Scope Of Water Research Articles

Analysis of River Capacity Rainfall on The Watershed in Village Galapuang Ulakan Region

Natural phenomena that occur often cause disasters and losses for the community and cause some losses both from social, financial, education and so on. Therefore advances in the world of construction and technology in the scope of water here play a very important role in analyzing a disaster that occurs, one of which is flooding. Based on the method used in this research is descriptive quantitative where the analysis is carried out by modeling the cross-sectional capacity of the watershed using the help of HEC-RAS software with a case study of river capacity analysis for rainfall in the watershed in Nagari Kampuang Galapuang Ulakan with a river stem length of 19 km and an area of river 115 km² the analysis interview process was carried out directly to the local community affected by the incident and resulted in a conclusion explaining that the Batang Ulakan Watershed can reach its maximum discharge in just 2 hours 6 minutes 25 seconds. To achieve a peak discharge of 9.51 m³/s from its normal discharge. And during the 25 to 50 year planned rainfall return period, the cross-sectional capacity data found that the geological conditions which have elevations that are not much different between the river sections and residents' settlements have little difference, resulting in the Batang Ulakan Watershed section, Nagari, Galapuang Village, on average, overflowing as high as 0.447 m in each of the Batang Ulakan Region Watershed in the Galapuang Village

Homeopathy and high dilutions in the context of water structure research: the experience in the 9th World Water Forum - 2022

Water plays a vital role in adapting natural and human systems in a climate change scenario. Understanding how this fundamental element of life is organized and functioning is essential to gather, disseminate, and advance knowledge about water at the micro and nanostructure level. With developments in the different research areas, the International Panel on Water Structure – IPWS was created during the 8th World Water Forum (WWF) of Brasília in 2018. Just as the Toronto Conference in 1986 was a milestone for the climate agenda to spark a process of the organization by the scientific community of what became the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC, the 8th World Water Forum held in Brasilia in 2018 became a milestone in the agenda of the micro and nanostructure of water. The IPWS connects leading researchers who develop research on water structure and related fields of knowledge and their most diverse applications from an interdisciplinary perspective. Since 2018, CIRAT – International Center on Water and Transdisciplinarity has been responsible for the executive secretary of the IPWS. In 2020 a partnership between CIRAT and WATER – a Multidisciplinary Research Journal has begun, intending to organize a special edition on Water and Transdisciplinarity to be launched during the 9th WWF, in Dakar, on March 24th, 2022. The whole project was organized by Prof. Leoni Bonamin, from Universidade Paulista, with the support of the Editor-in-Chief of this journal, Prof. Gerald Pollack, from Washington University at Seattle. This special edition aimed to disclose advanced knowledge about water at different structural levels, leading to a new understanding of water in response to the challenges of our century. The focus was on the cross-over of information with technical quality and bold thinking, as shown in Figure 1 below. Homeopathy was included among the themes. It was a multi-step process aiming to offer readers a sample of how frontier science can signal a very different and much more exciting future to the following generations than we usually expect. The objective was to gather scientific quality and allow the authors to propose and discuss hypotheses based on the literature. For this, the manuscripts were initially received, after personal invitations sent to more than 200 researchers in the field, whose contributions were evaluated in a pre-selection based on the scope of WATER. They then went through a thorough two-step peer review process. In the first stage, ad-hoc reviewers were invited to give their opinions. In the second stage, members of the Editorial Board carried out a new detailed analysis of the content to ensure maximum scientific understanding, allowing the authors to be bold in their projects while careful with the methodology. From the Board's organization to the design of the editorial flow and peer review, the entire process was carried out voluntarily by all the actors involved. Thus, the whole editorial process was philanthropic, there were no costs for the authors, and all articles were published as open access. Authors from five countries participated in this project: Brazil, India, Italy, Russia, and the United States. Given the multidisciplinary nature of this special edition, the sequence of articles was organized following a well-defined logic: from the broadest to the most specific topics, culminating in innovative proposals with the possibility of immediate application. For this, different sessions were organized according to the topics: "Opinion Article," "Hypotheses," "Water Structure," "High Dilutions," "Water and Environment," and "New Devices." Four of twelve articles reported results on high dilutions, including its physicochemical properties and the implications on biological systems, such as plants and aquatic animals [1-4]. This initiative inspired all to envision the possibility of offering practical solutions to old problems involving different ways of water management, which could reduce social gaps and improve the quality of life fairly and universally. The Issue will be available online from April 30th, 2022.

The transformation of water and sewage management in Poland and Ukraine in the light of socio-economic and political conditions

The study aims to evaluate and compare the transformations in water and sewage management that have taken place in Poland and Ukraine since the early 1990s. This required the collection of an appropriate dataset. Due to differences in reporting methods between countries, it was decided to select only those variables and indicators that allowed for a comparative analysis. The analysis indicated significant and positive changes in the scope of water and sewage management in both countries. Much greater progress was seen in Poland, where, mainly thanks to EU funding, the costly water and sewage infrastructure was more quickly modernised and expanded. However, it is also emphasised that areas related to water and sewage management in Poland still require improvement. In the case of Ukraine, it is indicated that measures should be aimed most urgently at reducing the quantity of untreated sewage discharged into waters and soils and to increasing wastewater treatment standards (including nutrient reduction, in particular). It is also extremely important to introduce in law – and ensure the effective enforcement of – appropriate environmental protection regulations.

Modified linkage analysis for water-land nexus driven by interregional trade

The scope of water and land resource management has been expanded by the interregional trade beyond a single region's boundary along the trans-regional production chain, and the nexus thinking facilitate the understanding of the multi-resource interrelationships and interactions. For the investigation of the water-land nexus, besides the consideration of land use, this study first considered the soil erosion caused by agricultural activities to reveal the water-land nexus from both land cover and soil layer perspectives. The integrated nexus strength (INS) indicator combining with linkage analysis was introduced to detect the distant connections of water and land in ten counties and one city of the Heihe River Basin in Northwestern China. The results show that, from the regional perspective, Minle and Ganzhou in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin were essential regions for the water-land nexus, as they imported and exported products embodied with intensive water resource, land use, and soil erosion. Suzhou was the major net importer with imports from counties in middle reaches, including Gaotai, Linze, Ganzhou, and Minle. Jinta, located in the downstream of the Heihe River Basin, faced with serious water scarcity, land desertification, and soil erosion problems, still exported large amounts of agricultural products embodied with numerous resources. From sectoral perspective, the Grain Crops and Cash Crops sectors in the middle reaches had higher values of INS-net forward linkage (export direction), due to that the agricultural sector was primary resource consumers in supply chains to support the following production processes. For INS-net backward linkage (import direction), the Foods and Services sectors in the middle reaches were the dominant sectors, in the reason that food processing and service production processes required more primary products with intensive embodied resources to fulfill their production activities.

Sensitivity to scope of water and wastewater service valuations: a meta-analysis of findings from water price reviews in Great Britain

ABSTRACT At the 2014/15 water price reviews in Great Britain, a notionally similar stated preference methodology was used across multiple customer surveys to derive willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for comparable service improvements. Very different valuations were obtained for the same service measures, however, raising questions regarding their validity and reliability. This paper examines the variation in those WTP estimates via a meta-analysis of household WTP values from 18 water companies for five common service measures. Our main finding is that WTP decreased substantially with the service changes offered for valuation, a finding that is inconsistent with expected utility theory, the standard economic theory of rational choice under uncertainty, but is consistent with predictions from prospect theory, and with empirical evidence from related fields. Moreover, the majority of the observed variation in WTP estimates could be explained by differences in the scope of service change offered. The study also finds that WTP increased with the number of households supplied, a finding which is considered likely to be due to altruism, and with GDP per capita, and decreased with the number of attributes included in the study design. Significant risk framing effects are also identified.

Illuminating elimination: public perception and the production of potable water reuse

Given the scope of water and sanitation challenges posed by climate change and continued urbanization, potable water recycling is gaining traction as a means to expand urban water supply and decrease wastewater disposal into waterways. No longer regarded as a system by‐product without value, planners increasingly consider wastewater a displaced resource in need of recirculation. The literature suggests that public perception and institutional barriers are the limiting factors to greater recapture and reuse of wastewater. Implicitly accepting water recycling as a sustainable alternative, much of the research is aimed at overcoming public opposition. However, the trend toward potable water recycling disrupts the normally hidden processes of urban water delivery, treatment, and disposal. In doing so, it provides a rare opportunity to contemplate taken‐for‐granted technologies of waterborne sanitation and to recognize alternative modes of managing human excrement, including composting toilets and dry sanitation. WIREs Water 2016, 3:537–547. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1149This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented

The potential of water markets to allocate water between industry, agriculture, and public water utilities as an adaptation mechanism to climate change

One of the climate change scenarios that have been developed for the Netherlands predicts hotter and drier summers and a substantial drop in river discharge. This might lead to water scarcity with detrimental economic and environmental effects. Among the possible adaptation responses to climate change-induced water scarcity, the re-allocation of water resources among competing uses should also be considered. In this paper, we extend and apply a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the potential of water markets (water allocation according to its shadow price) to guide the allocation of scarce water across agriculture, manufacturing, and public water supply. We develop four scenarios in which the scope of water markets is increased from industry-specific to economy-wide. The results show that the agricultural sector bears nearly all of the losses from a new water-scarce climate, while the manufacturing sectors are able to mitigate their losses to a large extent by technical measures. Extending the scope of water markets unambiguously increases economic output and results in a re-allocation of water to the manufacturing sector from the agricultural sector and from public water services. If, perhaps for political reasons, public water services are excluded from water trading, water is re-allocated from agriculture to manufacturing. Depending on which sectors are included, the construction of a water market can have negative or positive effects on a sector’s output, and although the implementation of water markets may be positive for overall economic output and can hence assist adaptation, the effect on vulnerable or societally sensitive economic sectors, such as public water, should be taken into account when implementing such a market.

Implementation of the quality management system at the Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Safety (LPSR) in Portugal

The paper describes the activities carried out for the implementation of the quality management system (QMS) at the Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Safety (LPSR) in Portugal in order to achieve the management and technical requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 and to get the accreditation for ten tests. The implementation of the QMS based on this international standard allowed LPSR to improve the methods, to identify problems, to implement preventive and corrective actions, to generate valid results and to achieve a stable level of high-quality output recognized by an independent body in the scope of waters, metrology, radiation and radiochemistry.

Numerical Analysis on Ground Displacement at Mined-Out Area of Yuecheng Reservoir Project

Coal mining activity has potential hazards to the safety of the Yuecheng Reservoir Project due to ground subsidence and water seepage. Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model was built and FLAC/FLAC3D program was used for numerical simulation analysis of the ground deformation response with mining of coal, then, displacement characteristics of the roof strata and distribution of overlying stress field were brought out, and the scope of water transmitting fracture zone was calculated.