Scores In Factor Research Articles

Evaluation of occupational health literacy of health workers in Adana, Türkiye

Objective: The importance of occupational health and safety (OHS) and related health literacy is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occupational health literacy status of healthcare workers in Adana (Turkey). Method: The population of the study consists of health workers in Adana province (N=18,660). Between April 29 and June 13, four researchers visited the workplaces of health workers and asked them to answer online survey questions through the WhatsApp application in face-to-face meetings. The study was completed with 179 individuals determined using non-probability sampling method. The analyses were performed using the SPSS 22 software. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used in the analyses. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 179 healthcare workers with an average age of 32.36±7.97 years. Pre-employment medical examinations and periodic examinations were reported to have been performed in 65.9% and 50.3%, respectively. The "Occupational Health Literacy Scale" that was administered to the participants with a resulting avarage score was 80.30±11.68. Participants who underwent workplace periodic examinations had higher scores in Factor 1 and Factor 4 compared to those who did not undergo any periodic examination. Conclusion: Participants who underwent periodic examinations and those who were informed about health risks had higher occupational health literacy. It is recommended that health workers be informed about health risks in the institutions they work, periodic examinations are carried out regularly, OHS trainings are planned, and these trainings are repeated periodically.

Influence of chronic medical conditions on older patients’ willingness to deprescribe medications: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAging correlates with a heightened prevalence of chronic diseases, resulting in multimorbidity affecting 60% of those aged 65 or older. Multimorbidity often leads to polypharmacy, elevating the risk of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use and adverse health outcomes. To address these issues, deprescribing has emerged as a patient-centered approach that considers patients’ beliefs and attitudes toward medication and reduces inappropriate polypharmacy in older adults. Our study aims to investigate whether certain chronic medical conditions are associated with older patients’ willingness to deprescribe medications.MethodsA cross-sectional study enrolled 192 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 or older taking at least one regular medication. Data included demographics, clinical characteristics, and responses to the Portuguese revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics characterized participants, while multiple binary logistic regression identified associations between chronic medical conditions and willingness to deprescribe.ResultsAmong the participants (median age: 72 years, 65.6% female), 91.6% had multimorbidity. The analysis revealed that willingness to deprescribe significantly increased with the presence of gastric disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.123; 95% CI 1.221, 13.915) and age (aOR = 1.121; 95% CI 1.009, 1.246). Conversely, prostatic pathology (aOR = 0.266; 95% CI 0.077, 0.916), higher scores in the rPATD appropriateness factor (aOR = 0.384; 95% CI 0.190, 0.773), and rPATD concerns about stopping factor (aOR = 0.450; 95% CI 0.229, 0.883) diminished patients’ willingness to deprescribe.ConclusionsThis study highlights the intricate relationship between older patients’ attitudes toward deprescribing and chronic medical conditions. We found that gastric disease was associated with an increased willingness to deprescribe medications, while prostate disease was associated with the opposite effect. Future research should explore how patients with specific diseases or groups of diseases perceive deprescribing of medications general and for specific medications, aiding in the development of targeted interventions.

Applying narrative medicine to prepare empathetic healthcare providers in undergraduate pharmacy education in Singapore: a mixed methods study

BackgroundNarrative medicine demonstrated positive impact on empathy in medicine and nursing students. However, this pedagogical approach had not been evaluated in pharmacy education. This study sought to apply and evaluate the narrative medicine approach in extending empathy in Asian undergraduate pharmacy students.MethodsNarrative medicine was applied through workshops which used narratives of people with different experiences and perspectives. First-year undergraduate pharmacy students who volunteered and attended these workshops formed the intervention group (N = 31) and the remaining first-year cohort formed the control group (N = 112). A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was adopted in which quantitative methods were first used to measure impact on pharmacy students’ empathy using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy– Health Professions Student (JSE-HPS), and qualitative methods (i.e. group interviews) were then used to assess pharmacy students’ emotional responses to narratives, and the perspectives of pharmacy students and faculty of this pedagogical approach.ResultsThere was no difference in JSE-HPS scores between intervention and control groups across baseline (i.e. upon matriculation), pre-intervention, and post-intervention timepoints. Pharmacy students in the intervention group had lower scores in Factor 3 (“Standing in People’s Shoes”) following the intervention. Five themes, guided by internal and external factors in cognition, emerged from the Group Interviews: (1) incongruence between students’ motivation and faculty’s perception, (2) learning context, (3) academic context, (4) cognitive system, and (5) affective system. Themes 1, 4 and 5 referred to internal factors such as students’ motivation, perceived learnings, and feelings. Themes 2 and 3 referred to external factors including workshop materials, activities, content, and facilitation.ConclusionThis study is the first to demonstrate that pharmacy students engaged with the narrative medicine approach as narratives elicited emotional responses, exposed them to diverse perspectives, and deepened their appreciation of the importance of empathy and complexities of understanding patients’ perspectives. Scaffolded educational interventions using narratives and real-life patient encounters, alongside longitudinal measurements of empathy, are necessary to bring about meaningful and sustained improvements in empathy.

Factors associated with grazing behavior in candidates for bariatric surgery at a hospital in the Amazon.

To assess grazing behavior and associated factors in candidates for bariatric surgery monitored at a public hospital that is a reference in the care of people with severe obesity. Cross-sectional analytical study, with candidates for bariatric surgery of both genders, treated in a public hospital in the Amazon. To assess grazing behavior, the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire was used, and to investigate patterns of eating behavior, the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire was used, which assesses: Emotional Eating, Cognitive Restriction and Uncontrolled Eating. Sociodemographic information was obtained through self-report and the description of medication use through the medical record. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated by measuring weight and height. The SPSS program, v. 21.0 was used. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. A total of 205 participants were evaluated, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 8.6 years, the majority (93.7%) being women and the majority (59.5%) was not also using medication to lose weight. About 66.3% of the participants had compulsive grazing. The factor with the highest score was cognitive restriction (p < 0.001). Individuals who used weight loss drugs had higher scores in the cognitive restriction factor (p = 0.015) and lower scores for uncontrolled eating (p = 0.008), compulsive grazing (p = 0.021) and non-compulsive grazing (p = 0.034). Linear regression showed that emotional eating and uncontrolled eating were predictors of both compulsive grazing and non-compulsive grazing behavior. It was observed that grazing behavior, cognitive restriction, emotional eating and uncontrolled eating are present and correlated in the studied patients. In addition, the use of weight loss drugs seems to help reduce dysfunctional eating behaviors in patients with severe obesity.

Influence of physical fitness components on personality factors and risk perception of children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max) and muscular strength with indicators related to the risk scale, such as perceived competence, sensation seeking, competitiveness, risk taking and risk...

Study of dental phobia, psychological resilience, and related factors in children aged 8-9 years in Weifang city.

To investigate the influencing factors of children's dental fear (CDF) and the relationship of CDF with resilience in children aged 8-9 years in Weifang city to provide evidence for the early prevention and intervention of CDF. Random cluster sampling method was applied. A total of 1 995 children aged 8-9 years from 10 primary schools in four districts of Weifang city were selected from June to October 2021 as the survey objects. General information questionnaire, the children's fear survey schedule-dental sub-scale, and adolescent resilience scale were used in the investigation. The CDF detection rate was 31.78% (634 cases) in children aged 8-9 years in Weifang city, including 28.41% (296 cases) in boys and 35.47% (338 cases) in girls. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that female gender [odds ratio (OR)=1.329, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.062-1.665], dental caries (OR=1.961, 95%CI=1.330-2.891), dental pain (OR=2.133, 95%CI=1.700-2.676), and dental treatment experience (OR=3.621, 95%CI=2.888-4.540) are risk factors for CDF. Parents with tertiary education or higher (OR=2.123, 95%CI=1.546-2.916; OR=3.304, 95%CI=2.368-4.612), high scores in the positive cognition factor of the psychological resilience-personal strength dimension (OR=1.520, 95%CI=1.141-2.025), high scores in the interpersonal assistance factor of the psychological resilience-support strength dimension (OR=3.819, 95%CI=2.743-5.318), and high scores in the family support factor (OR=5.634, 95%CI=4.047-7.844) were protective factors for CDF occurrence (P<0.05). Children with high psychological resilience scores have low CDF incidence, and good parenting practices are beneficial in reducing CDF incidence.

Assessing Alcohol Expectations in University Students: the APNE Scale

The increasing prevalence of alcohol consumption at early ages has led to major efforts to identify alcohol drinking habits within this highly vulnerable group, and individuals with hazardous patterns of alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Alcohol Positive and Negative Expectations Scale (APNE; a new screening tool developed to identify expectations toward alcohol), and to examine the patterns of alcohol drinking in young adults. The sample included n = 1309 participants (college students) with age range 20 to 25 years. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed through Generalized Structural Equation Models (GSEM) verified the structure of the APNE, correlational models evaluated convergent-discriminant validity, and logistic regression assessed the discriminative ability to identify harmful drinking. The bifactor structure for the APNE was confirmed (positive and negative expectations toward alcohol drinking), with adequate goodness-of-fit (RMSEA = 0.052, CFI = 0.936, TLI = 0.914, and SRMR = 0.075). Multi-group modeling showed invariance by sex (p = .543) and age (p = .395) for the measurement coefficients. High correlations with external measures of alcohol use/abuse and discriminant capacity to identify harmful drinking were obtained. Compared to men, women reported higher mean scores in the negative expectations factor (p = .003). Polynomial linear trends showed that the likelihood of positive expectations toward alcohol decreased with age, while negative expectations increased. The APNE is a brief, reliable, valid, and accurate tool to assess positive and negative expectations toward alcohol consumption in college students. Tools like the APNE can support policymakers to make informed decisions about the implementation of prevention and treatment programs targeted at this segment of the population, the development of personalized alcohol programs, and the reappraisal of public campaigns.

Factors associated with subjective cognitive decline in older adults in pre‐clinical dementia phases

AbstractBackgroundThe phase of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has shown inconsistency as a preclinical phase of dementia. Recent data show a greater association with emotional disturbances than cognitive aspects. Our objective was to analyze the factors associated with SCD in preclinical phases of dementia. Recent data show a greater association with emotional disturbances than cognitive aspects. Our objective was to analyze the factors associated with SCD in preclinical phases of dementia.MethodWe evaluated 94 older adults (Mean Age = , SD = ) with the MMSE, the Pfeiffer functional scale and the Yesavage geriatric depression scale. We also used a neuropsychological protocol that included memory, executive function, visuospatial, fluency and processing speed tasks. We applied a principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality. Finally, we use logistic regression considering SCD as a dichotomous variable and sociodemographic and components extracted as a predictor.ResultWe observed that 48.35% of the older adults manifest subjective cognitive decline. Regression analysis shows that emotion (OR=1.839, IC95%: 1.268‐2.667) and older age (OR=1.282, IC95%: 1.068‐1.538) are associated with higher risk for SCD. Surprisingly, higher scores in memory factor are associated with an increased risk for SCD (OR=3.243, IC95%: 1.163‐9.038). On the other hand, lexical access factor Is associated with reduced risk of SCD (OR=0.389; IC95%: 0.159‐0.953).ConclusionThe SCD phase seems to be more associated with emotional states than cognitive performance, even older adults with better memory scores shows more complains about their cognitive performance. We suggest to follow‐up the sample and use validated instruments of SCD, neuroimaging data or fluid markers, to deep in the construct and validate its relevance as clinical marker.

Schizotypal personality traits and the social learning of fear

Schizotypy can be defined as a combination of traits qualitatively similar to those found in schizophrenia, but milder in their expression, that can be found in clinical and non-clinical populations. In this research, we explore, to our knowledge, for the first time, whether schizotypal personality traits may affect the acquisition of conditioned fear by social means only. Apart from being an essential capacity to ensure learning in safe environments, social fear learning shares important characteristics with direct fear acquisition, which also makes it a great candidate for developing successful extinction procedures. Undergraduate students (n = 72) performed a task of social fear learning. In this task, participants watched a video of a person that simulated to receive electric shocks (unconditioned stimulus; US) paired with a coloured square (conditioned stimulus plus; CS+), while another coloured square was never paired (conditioned stimulus minus; CS−) with the shock. After that, they were presented with a similar sequence of coloured screens. Their Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) were registered during the whole process. Once they finished, they completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Our results revealed that participants with a low score in the Cognitive-Perceptual factor of the SPQ exhibited higher SCRs when they saw the US than when they saw the CS− (all ps < 0.01) during the learning phase. Nevertheless, those with higher scores did not present any difference in their SCRs toward both stimuli (all ps > 0.05), a pattern that has been similarly found in schizophrenia. During the final trials of the test phase, participants with the highest scores in the Disorganized factor were the only ones that maintained a higher SCR towards the CS+ than towards the CS− (p = 0.006), which could be associated with an impairment in their extinction processes.

A novel approach to co-expression network analysis identifies modules and genes relevant for moulting and development in the Atlantic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

BackgroundThe salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is an obligate ectoparasitic copepod living on Atlantic salmon and other salmonids in the marine environment. Salmon lice cause a number of environmental problems and lead to large economical losses in aquaculture every year. In order to develop novel parasite control strategies, a better understanding of the mechanisms of moulting and development of the salmon louse at the transcriptional level is required.MethodsThree weighted gene co-expression networks were constructed based on the pairwise correlations of salmon louse gene expression profiles at different life stages. Network-based approaches and gene annotation information were applied to identify genes that might be important for the moulting and development of the salmon louse. RNA interference was performed for validation. Regulatory impact factors were calculated for all the transcription factor genes by examining the changes in co-expression patterns between transcription factor genes and deferentially expressed genes in middle stages and moulting stages.ResultsEight gene modules were predicted as important, and 10 genes from six of the eight modules have been found to show observable phenotypes in RNA interference experiments. We knocked down five hub genes from three modules and observed phenotypic consequences in all experiments. In the infection trial, no copepodids with a RAB1A-like gene knocked down were found on fish, while control samples developed to chalimus-1 larvae. Also, a FOXO-like transcription factor obtained highest scores in the regulatory impact factor calculation.ConclusionsWe propose a gene co-expression network-based approach to identify genes playing an important role in the moulting and development of salmon louse. The RNA interference experiments confirm the effectiveness of our approach and demonstrated the indispensable role of a RAB1A-like gene in the development of the salmon louse. We propose that our approach could be generalized to identify important genes associated with a phenotype of interest in other organisms.

Evaluation of the mental health status of community healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across China and many countries worldwide, and community healthcare workers at the front lines of disease control are under high physical and mental pressure. This study investigated the mental health status of community healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sichuan Province, China. This cross-sectional study, which was conducted from February 8 to 18, 2020, involved 450 healthcare workers in 18 community hospitals who had worked for more than 1 year. A self-designed demographic data questionnaire and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were provided to the participants through links and quick response codes. The respondents completed and submitted the questionnaires online. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze multiple factors related to the SCL-90 scores of these community healthcare workers in China. For the 450 community healthcare workers who completed the study, the median scores in each SCL-90 factor were lower than the Chinese norms, and 119 (26.4%) participants were SCL-90 positive. Among them, 178 participants were doctors and had the highest scores on most SCL-90 factors except for obsessive compulsiveness, hostility, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism (P < 0.05). The top 3 positive items for doctors working in the community were obsessive compulsiveness, others, and somatization, and those among nurses were obsessive compulsiveness, others, and hostility. Sex, type of workers, and occupational exposure risk to COVID-19 were independent risk factors for the mental health status of the community healthcare workers. Overall, the community healthcare workers experienced psychological problems during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sichuan Province, China. More attention should be paid to the mental health of these workers, and their mental status should be regularly assessed. Psychological interventions should be provided to those with serious mental problems through networks or telephone visits.

Association between Big Five personality factors and medication adherence in the elderly.

Adherence to medications can be associated with circumstances related to the patient, with the pathology, with cultural health beliefs, with habits, and with quality of life. Behavioral patterns can also directly influence a patient's pharmacological adherence, since they are related to their perception and understanding of their own health status and of their drug and non-drug treatments. To investigate the association between adherence to pharmacological treatment and personality factors, sociodemographic variables, and economic data in the elderly. Cross-sectional descriptive study. The population studied were elderly people registered with the Family Health Strategy of Porto Alegre and enrolled on the Brain Aging Program (PENCE), from March 2013 to November 2015. Sociodemographic data, pharmacological adherence, and personality traits were evaluated. Exclusion criteria were incomplete data in the personality and pharmacological adherence assessments; cognitive impairment, evaluated using the instrument Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), or not having carried out this assessment. A total of 123 individuals were included with a mean age of 71.35±7.33 years, 58.6% of whom reported some level of non-adherence to their medication regime (low and moderate adherence). Elderly people with low adherence had significantly higher mean scores in the Neuroticism factor, while those with high adherence had significantly higher mean scores in the Agreeableness and Conscientiousness factors. The study suggests that pharmacological adherence among the elderly is negatively associated with the Neuroticism personality trait, while the Agreeableness and Conscientiousness traits are positively associated.

Voxel‐based morphometry and resting state fMRI as predictors of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) affect most people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and have previously been associated with structural and functional brain changes. This study aimed to establish whether there were structural and functional neural correlates that predicted NPS at 3‐year follow‐up.Method75 (M=40, F=35) patients who met the diagnostic criteria for AD (N=29), MCI (N=39) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, N=7) were followed up at 3 years and assessed with Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). T1 and T2*‐weighted EPI MR images were obtained at baseline using the Siemens Avanto 1.5 T scanner for volumetric and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) analysis. Pre‐processing was performed with SPM12 voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) pipeline for the structural imaging and FMRIB software library (FSL) package for the rs‐fMRI. The correlation analysis was performed between the NPS as measured by NPI and the regional brain volume and activity in resting state networks.ResultMean age of cohort at baseline was 77 (52‐89). 22 MCI patients converted to AD at 3‐year follow‐up. VBM analysis shows negative correlation with regional brain volume at baseline and presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (psychosis and affective) at 3 year follow up in people with AD (Figure 1). Brain volumes that correlated negatively with anxiety include anterior/middle cingulate cortex, which has previously been implicated in affective processing and links to default mode network (DMN). Orbitofrontal cortex and cerebellum volumes correlated negatively with high scores in psychosis factor at 3 year f/u. Brain connectivity analysis in participants with AD at f/u (N=41) showed positive correlation of various NPS in default mode (DMN), salience, executive as well as left and right frontoparietal networks( Figure 2 &amp; Figure 3). There was a negative correlation between activity in DMN and appetite.ConclusionNPS in AD measured at 3‐year f/u appear to be inversely correlated with regional brain volume and positively correlated with activity in resting state brain networks. Increased activity in DMN and salience networks has previously been associated with psychosis and affective symptoms in other populations.

S95. DIFFERENCES IN LIFETIME PATTERNS OF PSYCHOSTIMULANTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE PROPORTION OF PATIENTS WITH FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS ATTRIBUTABLE TO PSYCHOSTIMULANTS USE ACROSS EUROPE

BackgroundSubstance use may be a risk factor for the onset of schizophrenia. Almost 50 % of people with first episode psychosis (FEP) have a history of cannabis or alcohol use. Smaller but significant proportions of this population have a history of psychostimulants (PS) use. Cross-sectional studies have shown a link between recreational and regular use of PS and psychotic symptoms, particularly among individuals with PS dependence, that usually revert after drug withdrawal. Nevertheless, some PS users suffer not just spontaneous relapse of the symptoms but also persistent psychosis in the absence of the drug.European data are not available for a large sample of the prevalence of consumption and its relation to the severity of symptoms in FEP. For this purpose, we described the differences in patterns of use of PS current and lifetime between FEP and healthy controls (HC) and their impact on the severity of the clinical symptomatology.MethodsThis analysis is based on data from the case-control study work package of the EUropean network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI), which took part between 2010 and 2015 across six countries.901 FEP patients (M age=30.76, SD= 10.51; 38.1% females) and 1235 HC (M=36.15, SD=13.30; 53% females) were included in the present case-control study. Data related to amphetamine use were obtained through CEQEU-GEI. To assess psychopathology the OPerational CRITeria (OPCRIT) system was used.Group comparisons were made using t-test or Chi square, and ANCOVA or logistic regression controlling for age, sex and cannabis use when appropriate.ResultsFEP subjects displayed a trend for higher use of PS in the last year (B=-0.18, p= 0.055: 81 (9%) FEP and 56 (4.5%)) and a significant higher lifetime use (Chi2= 37.33, p<0.001: 196 (21.8%) FEP and 149 (12.1%) HC) than HC, but the frequency of PS use did not differ between groups.Lifetime FEP PS-users showed higher scores, thus is, more severe symptoms in the Mania (t= -3.69, p< 0.001) and the general (t= -3.47, p= 0.001) factors compared to FEP non-PS-users. Current FEP PS-users showed higher scores in the Mania factor (t= -2.52, p= 0.012) than FEP non-PS-users. However, these results were not significant when the comparisons were adjusted for age, sex and cannabis use. FEP PS-users displayed lower scores than the non-users in the negative factor both in the last year (t= 2.10, p= 0.038 and: F1,866= 4.27, p= 0.039 when adjusted for age, sex and cannabis use) and lifetime (t= 1.99, p= 0.046 and F1,869= 1.37, p= 0.243 when adjusted for age, sex and cannabis use).DiscussionAs previous studies, we confirmed the higher rates of PS use in FEP than HC in a European study with a big sample. PS use was related to severity of clinical symptomatology. PS-users presented more severe general symptoms and, specifically, in the mania factor. Otherwise, FEP non-PS-user showed higher scores in the negative factor which might be related to the usual course of the psychosis without exposure to PS use.

Relationship between weight status and cognition in children: A mediation analysis of physical fitness components

ABSTRACTCross-sectional study aimed to analyse differences in cognitive performance across fitness components categories (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF], speed-agility and muscular fitness [MF]) and weight status in children, and to determine whether physical fitness mediates the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive performance. Fitness components and BMI were measured using standard procedures in 630 children aged 5-to-7 years from the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real, Spain. BADyG was used to assess cognitive performance. We used ANCOVA models to test mean differences in cognition scores by BMI and fitness categories. Hayes’s PROCESS macro was used for mediation analyses. Children with normal weight scored better in spatial factor and general intelligence than their overweight/obese peers (p < 0.05), but differences were attenuated when controlling for CRF (p > 0.05). Children with better results in CRF and speed-agility scored better in all cognitive dimensions even after controlling for BMI (p < 0.05). Similarly, children with high MF obtained better scores in verbal factor (p < 0.05). All fitness components acted as mediators of the relationship between BMI and general intelligence (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the crucial role of fitness in minimising the negative effect of excess weight on children’s cognition.Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness; MF: Muscular fitness; BADyG E1: Battery of general and differential aptitudes; SES: Socioeconomic status; SD: Standard deviation; IE: Indirect effect

Cognition and its association with the factors of the EURO-D: Suffering and Motivation. Findings from SHARE Wave 6.

About 63755 participants in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 6 (2015) were included. Instruments are as follows: the SHARE study, the EURO-D scale, and cognitive tests. Bivariate, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. In the regression analysis with cognition, the variables associated with poor cognition were higher age (β=.29), lower educational level (β=-.26), economic difficulties (β=.17), and depression (β=.10). The correlation between cognition and EURO-D factors was weak in Suffering (r=-0.139) and moderate in Motivation (r=-0.382). In the regression analysis with the EURO-D, loneliness, poor self-perceived physical health, female gender, and low cognition were associated with higher depression levels. The main differences in the predictor variables of each factor were cognition (Motivation=-0.248, P<.001; Suffering=0.002, P=.648) and the female sex (Motivation=0.015, P<.001, Suffering=0.175, P<.001). In the EURO-D depression scale, poor cognition was associated with higher scores in the Motivation factor only, while the female gender presented higher scores in the Suffering factor.

S117. MODELLING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSIGHT, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND GENDER IN SCHIZOPHRENIA USING STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS

BackgroundStudies about the problem of the lack of awareness of the illness in psychosis have a long trajectory of research (Amador and David, 2004). Previous reported articles exert their insidious negative effects in the evolution and managing of the illness both by the patients and professionals. Lack of insight have been related to a generally poor prognosis of schizophrenia, predisposing to non-adherence with antipsychotic and other negatives influences on outcomes. In the last years, previous analysis from the Insight Barcelona Research Group tried to develop a deeper view of insight dimensions in schizophrenia (Pousa et al., 2017).The impact of gender in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis has been studied extensively in recent decades (Riecher-Rössler and Häfner, 2000; Ochoa et al., 2011). Previous studies about the role of gender in the deficit of insight in psychosis showed inconclusive results. These contradictory findings may be related to differences in the study populations as well as to the use of different instruments to assess insight and other related variables. In these sense, our group presented a previous analysis focused on insight and gender (Cobo et al., 2016) into specific psychotic symptoms. Using the Spanish complete version of the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorder - SUMD (Ruiz et al., 2008) and the Five-PANSS Lidenmayer’s Factors (1995) - Positive, Negative, Cognitive, Depressive and Excitement. No gender differences in the three main dimensions of insight in psychosis were found, neither in awareness and attribution of symptoms when assessed globally. However, gender differences appear in awareness and attribution of particular symptoms when assessed separately, with women showing higher levels of unawareness and misattribution than men. On the other hand, a different pattern of clinical, sociodemographic and functional variables seem to affect insight in men and women differently.AimThe aim of this study was to modelling the influence of psychopathological factors in the deficit of insight in psychosis, taking in account the difference of gender as a relevant variable.MethodsA multicenter sample of 305 patients with schizophrenia who agreed to participate was evaluated in four centers of the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Catalonia). Psychopathological assessment was performed using the Five-PANSS Wallwork’s Factors (2012). Insight and its dimensions were assessed by means of the SUMD. Structural Equation Models (SEM) was used to fix the model in the total sample and by gender.ResultsSEM models for the sample showed a moderate fix capacity. Insight SUMD Dimensions models in the schizophrenia sub-sample were related significantly to Positive, Excited and Depressed PANSS Wallwork’s Factors. Higher scores on Positive and Excited PANSS Wallwork’s Factors reduce de insight scores. Conversely, higher scores in Depressed PANSS Wallwork Factor were associated to greater awareness. In women affected of schizophrenia, SEM models fixed poorly and the lack of association for any isolated PANSS factor, probably due to the size of the subsample.DiscussionThere is a lack of studies in the area. In the previous SEM model of Xavier et al. (2017), disorganized symptoms had the strongest effect on insight. In addition, both in our study and in the study of Xavier et al. (2017), negative symptoms have no significative effect on either illness insight or treatment insight. In our opinion, the possible explanation of the principal differences between the studies is related to the instruments utilized and the sample characteristics. Our data also support gender differences in the influence of psychopatology factors on the insight dimensions.

Impact of Affective Profiles on School Refusal in a Spanish Sample of Primary Education

Although the study of affective profiles has generated great interest in recent years, no investigations were found that analyze their relationship with school refusal. The present study identified the affective profiles arising from combining positive affect (PA) and negative affect derived from the 10-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) and determined the existence of significant differences between the found affective profiles in school refusal measures obtained from the School Refusal Assessment Scale Revised for Children (SRAS-R-C) in a sample of 1575 Spanish students (aged 8–11 years). On the one hand, cluster analyses confirmed the four affective profiles: Self-Fulfilling Profile (high PA and low NA), High Affective Profile (moderately high PA and high NA), Low Affective Profile (low PA and NA) and Self-Destructive Profile (low PA and high NA). On the other hand, post hoc contrasts showed that students from the Self-Destructive Profile scored significantly higher in the first three factors and the total score of the SRAS-R-C in comparison with the rest of profiles. Conversely, the Self-Fulfilling Profile obtained significantly higher scores in the fourth factor of the SRAS-R-C in comparison with the Low Affective and Self-Destructive Profiles. Due to the fact that the first three factors of the SRAS-R-C have been related with the presence of anxious or depressive symptomatology, the results of this manuscript confirmed that the Self-Destructive Profile is the most maladaptive affective profile and it is important to control and reduce the negative emotional reactions expressed by students in school situations.

Évaluation des dimensions psychopathiques sur le mode d’adaptation carcérale

IntroductionThe disorders associated with the coping styles of detainees in prisons, including the interaction between individual and the environment, can be approached in two ways. Either as the result of a normal reaction of prisoners with regard to specific components in a pathogenic environment, or resulting from psychopathological determinants inherent to inmates prior to incarceration. ObjectivesThis study aims to measure the impact of components related to personality traits deemed stable and observed among inmates in regards to their modes of adaptations to the prison environment. More specifically, observing the types of adaptation of prisoners, according to their scores on the Hare psychopathy checklist (PCL-R). MethodsThe study is based on a series of interviews conducted on a sample of 26 inmates in three different detention centers located in France. ResultsThe results show a strong relationship between some psychopathic dimensions and characteristics of conduct disorder or disciplinary offenses in prison. High scores in both factor 1 (interpersonal and emotional relationship) and factor 2 (social deviance) strongly correlates with disciplinary problems such as heteroaggressive violence towards staff or other inmates. While a high score of factor 2 only increases the risk of disciplinary problems, such as group violence or involvement in trafficking. ConclusionsThe presence or absence of certain personality traits that characterize psychopathy could determine how an inmate would adapt to the prison environment.

Personality-Related Determinants of Subtle Cognitive Decline in Old Age: A Population-Based Study

Background/Aims: Recent studies of cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) suggested that besides Alzheimer disease (AD)-related biomarkers, some personality dimensions are associated with progression to AD. To date, there are no studies addressing the psychological determinants of subtle cognitive decline in healthy elderly controls. Methods: 488 community-dwelling healthy controls were assessed with a detailed neuropsychological battery at baseline and an 18-month follow-up. Personality factors and facets were investigated at baseline using the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R). Upon follow-up, there were 264 stable controls (sCON) and 224 deteriorating controls (dCON). Their personality data were compared to those of the 102 MCI cases using one-way analysis of variance and logistic regression models. Results: Significantly higher scores of Openness factor (as well as Aesthetics, Ideas and Values facets) were found in sCON than in both dCON and MCI cases. The three groups did not differ in the other NEO-PI-R factor and facet scores. Openess factor (and the same facets) was associated with cognitive preservation in healthy controls (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87). Lower scores in the same factor and facets conferred higher risk to have MCI (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.79). Conclusion: Higher openness to new experiences and thoughts may be a protective factor against early cognitive decline in brain aging.