Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale Scores Research Articles

Anxiety and Depression in Japanese Patients with Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.

Women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) may have anxiety and depression; however, this is unclear. A total of 646 postmenopausal women undergoing treatment for menopausal symptomswereenrolled in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Questionnaire responses were recorded at the first visit, and participants were divided into GSM (≥1 moderate or severe GSM symptom) or no-GSM (without any moderate/severe symptoms) groups. Mental health was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HADS scores of the two groups were compared, and GSM symptoms affecting mental health were analyzed using a logistic regression model. 350 (54.2%) women were assigned to the GSM group. Among GSM symptoms, urinary frequency was the most common (moderate/severe: 37.5%). The proportion of participants with anxiety was significantly higher in the GSM group than in the no-GSM group, and odds ratio (OR) was 1.429 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.046-1.951). Additionally, the proportion of participants with both anxiety and depression was significantly higher in the GSM group than in the no-GSM group. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed that urinary frequency was significantly associated with anxiety (OR 1.429; 95% CI 1.046-1.951) and depression (OR 1.639, 95% CI 1.189-2.261). Japanese women with GSM reported higher HADS scores for anxiety than those without GSM. Among GSM symptoms, urinary frequency was common, which affected the mental health of menopausal women the most. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the possibility that women seeking care for menopausal symptoms may have comorbid frequent urination and anxiety.

The Impact of Alpha-s1 Casein Hydrolysate On Chronic Insomnia: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial

BackgroundAlpha-s1 casein hydrolysate (ACH; Lactium®) is recognized as a supplementary treatment to enhance sleep quality. However, limited studies utilizing objective sleep assessment tools have resulted in a lack of substantial validation. This study aimed to assess the effects of ACH on both subjective sleep assessments and objective polysomnography (PSG) recordings in a hospital-based cohort of Taiwanese individuals with chronic insomnia. MethodsIn this 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 36 participants diagnosed with chronic insomnia were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the ACH or placebo groups. Initially, participants in the ACH group received 600 mg of ACH daily, which was reduced to 300 mg for the latter two weeks; the placebo group received maltodextrin capsules throughout the study. The study utilized polysomnography (PSG), along with detailed sleep questionnaires including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Global Sleep Disorders Score (GSDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), to assess improvements in sleep quality and related health markers. The efficacy of the intervention was assessed through measures of sleep efficiency, stage distribution, and psychological well-being, comparing results from before to after the treatment phase. ResultsThe study demonstrated that ACH treatment notably enhanced sleep quality, evidenced by significant improvements in ISI, GSDS, PSQI, ESS, and HADS scores at both week 2 and 4 (all p-values < 0.05) compared with baseline scores. When compared to the placebo group, the ACH group experienced a marked reduction in GSDS scores over time (p = 0.045). Furthermore, PSG data revealed a significant decrease in sleep onset latency from baseline in the ACH group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.012; -7.7 ± 16.0 minutes vs. 6.1 ± 17.7 minutes for ACH and placebo groups, respectively). These results indicate that ACH treatment effectively improved sleep initiation and overall sleep quality. ConclusionACH Supplementation significantly improved sleep quality, particularly by reducing GSDS scores and sleep onset latency, demonstrating its potential as an effective intervention for chronic insomnia. Future studies with larger samples and exploration of long-term effects are needed to confirm these results.

Relationships between emotional state, sleep disturbance and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

Axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) is an autoinflammatory disease affecting multiple organs. While emphasizing the treatment of chronic diseases, it has been found that the prevalence of mental disorders and insomnia in patients is also increasing. We investigated mood status, sleep quality and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in these patients. A total of 94 pairs ax-SpA patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical data were collected. We assessed the disease activity by the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, including C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Medical Outcomes Survey Sheet Form-36 (SF-36) were used to evaluate mood status and quality of sleep and life, respectively. We evaluated the factors related to anxiety and depression scores, sleep disturbance scores and quality of life scores, and the predictors of anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance were analyzed. Forty-five active patients and forty-nine relieved patients were enrolled. We found that the median HADS anxiety (HADS-A), depression (HADS-D) subscale scores and PSQI score were significantly higher in active ax-SpA than in inactive patients, and were significantly higher than those in controls (HADS-A 9 vs. 5 vs. 3, p < 0.001; HADS-D 8 vs. 5 vs. 3, p < 0.001; PSQI 10 vs. 6 vs. 3, p < 0.001). Moreover, the HADS-A scores were positively correlated to positive HLA-B27 (p = 0.042), pain (p = 0.002) and the BASFI score (p = 0.012), HADS-D scores were positively correlate to disease course (p < 0.001) and PSQI scores were significantly positively correlated to the BASFI score (p = 0.009). Logistic regression analysis showed that BASFI was a risk factor for anxiety, age was a protective factor for depression and disease course was a risk factor for depression. The optimal cut-off value of BASFI in predicting anxiety was 1.55 with an area under the curve value of 0.8488 (p < 0.001), and the optimal cut-off value of age and the course of the disease in predicting depression was 50.5years old with an area under the curve value of 0.62 (p = 0.0482) and 54months with an area under the curve value of 0.7988 (p < 0.001). In addition, disease activity was negatively correlated with SF-36 dimensions, and anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance in ax-SpA patients also had significant negative effects on HRQoL (p < 0.05). Patients with active ax-SpA tend to be more anxious, depressed and sleep disturbed, and have worse HRQoL than patients in remission. Patients with ax-SpA are more likely to be anxious with worse spinal function, more likely to be depressed with younger age and longer course of disease. Therefore, the assessment of mental health, sleep and HRQoL should also be included in the long-term management of patients with ax-SpA. Key Points • Active ax-SpA patients tend to have more anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances and worse HRQoL compared with patients in remission • The optimal cut-off value of BASFI in predicting anxiety was 1.55, the age and the course of the disease in predicting depression was 50.5years old and 54months.

Effectiveness of wide local excision and secondary intention healing in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a single-center study on quality of life and mental health outcomes.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life and mental health. Effective management often involves both medical and surgical interventions. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of wide local excision and secondary intention healing in improving quality of life and mental health in patients with moderate to severe HS. A single-center prospective study was conducted with 40 patients suffering from moderate to severe HS, refractory to prior treatments. Pre-surgical ultrasound mapping of lesions was performed using Ultra High-Frequency Ultrasound (UHFUS). Patients underwent wide surgical excision followed by secondary intention healing based on HS-TIME principles. Quality of life was measured using Skindex-16, and mental health was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), with subscales for anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4 weeks post-surgery, and after complete wound healing. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and multiple linear regression to determine factors influencing outcomes. The study included 14 males and 26 females with a mean age of 39 years. Significant improvements were observed in Skindex-16 scores (pre: 57.92, post: 16.03) and HADS scores (HADS-A: pre: 6.13, post: 2.63; HADS-D: pre: 5.50, post: 3.21), indicating reduced pain, discomfort, and psychological distress. Multivariate analysis revealed that improvements were associated with male sex, HS stage II, longer disease duration, and lower BMI. Wide local excision combined with secondary intention healing significantly improves quality of life and mental health in HS patients. The findings suggest that a comprehensive approach addressing both surgical and psychological aspects can enhance patient outcomes. Future research should focus on long-term benefits and the development of standardized postoperative care protocols.

The assessment of psychosocial distress in hospitalized cancer patients during radio-oncological treatment: a monocentric experience study.

This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of psychosocial distress among hospitalized patients undergoing radiotherapy to identify opportunities for interventions to enhance patient well-being. Between January 2021 and May 2023, 137 hospitalized patients received radiotherapy treatment at the Department of Radiation Oncology of the Fondazione A. Gemelli IRCCS were recruited. Participants completed a questionnaire comprising the Distress Thermometer (DT) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The study revealed a significant correlation among anxiety, depression, total HADS scores, and Distress Thermometer scores (p < 0.001). Female patients exhibited higher total HADS scores and anxiety levels compared to males (p < 0.004, p < 0.010, respectively). Sleep disturbances were associated with increased anxiety, depression, and overall distress (p < 0.05). Younger patients (< 65years old) demonstrated elevated anxiety and depression levels, while no significant depressive tendency was observed among older participants (> 65years old). These findings underscore the intricate interplay between demographic variables, psychological distress, and treatment-related symptoms among patients during radiotherapy treatments. The study highlights the critical necessity of promptly identifying and addressing psychosocial distress in this population. It suggests that implementing a psychological therapeutic approach, particularly one focused on support, could effectively deter the onset of depression, especially among younger patients. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to explore distress trajectories and interventions' effectiveness in mitigating distress, with collaborative efforts to translate research findings into evidence-based clinical practice for improved patient care.

Sleep Quality in Head and Neck Cancer.

Patients with head and neck cancer often experience impaired sleep. Moreover, the treatment may negatively affect sleep quality. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the sleep quality after treatment for head and neck cancer, and its relationship with quality of life and psychological distress. A total of 151 patients who underwent treatment for head and neck cancer at our department were included in the study. Quality of life, sleep quality, risk of sleep apnea, sleepiness, pain, and psychological distress were assessed by means of specific questionnaires. The median follow-up was 30 months. Poor sleep quality was observed in 55.6% of the cases. An association between PSQI global sleep quality and EORTC global health status was found. The DT, HADS anxiety, and HADS depression scores were associated to PSQI global score, sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction. Sleep disturbances, particularly OSA and insomnia, are frequent in HNC patients, and significantly impact their quality of life and psychological well-being. Given the effect of sleep on overall well-being, addressing sleep disorders should be a priority in the care of HNC patients.

REM sleep behavior disorder: Relation between aggressiveness and emotions expressed in dream enactment and cognitive and anxiety/depression status

Aggressiveness and negative emotions in dreams reports of patients with alfa-synucleinopathies have been associated with cognitive dysfunction. Observation of dream enactment episodes could be a more precise method to capture dream content in patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Our objective was to assess the relation between aggressive and emotional dream enactment episodes in patients with RBD and cognition and depression/anxiety.Motor events (ME) during REM sleep were classified by visual inspection of video-PSG files. Cognition and anxiety/depression were assessed with MoCA and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), respectively. Multivariate regression analysis was performed, with MoCA or HADS scores as predictors, age and DED as co-variates and aggressive, negative and positive ME frequency (raw values, per total and per complex indexes) as the dependent variable.We included 15 patients with isolated RBD and 12 and 4 with RBD associated with Parkinson's disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies, respectively. They presented a total of 873 ME. There was a significant positive association between HADS score and violent/complex and negative emotion/complex indexes. There was a significant positive association between MoCA score and violent/complex index.A significant correlation between depression/anxiety severity and negative emotion and aggression ME frequency agrees with the dream continuity hypothesis and suggests that REM sleep acts as a regulator of emotional experience. Patients with a higher prevalence of aggressive ME had higher scores in cognitive testing, suggesting that the elaboration of these complex movements could depend on the integrity of cognitive functions.

Anxiety and Depression Are Associated with Poor Long-term Quality of Life in Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Results of a 3-Year Longitudinal Study of the MOSAIK Cohort.

We previously reported that patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) often experience common mental disorders (CMDs) such as anxiety and depression, necessitating immediate psychological interventions within the first 4 weeks of diagnosis. In this 3-year follow-up study of the MOSAIK cohort in Korea, we examined the effects of CMDs at initial diagnosis on clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We examined differences in clinical outcomes (evaluated based on clinical response, relapse, hospitalization, and medication use) and HRQoL (assessed using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [IBDQ] and Short Form 12 [SF-12]) according to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores at diagnosis. In a study involving 199 UC patients, 47.7% exhibited significant psychological distress (anxiety and/or depression) at diagnosis. Clinical follow-up showed no major differences in outcomes, including remission rates, response rates, or hospitalization rates, between patients with anxiety or depression at diagnosis and patients without anxiety or depression at diagnosis. The HRQoL at the end of follow-up was notably lower in those with baseline CMDs, particularly anxiety, across all domains of the IBDQ and SF-12. Linear mixed-effect models revealed that higher HADS scores, as well as higher Mayo scores, were independently associated with lower IBDQ scores and both summary domains of the SF-12. Additionally, regular attendance at follow-up visits during the study period was also related to improvements in HRQoL (all p<0.05). While CMDs present at the time of UC diagnosis did not influence long-term clinical outcomes, they persistently impaired HRQoL. Our findings support the routine incorporation of psychological interventions into the long-term management of moderate-to-severe UC.

Beneficial Impact of Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 on the Mental Health of IPF Patients.

Background: Depression and anxiety represent significant comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, affecting their quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an uneven impact on global mental health. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) constitutes a validated tool to identify anxiety disorders and depression. The aim of this multicentre study was to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on depression and anxiety in IPF patients. Methods: Consecutive IPF patients (median 73.5 years) who are regularly followed-up with were included in the study. Demographics, functional, and clinical were recorded. The HADS score was calculated before and one month after vaccination against COVID-19 in all participants. A Wilcoxon signed ranks test was conducted. Results: A total of 180 IPF patients (median 73.5 years) were included in the study. Among them, 145 patients (81%) received antifibrotic treatment. A significant reduction in HADS, both in anxiety and depression scales, was observed one month after vaccination against SARS-COV-2), independent of age, smoking, lung function impairment, and prior history of depression (p < 0.01). Conclusions: A higher Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score was detected before vaccination against COVID-19. It seems that vaccination also offered a beneficial effect on depression and anxiety in IPF patients, independent of age, smoking, lung function impairment, and prior history of depression.

Credentialed pharmacist-led home medicines reviews targeting treatable traits and their impact on health outcomes in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pre- and post-intervention study.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should engage in self-management strategies targeting behavioural traits and lifestyle risk-factors for optimal outcomes. To evaluate the impact of credentialed pharmacist-led home medicines review (HMR) targeting treatable traits (TTs) on health outcomes in COPD in primary care. A pre- and post-intervention study was nested within a cluster-randomised controlled trial. A total of 81 participants with COPD from 21 Australian general practices received an HMR with a credentialed pharmacist targeting TTs. Changes in health outcomes at 6 and 12months from baseline were assessed. Ten TTs were assessed and targeted during the HMR. At baseline, no-one had a written action plan for managing exacerbations, and medication adherence was sub-optimal in 85% of patients. Additionally, 53% of participants demonstrated inadequate inhaler device technique, while 52% were current smokers. At 6-months follow-up, significant improvements were observed in health-related quality of life (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire score = 34.6 versus 39.1 at baseline, p = 0.006), health status (COPD Assessment Test score = 12 versus 16, p = 0.002), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-Anxiety score = 2.0 versus 5.0, p < 0.001), depression (HADS-Depression score = 1.0 versus 5.0, p < 0.001), self-reported smoking (47% versus 51.9%, p = 0.031) and treatment adherence (Tool for Adherence Behaviour Screening score = 12.5 versus 10.0, p = 0.002). At 12-months: health status, anxiety, depression, smoking abstinence and adherence to treatment, continued to show statistically significant improvements compared to baseline measurements. HMRs targeting TTs improved health outcomes in people with COPD. Credentialed pharmacists in primary care can work alongside general practitioners to optimise COPD management.

Effect of different doses of esketamine on the median effective concentration of propofol for inhibiting body movement during hysteroscopy

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of various doses of esketamine on the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol required for inhibiting body movement during hysteroscopy. Additionally, this research aims to explore the pharmacodynamic interactions between esketamine and propofol. Prospective, double-blind, up-down sequential allocation study. Operating room, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), and general ward. A total of 90 patients were allocated into three groups in a randomized, double-blinded manner as follows: 0.1 mg/kg esketamine combined with propofol intravenous injection (EP0.1) group, 0.2 mg/kg esketamine combined with propofol intravenous injection (EP0.2) group, 0.3 mg/kg esketamine combined with propofol of intravenous injection (EP0.3) group. For the initial patient in each group, the starting effector target concentration of propofol was set at 4 µg/ml. Each patient received an initial intravenous injection of 0.04 mg/kg midazolam, followed by the administration of the appropriate dose of esketamine. Ten seconds after the esketamine injection, propofol was administered intravenously to achieve the target concentration. In accordance with the sequential method principle, the concentration of propofol for the subsequent patient was adjusted based on the response of the previous patient. Effective inhibition of body movement was defined as the absence of any involuntary body movements throughout the entire surgical process. If the previous patient exhibited body movements, the propofol concentration for the next patient was increased by 0.5 µg/ml; conversely, if no movements were observed, it was decreased by 0.5 µg/ml. The up-down sequential allocation method and probit regression were used to calculate the EC50 of propofol. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A) and Depression (HADS-D) score, adverse events, hemodynamic changes, demographic data and clinical characteristics. The EC50 of propofol was 3.849 μg/ml (95% CI: 3.419–4.281) in the EP0.1 group, 3.641 μg/ml (95% CI: 2.807−4.200) in the EP0.2 group, and 3.417 μg/ml (95% CI: 2.845–3.852) in the EP0.3 group. These findings suggest that esketamine can dose-dependently reduce the EC50 of propofol. Esketamine can dose-dependently reduce the EC50 of propofol in hysteroscopy, while concurrently lowering patients’ HADS-A and HADS-D scores 24 h post-operation. It is concluded that the optimal dose of esketamine, when combined with propofol for hysteroscopy, is 0.3 mg/kg.

Application of WeChat-based cognitive behavioural stress management for early-stage cervical cancer patients: a randomised controlled study

Background This randomised controlled study was aimed at investigating the effects of WeChat-based cognitive behavioural stress management (WB-CBSM) on the mental health of patients with early-stage cervical cancer treated with surgical resection. Methods A total of 184 patients with early-stage cervical cancer were randomised to receive either WB-CBSM (n = 92) or normal care (NC) (n = 92) for 8 weeks. Results Compared with the NC group, the WB-CBSM group exhibited reduced Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)–anxiety scores at months (M)1 (t = 2.022, P = 0.045), M3 (t = 2.575, P = 0.011), and M6 (t = 2.709, P = 0.007); anxiety rates at M3 (χ2 = 4.834, P = 0.028) and M6 (χ2 = 5.182, P = 0.023); HADS–depression scores at M3 (t = 2.069, P = 0.040) and M6 (t = 2.449, P = 0.015); and depression rates at M6 (χ2 = 4.268, P = 0.039). Moreover, the WB-CBSM group showed increased Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being scale scores at M1 (t = −2.001, P = 0.047), M3 (t = −2.281, P = 0.024), and M6 (t = −3.501, P = 0.001); the Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) global health score at M3 (t = −2.034, P = 0.043) and M6 (t = −2.426, P = 0.016); and QLQ-C30 function score at M3 (t = −2.009, P = 0.046). However, the groups exhibited decreased EuroQol-5 dimension scores at M3 (t = 2.056, P = 0.041) and M6 ((t = 2.242, P = 0.026) and QLQ-C30 symptom scores at M1 (t = 2.026, P = 0.044) and M3 (t = 2.210, P = 0.028). Conclusion WB-CBSM reduced anxiety and depression and improved the spiritual well-being and quality of life of patients with early-stage cervical cancer treated with surgical resection.

A real-world study on the clinicopathological profile, treatment outcomes and health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression among patients with desmoid tumor at two tertiary care centers in India.

The medical management of DT comprises tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), hormonal agents, anti-inflammatory drugs with the recently approved gamma secretase inhibitor nirogacestat being the current standard of care. Real-world data on evolving treatment landscapes of DT remains scarce. This is a retrospective study of patients with DT registered between 1995 and 2020 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi and Tata Medical Center, Kolkata. Baseline characteristics were analyzed in form of median values and interquartile range. Categorical and continuous variables were compared by chi square and independent samples T- tests respectively. Anxiety, depression and QoL were prospectively measured among 30 patients using Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) scales respectively between 2022 to 2023. 200 patients were included with a male-predominant (n=111, 55.5%) population and median age 26.5 (2.5-75) years. Extremity (n=100, 50%) and abdomen (n=65, 32.5%) were commonest primary sites and median of 2 (1-4) lines of treatment were received. First-line included surgery (n=116, 58%), systemic therapy (n=67, 33.5%), radiotherapy (10, n=5%) and active surveillance (n=7, 3.5%). First-line systemic agents included tamoxifen (n=55, 27.5%), imatinib (n=7, 3.5%), sorafenib (n=1, 0.5%) and chemotherapy (n=4, 2%). 2019 onward, 3% and 63% underwent active surveillance and surgery respectively. Best radiological response obtained with tamoxifen was stable disease (SD) (n=76, 59%) and partial response (PR) (n=31, 24.2%). Best radiological response obtained with sorafenib was PR (n=17, 60.7%) and SD (n=9, 32.1%). Thirty patients underwent HADS and FACT-G scale assessment. Mean HADS-Anxiety subscale score was 3.6 (+/-3.9 SD) and HADS-Depression sub-scale score was 2.6 (+/-3.5 SD) with clinically significant anxiety and depression in 2 (6.7%) patients each. The overall mean FACT-G score was 87.5 (+/-12.6 SD) and lower mean physical well-being (p=0.006) and emotional well-being (0.017) scores were significantly associated with higher HADS-anxiety (>/=8) scores. Assessment of anxiety, depression and QoL are paramount to gauge the psychological impact of DT. This study gives an overview of clinical and management profile of patients with DT in India, with limitations of selection bias, heterogeneous population and small sample size for QoL assessment.

Anxiety and depression among various blood groups of undergraduate medical and physical therapy students.

To access the frequency of depression and anxiety among the various blood groups of medical and physiotherapy students. A cross-sectional study on 215 MBBS and DPT students was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College (AFMDC) from November 2022-May 2023. Google Form containing sections for relevant information concerning participants and fourteen items- Hospital anxiety and depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire for evaluation of anxiety and depression, was administered among the MBBS and DPT students through social media. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Mean ±SD was calculated for continuous variables like HADS score and age. Frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables such as blood groups, anxiety and depression. ANOVA was used to compare HADS score among various blood groups. P-value ≤0.05 was taken statistically significant. Mild anxiety was found in A>O>B>AB, while severe anxiety was found in B>A>AB>O. Mild depression was found in A>B>O>AB, while severe depression was found in A>O>B>AB. However, on ANOVA, when comparing anxiety and depression scores with blood groups, they were found to be higher in blood Group-A. Rhesus factor positive blood groups have severe anxiety and mild depression while Rhesus factor negative blood groups have mild anxiety and severe depression. Severe anxiety was common in blood Group-B while severe depression was common in people with blood Group-A. While mild anxiety and mild depression was found in blood Group-A, however, sever anxiety was common in positive Rhesus factor blood types while severe depression was found in negative Rhesus factor blood types.

Changes in postoperative depression and anxiety and their relationship with recovery from femoral head necrosis: A longitudinal study.

Femoral head necrosis (FHN) can significantly affect patients' psychological well-being and functional outcomes. However, the long-term relationship between postoperative depression, anxiety, and functional recovery in patients with FHN remains unclear. To investigate the dynamic changes in postoperative depression and anxiety and their relationship with functional recovery in patients with FHN for 3 years. Ninety-three patients with FHN who underwent surgical treatment in March 2020 to 2023 were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Depression and anxiety status were assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) at baseline, 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively. Functional recovery was evaluated using the Harris hip score (HHS). The dynamic changes in HADS and HHS were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA; the relationship between depression/anxiety status and functional recovery was examined using Pearson's correlation analysis. The mean HADS-depression (HADS-D) and HADS-anxiety (HADS-A) scores significantly improved over time (P < 0.001). The prevalence of depression and anxiety decreased from 36.6% and 41.9% at baseline to 10.8% and 12.9%, respectively, at 3 years postoperatively. The mean HHS increased significantly from 52.3 ± 10.5 at baseline to 88.1 ± 7.2 at 3 years postoperatively (P < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were found between HADS-D/HADS-A scores and HHS at all time points (P < 0.05). The severity of depression and anxiety negatively correlated with functional recovery, highlighting the importance of psychological interventions in the management of patients with FHN.

Relationship of subjective and objective cognition with post-stroke mood differs between early and long-term stroke

Objective: Depression and anxiety affects approximately 1 in 3 stroke survivors. Performance on standardized objective cognitive tests and self-reported subjective cognitive symptoms are associated with concurrent depression and anxiety, but longitudinal data on whether and how objective and subjective cognition relate to emotional outcomes are lacking. Method: N = 99 stroke survivors (M age = 68.9, SD = 13.1; Median NIH Stroke Severity = 5) completed measures of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), objective cognition (Oxford Cognitive Screen) and subjective cognitive symptoms (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire) at 6-months, 4.5, and 5.5 years post-stroke. The contribution of objective and subjective cognition to depression and anxiety was determined via mixed-effects models. Results: We found no evidence that age, stroke severity, years of education, and participant sex related to changes in HADS-Depression or HADS-Anxiety scores (Marginal R 2=0.03 and 0.05, respectively). Objective cognitive impairments at 6-months and increases in subjective cognitive symptoms at 5.5 years significantly related to increased HADS-Depression scores (Marginal R 2=0.22). Only increases in subjective cognitive symptoms at 5.5 years significantly related to increased HADS-Anxiety scores (Marginal R 2=0.20). When conducting models in reverse, HADS-Depression and HADS-Anxiety scores did not reciprocally explain changes in subjective cognitive symptoms. Conclusions: Objective cognitive abilities are more strongly associated with depression at 6-months post-stroke, while subjective cognitive symptoms are more relevant to both long-term post-stroke depression and anxiety. There may be a unique unidirectional influence of subjective cognitive symptoms to post-stroke depression and anxiety.

The Adverse Effects of Anxiety and Depression on Pregnant Women with Hypothyroidism in Late Pregnancy.

Maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy are significant public health concerns commonly reported worldwide among pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate the impact of anxiety and depression on thyroid function, pregnancy outcomes, and sleep quality among pregnant women with hypothyroidism in the later stages of pregnancy. Eighty cases of pregnant women with hypothyroidism in late pregnancy who were treated at Zhangjiakou First Hospital from January 2021 to October 2023 were selected for this retrospective study. The pregnant women in late pregnancy were divided into four groups according to the scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): control group with 20 cases, anxiety group with 18 cases, depression group with 22 cases, and anxiety-depression group with 20 cases. A comparison was made among the four groups regarding general information of pregnant women in late pregnancy, HADS scale scores, levels of free thyroxine (FT4, FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and sleep quality at different time periods. There was no statistically significant difference in comparing general information among the four groups of pregnant women in late pregnancy (p > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in HADS depression and HADS anxiety scores (p < 0.05), levels of FT4, FT3, TSH in pregnant women in late pregnancy postpartum (p < 0.05), occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (p < 0.05), and comparison of sleep quality of pregnant women in late pregnancy at 1, 3, and 5 months of follow-up among the groups (F = 5.735, 23.930, 11.573, p < 0.05). Anxiety and depression significantly impact thyroid function, pregnancy outcomes, and sleep quality in pregnant women with hypothyroidism in late pregnancy, which is detrimental to the health of pregnant women in late pregnancy. Therefore, necessary interventions are needed.

Effects of kangaroo mother care combined with nurse-assisted mindfulness training for reducing stress among mothers of preterm infants hospitalized in the NICU: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundKangaroo mother care (KMC) can have a positive effect on the mental well-being of a mother. However, there are specific challenges associated with the process that may contribute to increased anxiety for the mother. By integrating nurse-assisted mindfulness training alongside KMC guidance, nurses may effectively alleviate maternal stress to a greater extent.MethodsA single-centre randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effects of KMC combined with nurse-assisted mindfulness training. The study included preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks or a birth weight of less than 1500 g and their mothers, who were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group consisted of mothers who received KMC combined with nurse-assisted mindfulness training for 14 days. The control group comprised mothers who received only KMC for 14 days. Data from both groups were collected and compared for analysis.ResultsForty-seven infants and their mothers were included in the intervention group, whereas 44 pairs were included in the control group. After the intervention, the parental stressor scale scores for the neonatal intensive care unit (PSS: NICU) (3), PSS: NICU (4), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores for the intervention group were lower than those for the control group, whereas the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (1), FFMQ (4), and FFMQ (5) scores for the intervention group were higher. The degree of change in the PSS: NICU and HADS scores was inversely correlated with the degree of change in the FFMQ score. The breast milk feed rate and weight gain rate were greater in the intervention group than in the control group. No adverse reactions were observed in either group.ConclusionsKangaroo mother care combined with nurse-assisted mindfulness training is an acceptable, feasible, and effective procedure for reducing anxiety in mothers of preterm infants in the NICU, with potential benefits for the short-term prognosis of these infants.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900023697, registered on June 8, 2019, retrospectively registered.

Depressive symptomatology, NT-proBNP levels and health status in patients with heart failure: a prospective observational study

BackgroundDepressive symptoms frequently occur in patients with heart failure (HF). However, research on the relationship between these symptoms and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a key biomarker for HF severity...

Impact of prosthodontic rehabilitation on psychological status and quality of life in maxillectomy patients of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mucormycosis at a tertiary care center: A prospective clinical study

Aims: The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of prosthodontic rehabilitation on psychological status (PS) and quality of life (QoL) in maxillectomy patients of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mucormycosis (CAM). Settings and Design: The study was designed as a prospective and clinical study. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four CAM patients undergoing maxillectomy and subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation were included. The treatment involved surgical, intermediate, and definitive obturator delivery at various phases of healing. PS was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), QOL using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire-Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-HandN35), and the functioning of obturator was assessed utilising the Obturator Functioning Scale (OFS) at various time points: before maxillectomy (T1), 2 weeks after maxillectomy (T2), 2 weeks upon usage of intermediate obturator (T3), just before delivery of definitive obturator (T4), and 12 weeks after the usage of definitive obturator (T5). Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using a social science statistical analysis program (Stata 14.0; StataCorp LLC, Texas, USA). The significance level was chosen &lt;0.05. Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of quantitative data. Student’s t-test was employed (α =0.05) to evaluate if the patient’s PS, QOL, and obturator function had changed over time. The Spearman correlation coefficient (α =0.05) was utilized to evaluate the correlation coefficient between PS, QOL, and obturator function seen at T3 and T5. Results: Out of 24 enrolled patients, nine were dropped out. HADS-anxiety score was the highest at T1 (18.6 ± 1.2) and HADS-depression score was the highest at T2 (18.8 ± 1.6). HADS scores decreased significantly (P = 0.001) after prosthetic rehabilitation. EORTC QLQ-HandN35 score was the highest at T2 (105.8 ± 29.5), with statistical significance (P = 0.001) after rehabilitation. OFS was the highest at T3 (51.9 ± 3.9) and lowest at T5 (25.4 ± 2.8). Conclusion: CAM and maxillectomy deliberately affects the PS and QOL. Prosthetic rehabilitation, psychological motivation, and education create greater improvement in PS and QOL. The progress in parameters showed an upward trend with good obturator quality over a period of time.