although no significant association was observed between both genotypes and scores on the STAI across conditions. Their moods were significantly different through the four conditions (p < 0.004). Pro dancers’ moods were also more stable than those of the Y-Elite dancers in the presence of pain. The results indicate that 5-HTTLPR and COMT play a crucial role in dancers’ anxiety and mood during pain (ps < 0.05). Pro dancers are probably predicted by their lower neuroticism and mood scores and their better adaptation to stress than Y-Elite dancers. The 5-HTTLPR and COMT genes may be influencing the sensitivity to the environment. Youth elite ballet dancers need to understand the relationship between pain and physical activity from an early stage.

Lower thresholds and stronger adaptation to pain in musicians reflect occupational-specific adaptations to contact heat stimulation.

Extensive audio-motor training and psychological stress can cause professional musicians acute overstrain-injury and chronic pain, resulting in damaged careers and diminished quality of life. It has also been previously shown that musicians might perceive pain differently than non-musicians. Therefore, the aim of our study was to quantify differences between musicians and non-musicians regarding their subjective responses to painful contact heat stimuli and assess how emotional traits might influence these responses. Upon completing the StateTrait-Anxiety-Depression Inventory, 15 healthy musicians and 15 healthy non-musicians from German universities received 15 noxious contact heat stimuli at the dorsal side of each hand and foot. After each stimulation, participants were asked to provide a pain rating from 0 to 10. Musicians not only reported significantly higher pain ratings after the first stimulation but also showed a significantly higher degree of habituation compared to non-musicians. Additionally, musicians showed a significantly less pronounced difference regarding the pain rating of the hands compared to the feet than non-musicians. Trait anxiety and trait depression scores had no effect on the pain rating or the habituation. The more pronounced habituation of musicians might hint at a neuroplastic nociceptive alteration in musicians. The lack of significance between the psychological traits and their effect on the pain ratings is surprising but could be a result of both participant groups having stressful careers. The findings of this report justify musicians' repetitive sensorimotor training as an important model for plasticity and contribute to a better understanding of pain perception in musicians.

The impact of a continuous care model utilizing a smartphone application on quality of life and anxiety levels among gynecologic cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with gynecological cancers often face a range of complications that can impact their quality of life and increase their anxiety. Nursing models combined with mobile phone applications have the potential to improve outcomes for these patients. This study aimed to assess the impact of a continuous care model utilizing a smartphone application on quality of life and anxiety levels among gynecologic cancer patients.MethodsThis study involved two phases: (1) mobile App development and (2) implementation of the intervention. The two-group randomized controlled trial included 70 participants with gynecological cancers referred to medical centers affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2023. The participants were randomized into control or intervention groups (n = 35 per group). Finally, 68 patients completed the trial. The intervention group received an 8-week intervention incorporating the continuous care model, whereas the control group received routine care (the standard support provided by nurses both during and after hospitalization). The participants completed the Spielberger state-trait anxiety and quality of life (QLQ-C30) questionnaires before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The data were analyzed via the chi-square test, independent samples t test, analysis of covariance, and repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups. However, after the intervention, the intervention group reported a significant increase in quality of life, with mean scores rising from 68.90 ± 17.50 to 73.78 ± 16.79 immediately after the intervention and to 80.61 ± 9.90 at the two-month follow-up. In contrast, the control group showed no significant improvement. Additionally, state anxiety significantly decreased in the intervention group from 51.64 ± 14.97 to 40.20 ± 11.70 at the follow-up, and trait anxiety scores in the intervention group decreased significantly from 49.91 ± 14.96 to 39.82 ± 10.28 at the follow-up, whereas the scores of the control group worsened.ConclusionThe intervention improved quality of life and reduced anxiety in patients with gynecological cancers. Given the scant attention given to mobile application-based follow-up in gynecologic cancer patients in previous studies, this approach can be incorporated into routine care to support patients, and it is recommended for nurses, health care providers, and physicians.Trial registrationThe study was registered as a randomized controlled trial in the Clinical Trial Registration Center of Iran. Registration Date: 2024-02-14, Registration Number: IRCT20231107059977N1.

Possible association of elevated CSF IL-6 levels with anxiety and frustration in psychiatric disorders.

Neuroinflammation is an important causal factor for a variety of psychiatric disorders. We previously reported increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The present study aimed to examine the possible association of interleukin-6 levels with anxiety and frustration, negative valence symptoms shared in various psychiatric disorders. We included 129 patients with psychiatric disorders and 70 controls. CSF and plasma interleukin-6 levels were measured by immunoassay kits, and psychological symptoms were assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale. To examine regional cerebral blood flow, patients underwent arterial spin labeling analysis using magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels were significantly correlated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait anxiety (r = 0.25, P = 0.046) and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale-autonomy frustration scores (r = 0.29, P = 0.018). Patients with abnormally high cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels (defined >97.5 percentile of the controls) had higher scores for trait anxiety (P = 0.035) and autonomy frustration (P = 0.026), and significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow in the left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral nucleus accumbens, and cerebellum than the remaining patients. Patients with elevated cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 constitute a subpopulation of psychiatric disorders associated with anxiety and autonomy frustration, which may be related to altered functions in specific brain areas.

The Effect of Parental Presence on The Anxiety Level of Nurses During Intravenous Interventions in Children

<b>Aim:</b> The present study employed an analytical, cross-sectional, and pretest-posttest design to assess the impact of parental presence on the anxiety levels of nurses during intravenous interventions in pediatric patients.  <br /> <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research was conducted in a public hospital in Istanbul between 01 September and 30 December 2021. The population of the research consisted of nurses working in the pediatric clinic of the hospital (N = 70),  and the sample consisted of 50 nurses who met the research criteria and agreed to participate in the research. Data were obtained through an information form and a state-trait anxiety inventory. Participants were first asked to fill out the information form and the trait anxiety inventory. The research was carried out in two phases with the same sample group. In the first phase, nurses were asked to fill out the state anxiety inventory immediately after intravenous interventions were administered to children while their parents were with their children. In the second phase, after a period of 15 days, a state anxiety inventory was applied to the nurses with the same sample group immediately after the intravenous interventions, without the participation of the family. The SPSS 26 package statistical program was used to evaluate the data.<br /> <b>Result and Conclusion:</b> It was determined that the mean trait anxiety scores of the participants were at a medium level and that the mean state anxiety scores of the nurses were statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) in the interventions in which the parents were included in the process compared to the interventions in which the parents were not included in the process. Continuous in-service training can be recommended for pediatric nurses to adopt family-centered care.

Beyond Pharmacotherapy: Investigating the Role of Classical Music in Preoperative Anxiety Management for Cesarean Sections

Preoperative anxiety is a prevalent concern among women undergoing cesarean sections (C-sections), potentially impacting maternal and neonatal outcomes. While pharmacotherapy is commonly used to manage anxiety, non-pharmacological interventions like music therapy offer a promising alternative or adjunct. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of classical music in reducing preoperative anxiety levels in women scheduled for C-sections. A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 100 women scheduled for elective C-sections. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (classical music listening) or the control group (standard care). Anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after the intervention. Physiological parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure were also monitored. The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in both state and trait anxiety scores compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the intervention group exhibited lower heart rate and blood pressure levels post-intervention. In conclusion, classical music listening can be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for reducing preoperative anxiety in women undergoing C-sections. The findings suggest that integrating music therapy into standard preoperative care may enhance patient well-being and contribute to improved surgical outcomes.

Uncovering the correlation between neurotransmitter-specific functional connectivity and multidimensional anxiety in a non-clinical cohort.

Research on anxiety faces challenges due to the wide range of symptoms, making it difficult to determine if different aspects of anxiety are linked to distinct neurobiological processes. Both alterations in functional brain connectivity (FC) and monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems are implicated as potential neural bases of anxiety. We aimed to investigate whole-brain FC involving monoaminergic nuclei and its association with anxiety dimensions in 178 non-clinical participants. Nine anxiety-related scales were used, encompassing trait and state anxiety scores, along with measures of cost-probability, hypervigilance, reward-punishment sensitivity, uncertainty, and trait worry. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired, focusing on seven brainstem regions representing serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic nuclei, with their FC patterns voxel-wise correlated with the scales. All models underwent family-wise-error correction for multiple comparisons. We observed intriguing relationships: trait and state anxiety scores exhibited opposing correlations in FC between the dorsal raphe nucleus and the paracingulate gyrus. Additionally, we identified shared neural correlates, such as a negative correlation between the locus coeruleus and the frontal pole. This connection was significantly associated with scores on measures of probability, hypervigilance, reward sensitivity, and trait worry. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between anxiety dimensions and subcortico-cortical FC patterns, shedding light on the underlying neural mechanisms governing anxiety.

The relationship between pregnancy-related anxiety, trait anxiety, and internet use in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Pregnancy-related anxiety leads to some negative maternal and fetal complications. Determining prenatal and natal anxiety and associated factors can help identify high-risk women who need intervention during pregnancy and develop early intervention strategies. The aim of this study is to determine pregnancy-related, and trait anxiety in the prenatal period and its affecting factors. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 245 pregnant women in the obstetrics clinic of a tertiary healthcare institution between March and August 2022. The sociodemographic, obstetric, and internet use of the participants were questioned. Pregnancy-related anxiety was assessed by using Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised-2 (PRAQ-R2), and trait anxiety was assessed by using State–Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-II). Results: Pregnant women’s mean scale score for STAI (trait) was 45.54 ± 6.32, for PRAQ-R2 total score was 27.80 ± 8.32, for PRAQ- Fear of giving birth score was 10.12 ± 3.92, PRAQ- Worries about bearing a physically or mentally handicapped child score was 10.44 ± 4.11, and PRAQ- Concern about own appearance score was 7.24 ± 2.86. Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale score was higher in nulliparous than multiparous (p=0.002) and 30-35 age groups than others (p=0.014). Having a chronic disease is related to a higher anxiety score (p=0.028). Trait anxiety scores were higher in nulliparous (p=0.005), those with low income, those with chronic diseases (p=0.032), and those with a history of children with congenital diseases (p=0.013). Anxiety scores were higher in pregnant women who used the internet as a source of information about pregnancy (p=0.002), and those who use the internet more (p=0.023). There was a significant positive correlation between STAI (trait) anxiety and PRAQ total score ( r:0.292, p<0.001 ), PRAQ- Fear of giving birth (r:0.145, p=0.024), PRAQ- Worries about bearing a physically or mentally handicapped child (r:0.270, p<0.001), and PRAQ- Concern about own appearance (r:0.254, p=<0.001). Conclusion: Pregnancy-related anxiety was higher in nulliparous, 30-35 age groups, having a chronic disease, husbands' high education status, and having trait anxiety. Information obtained from the internet and the time spent on the internet are associated with increased pregnancy anxiety. Future studies should focus more on predicting factors affecting pregnancy-related anxiety and estimating risks for pregnant women.

Effect of information delivery techniques in reducing pre-procedural anxiety in computed tomography

ObjectivesPatients undergoing medical procedures often experience heightened anxiety, which can affect their experience and overall health. The current study aimed at looking at a quality improvement initiative to compare written and audiovisual information delivery methods to reduce anxiety prior to Computed Tomography (CT). MethodsIn this prospective interventional study, we assessed state and trait anxiety in patients scheduled for their first CT scan. Three PDSA cycles were carried out over six months, with each cycle lasting for two months each. The participants were divided into three groups, the baseline, written, and audiovisual intervention groups. Anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. State anxiety is a temporary emotional response, while trait anxiety reflects enduring personality characteristics. ResultsThe mean age of participants was 43.26 years (SD 15.07) in the baseline group, 39.9 years (SD 14.72) in the written group, and 48.59 years (SD 13.54) in the audiovisual group. For state anxiety, the baseline mean was 58.4 (SD 6.9), notably reduced to 43.2 (SD 5.5) with written intervention and to 38.6 (SD 7.7) with audiovisual intervention (p < 0.001). Trait anxiety scores remained relatively stable in all groups (p = 0.31). ConclusionBoth written and audiovisual interventions successfully alleviate pre-imaging anxiety in patients undergoing CT scans. The findings underscore the superior efficacy of audiovisual materials in achieving a more substantial reduction in state anxiety compared to written information. These findings are particularly relevant in resource limited settings where simple interventions show significant improvements.

Correlation between Personality Traits and Dimensions of Anxiety in Young Students in the State of Jalisco

Introduction. Young people are highly susceptible to manifesting the various dimensions of anxiety, which have been associated with certain personality traits. Objective. To determine the association between personality traits (PT) and the dimensions of clinical anxiety (CA), trait anxiety (TA), and state anxiety (SA) in young students in the areas of health sciences in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Method. Five hundred and twenty-one students (with an average age of 20.5 years) enrolled in psychology, nursing, and nutrition degree programs participated, 75.2% of whom were women. From Abril 2020 to May 2021, a cross-sectional design was used to virtually evaluate CA (Beck’s inventory), TA and SA (the Spielberger inventory), and PT (Eysenck’s inventory). Linear regression analysis was used to calculate correlations (R) and determination coefficients (R2) to predict the dimensions of anxiety in relation to PT. Results. 25.7% and 24.8% of participants scored for severe and moderate CA respectively, while 54.3% obtained high scores for TA and SA. For CA, the neuroticism PT yielded an R of .607 and an R2 of .367; for TA, an R of .803 and an R2 of .644; and for SA, an R of .735 and an R2 of .540. Discussion and conclusion. The high correlation between the neuroticism PT and anxiety in young people was probably exacerbated by the restrictive conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. In young students, the neuroticism PT is a predictor for the development of various dimensions of anxiety.

Trait-anxiety and glial-related neuroinflammation of the amygdala and its associated regions in Alzheimer's disease: A significant correlation

BackgroundPositron emission tomography, which assesses the binding of translocator protein radiotracers, 11C-DPA-713, may be a sensitive method for determining glial-mediated neuroinflammation levels. This study investigated the relationship between regional 11C-DPA713 binding potential (BPND) and anxiety in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. MethodsNineteen patients with AD continuum determined to be amyloid-/p-tau 181-positive via cerebrospinal fluid analysis were included in this cross-sectional study (mild cognitive impairment [MCI, n = 5] and AD [n = 14]). Anxiety was evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A whole-brain voxel-based analysis was performed to examine the relationship between 11C-DPA-713-BPND values at each voxel and the STAI score. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of STAI scores using independent variables, including 11C-DPA-713-BPND values within significant clusters. 11C-DPA-713-BPND values were compared between patients with AD continuum with low-to-moderate and high STAI scores. ResultsVoxel-based analysis revealed a positive correlation between trait anxiety severity and 11C-DPA713-BPND values in the centromedial amygdala and the left inferior occipital area [P < 0.001 (uncorrected) at the voxel-level]. 11C-DPA713-BPND values in these regions were a strong predictor of the STAI trait anxiety score. Specifically, patients with AD continuum and high trait anxiety had increased 11C-DPA713-BPND values in these regions. ConclusionsThe amygdala–occipital lobe circuit influences the control of emotional generation, and disruption of this network by AD pathology-induced inflammation may contribute to the expression of anxiety. Our findings suggest that suppression of inflammation can help effectively treat anxiety by attenuating damage to the amygdala and its associated areas.

Keep Calm: Does parental preoperative anxiety affect post-tonsillectomy pain scores in children?

PurposeTo understand if high parental anxiety leads to increased post-tonsillectomy pain in children.MethodsProspective study including parents of children aged 3–10 years old submitted to tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. To evaluate anxiety, parents were asked to fill the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form-Y, with postoperative pain being evaluated with the Wong-Baker FACES pain scale at postoperative days 1, 3 and 7. Parents were also asked to register the number of days during which children took analgesic and the number of analgesic intakes needed.Results41 parents were enrolled, of which 95.1% (n = 39) were female with a mean age of 35.64 years (SD 5.751), with 41 children also being enrolled, of which 85.4% of children (n = 35) underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. 43.9% (n = 18) of parents presented State anxiety scores above the cut-off level and 53.7% (n = 22) above the Trait anxiety scores above the cut-off. Children of parents with high State anxiety presented statistically higher pain scores in both the third (p = 0.035) and the seventh postoperative days (p = 0.006), with significantly longer use of analgesic medication (p = 0.043) being found, as well as a statistically higher number of analgesic intakes (p = 0.045) (Table 4).ConclusionThe present study establishes an association between preoperative parental anxiety, postoperative pain scores and the need for longer analgesic use in children undergoing tonsillectomy. This reinforces the importance of reducing parental anxiety and opens the door for further strategies to better post-tonsillectomy outcomes.

Neuropsychological and psychometric parameters in the patients with duodenal ulcer depending on Helicobacter pylori presence

Neuropsychological and psychometric parameters in the patients with duodenal ulcer depending on Helicobacter pylori presence

Anxiety and depression in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease: relation with socio-demographic features and liver disease severity

PurposeWe aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression traits in Italian patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and the possible relation with the severity of liver disease.MethodsDemographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory parameters were collected in patients referred to a metabolic unit for a comprehensive evaluation of possible liver disease. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were evaluated by surrogate biomarkers. Imaging (controlled attenuation parameter-CAP and vibration-controlled transient elastography-VCTE). Beck depression inventory (BDI) and state-trait anxiety inventory-Y (STAI-Y) were used to define depressive/anxiety states; calorie intake and lifestyle were self-assessed by questionnaires.ResultsThe whole sample comprised 286 patients (61.9% females; mean age 52.0 years; BMI, 34.6 kg/m2); 223 fulfilled MASLD criteria. BDI and trait anxiety scores were lower in the MASLD cohort, and the prevalence of both moderate/severe depression and severe trait anxiety was reduced compared with non-MASLD cases, despite VCTE-diagnosed fibrosis F3–F4 present in over 15% of cases. However, after correction for demographic and anthropometric confounders, MASLD was not associated with a lower risk of moderate/severe depression or severe anxiety trait (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–1.01 and 0.79, 0.27–2.34). Additional adjustment for the severity of fibrosis did not change the results. No differences in state anxiety were observed.ConclusionThe risk of anxiety and depression in MASLD is not different from that generated by diabetes and obesity per se. MASLD patients do not perceive liver disease as a specific source of psychological distress, possibly as a consequence of the unawareness of progressive liver disease.

Prevalence and prognosis of anxiety, insomnia, and type D personality in patients with myocardial infarction: A Spanish cohort.

It has been suggested that patients with myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) have more psycho-emotional disorders than patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (MICAD). The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, and type D personality between MINOCA and MICAD and their impact on prognosis. Patients with myocardial infarction undergoing coronary angiography were prospectively enrolled. Psychological questionnaires were completed by each patient during admission. Among a total of 533 patients, 56 had MINOCA and 477 had MICAD. There were no differences in the prevalence of anxiety and insomnia between both groups: trait anxiety median value (M) MINOCA = 18 (11-34) vs. MICAD M = 19 (12-27), p = 0.8; state anxiety MINOCA M = 19 (11-29) vs. MICAD M = 19 (12.2-26), p = 0.6; and insomnia MINOCA M = 7 (3-11) vs. MICAD M = 7 (3-12), p = 0.95. More MINOCA patients had type D personality (45.0% vs. 28.5%, p = 0.03). At 3-year follow-up, there were no differences in mortality between MINOCA and MICAD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-2.17) in major adverse cerebral or cardiovascular events (MACCE) (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.38-1.31). Scores of trait anxiety and negative affectivity were significantly associated with MACCE (HR 1.65, 95% CI [1.05-2.57]; HR 1.75, 95% CI [1.11-2.77], respectively). High insomnia levels were associated with greater mortality (HR 2.72, 95% CI [1.12-6.61]). Anxiety and insomnia levels were similar between patients with MINOCA and those with MICAD, whilst the prevalence of type D personality was higher in the MINOCA than in the MICAD group. Higher scores in trait anxiety, insomnia, and negative affectivity were related to a worse prognosis at 3-year follow-up.

The midterm psychological effect of cast removal procedures in children.

This study aimed to compare the course of anxiety change in children who used headphones during cast removal with controls in midterm follow-up. Sixty-six patients who underwent forearm fracture treatment with closed reduction and long arm casting between June 2021 and March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of headphones (n=27; 21 males, 6 females; mean age: 8.0±1.8 years; range, 6 to 12 years) or not (n=39; 27 males, 12 females; mean age: 8.9±1.8 years; range, 6 to 12 years) during cast removal with an oscillating saw. Primary outcome measures included preprocedure, postprocedure, and six-month anxiety assessments with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. There was an acute increase in the mean state anxiety scores after the procedure, which returned to below baseline at the six-month follow-up in the headphone (31.4±8.3, 33.3±8.7, and 25.1±4.1, respectively) and control groups (34.9±11.1, 37.4±9.5, and 27.3±5.3, respectively). The mean trait anxiety scores before the procedure, after the procedure, and at six months remained similar in the headphone (33.6±3.0, 34.6±3.2, and 32.4±2.8; p>0.05) and control groups (34.1±2.7, 33.7±3.0, and 33.7±3.0, p>0.05). This study suggests that the acute anxiety during cast removal did not create anxiety sequelae in the sixth month regardless of headphone use.

Anxiety Levels in Brazilian Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer Undergoing Palliative Chemotherapy: A Prospective Study.

This study aimed to assess anxiety levels among women with metastatic breast cancer undergoing palliative chemotherapy. A descriptive, prospective study was conducted at an oncology hospital in southern Brazil from September 2021 to October 2022. A total of 123 adult women receiving outpatient palliative chemotherapy were included in the study. Anxiety levels were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline, the fifth week, and the eleventh week of treatment. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Multiple General Regression Models. Women with advanced breast cancer had an average trait-anxiety score of 48.24±5.92. A progressive improvement in anxiety scores was observed throughout the treatment evaluation stages (44.90±5.89; 43.37±5.34; 42.58±5.75), with a significant difference between the evaluations (p=0.008). Significant correlations were found between trait-anxiety and work situation (p=0.010) and ovarian metastasis (p=0.022). The adjusted general regression model also showed statistical significance for baseline evaluation with offspring (p=0.045) and education level (p=0.041). Women with breast cancer undergoing palliative chemotherapy exhibited high trait-anxiety scores, which decreased significantly over the course of treatment.

The Relationship between Depression and Anxiety with Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women: A Descriptive Correlational Study in Iran

Background: Psychological factors can affect sexual function. Symptoms of depression and anxiety may affect the sexual function of a woman after menopause. Objective: The study aimed to assess the correlation between depression and anxiety with the sexual function of postmenopausal women. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study on 255 postmenopausal women. For sampling, a multi-stage method was used to recruit the eligible women from the health centers in Tehran-Iran. The questionnaires for data collection were the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the women was 52.60 ± 5.11 years. The mean total scores of FSFI, depression, trait anxiety, and State anxiety were 54.05 ± 30.73, 19.00 ± 12.86, 40.73 ± 16.33, and 39.82 ± 16.57 percent, respectively. The female sexual dysfunction was reported in 65.5 percent of subjects. The total scores of FSFI and its dimensions had a significant negative correlation with the scores of depression, Trait-, and state anxiety. There was a negative correlation between the total score of FSFI with the age of women and their husbands and the duration of menopause. A significant positive correlation was found between FSFI with the education of women and the adequacy of their family income. The occupations of the women and their husbands were also related to FSFI. The multiple linear regression showed that state anxiety and depression are potential predictors of FSFI. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are associated with decreased sexual function in postmenopausal women. Therefore, adopting appropriate policies is necessary to reduce depression and anxiety among postmenopausal women to promote their mental health and sexual function. conclusion: Depression and anxiety are associated with decreased sexual function in postmenopausal women. Therefore, adopting appropriate policies are necessary to reduce depression and anxiety among postmenopausal women to promote their mental health and sexual function.