Scope Of Local Government Research Articles

THE LEGAL POLICY ROLE OF GROUNDWATER TAX ON WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION IN INDONESIA

Purpose: This study discusses the role of legal politics in collecting groundwater taxes on water resource conservation and how earmarking taxes in groundwater taxes is an effort to conserve water resources. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework for this research is anchored in the intersection of legal and political dimensions within the context of groundwater taxation for water resource conservation in Indonesia. The study recognizes that taxation, as a regulatory instrument, currently falls short in effectively curbing excessive and uncontrolled extraction and utilization of groundwater, primarily due to the comparatively low tax rate in relation to the PDAM clean water tariff. Method: The study employed a normative juridical method with analytical descriptive specifications, utilizing library materials as primary data, categorized as readily available secondary data. Analytical descriptive research was employed to comprehensively analyze legal facts through a systematic examination of primary and secondary data. Result and Conclusion: Environmental conservation matters are the scope of local government, which must be regulated in local government taxation politics through regulations for collecting groundwater taxes on water resource conservation. In earmarking, there is a relationship between taxpayers and the benefits obtained from these taxpayers. Earmarking groundwater tax on water resource conservation can overcome environmental damage and benefit taxpayers. Originality/Value: This research investigates the legal dynamics of groundwater taxation in Indonesia, emphasizing the need for effective conservation measures. Utilizing a normative juridical approach, it explores the role of local government taxation policies and proposes earmarking groundwater taxes to bridge the gap between environmental preservation and taxpayer benefits, offering innovative solutions for sustainable water resource management.

Exploring the association between health, local area characteristics and climate action plans in the UK: Cross-sectional analysis using administrative data from 2018 and a citizen science ranking of climate action plans from 2021

Local government has an important role to play in mitigation and adaption to climate change. In the UK, 82% of all emissions fall within the scope of local government. However, in UK climate legislation there is no statutory requirement for local government to address climate change. Eighty percent of local authorities have declared a climate emergency and developed climate action plans. The aim of this study is to explore the association between social vulnerability (poor health, financial resources, deprivation, house prices) and the quality of climate action plans as measured by a scorecard system created by Climate Emergency UK. We hypothesis that areas with lower levels of social vulnerability will have higher quality climate plans. We utilised a citizen science created dataset ranking local government’s climate action plans and administrative data on local area characteristics related to social vulnerability at the local authority level. Descriptive analysis and multivariate regression were employed. We found a very small but significant association between total weighted score, central government funding and average house prices. For the individual dimensions of the quality of climate action plans, higher male life expectancy and house prices were associated with better commitment and integration and having a greater percentage of the population over the age of 65 was associated with a lower score in this dimension. More urban areas and less deprived areas had higher scores for planning climate education, skills and training. We suggest that greater national guidance is needed including sharing good practice on how to build community support and additional funding for climate change mitigation/adaption in particular for education, skills, and training in more deprived areas may help to prevent variations in climate action plans increasing inequalities.

The Relationship Between Supervisory Performance And Quality Of Local Government Financial Reporting On Fraud Prevention With Religiosity And Leadership Style As Moderating Variables

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the relationship between the performance of supervision and the quality of local government financial reporting on fraud prevention with religiosity and leadership style as moderating variables. This study used primary data obtained from the distribution of online questionnaires to auditors at the provincial Inspectorate/District/City in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Pilottest test results of research instruments conducted to 38 auditors at the financial and development Supervisory Agency, as many as 49 questions out of 50 questions in the questionnaire have validity and are eligible to be used for this study. By using a sample of auditors at the provincial Inspectorate / District / City, this study is believed to be able to add insight into the auditor to prevent fraud in the scope of local government.

Financial Crime In The Perspective of Criminal Law

This study aims to analyst the Financial Crime in the Perspective of Criminal Law. This study used a survey method and Employees at the Regional Government of the Aru Islands District as the research subject. Data collection techniques used were interview and observations techniques. The data obtained were analysed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this research is that financial crimes often occur within the scope of local government. This is due to a weak internal control system from the leadership on employee performance.

THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURAL EDUCATION IN HUNGARY

Hungarian cultural education is a special system of concepts and activities that is unique in Europe. Its historical roots can be traced back at least to the first third of the 19th century, the Hungarian Reform Era. The institutional system and the legal background of the supply of cultural tasks are completely established. Laws refer the supply of these tasks to the authority of local governments. However, available data show that besides the nearly four thousand local government institutions, there are two thousand non-governmental and church-run cultural education organizations operating in Hungary. Our present study aims to give an overview of the special characteristics and the current situation of the institutions in the scope of local governments based on application of genneral and special research methods: historical, systemic and structural-functional analysis. On the one hand, it takes into account the information provided by the mandatory statistical data. Furthermore, data from professional publications and conferences on cultural education are also important sources. However, the personal experience of the authors of this study cannot be left out of consideration either. Performing tasks as professional supervisors and qualifying auditors for nearly two decades is an important basis of the findings. Based on the results of the research, we formulated some proposals for professional improvement: (1) Creating a registration system for cultural education institutions, (2) Developing the supply of cultural tasks in sub-counties, (3) Fostering the implementation of quality art programs. We believe that these improvements would also help research in the cultural field: the development of a registration system would help in the continuous monitoring of cultural institutions, and action research could be linked to new methodological developments for in-process development.

After the fire: Perceptions of land use planning to reduce wildfire risk in eight communities across the United States

Wildfire losses are increasing across the United States, and yet land use planning to reduce wildfire risk is not federally mandated and is rarely used by local jurisdictions. We examined local government staff and leaders’ perceptions of land use planning and regulations to reduce wildfire risk, in a range of communities, after wildfire risk had been made evident with the loss of homes due to wildfire. Although policy after fire was largely unchanged we found local leaders had devoted substantial attention to the subject of land use planning. Communities were dealing with a number of internal concerns, including staff perceptions of wildfire risk, staff opinions of planning and regulations, policy coordination challenges, other governmental priorities, and a lack of public support for land use planning and regulations to reduce wildfire risk. Many of these considerations were present across study sites, and thus not easily linked to characteristics of the study site (rural/urban, type of housing lost to wildfire, presence of amenity growth). The scale and scope of local government, the diversity of residents and development, and the social fit between policies and local settings all combine to determine the efficacy and use of land use planning and regulations to reduce wildfire risk. Wildfire is unique among hazards in that the threat continues to evolve along with development, requiring local communities to adapt strategies over time. Successful examples of using land use planning and regulations, in a range of settings, will be increasingly valuable in disseminating the concept of fire adapted communities.

YEREL YÖNETİMLERDE ÇOCUK VE GENÇLERE YÖNELİK REKREASYON PLANLAMASI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA: KARAMAN ÖRNEĞİ

For the future of society, children and young people need to be guided correctly in order to spend better quality leisure time. It is thought that the local administrations providing services to the society will be more efficient in the planning and implementation stage in undertaking this process. This study was carried out in order to determine the priorities in the planning and delivery of recreational activities for children and young people in the local administrations in the province of Karaman. In the line of this purpose; study was restricted with Karaman Municipality, Karaman Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate, Karaman Provincial Health Directorate and Karaman Family and Social Policies Provincial Directorate and study was conducted with official authorities who would give opinions within the scope of purpose. The research is a qualitative study. Descriptive analysis approach is adopted within the framework of qualitative research design. In this study, which was handled with qualitative data collection techniques, semistructured interview technique was used and the questions prepared by the interviewer were directed to the participants verbally. After the thematic content coding, five themes were created such as importance of recreational activities, planning of recreational activities, use of facilities, participation rate in recreational activities and cooperation with institutions. As a result, it was found out from the participants' views that recreational activities will contribute positively to the physical and social development of children and adolescents and will be effective in preventing technology addiction which is one of the problems of today's age. It is also a finding that there are different opinions about the existence of a separate recreation planning for children and young people in local administrations. It is also a finding that not every institution has a facility for the presentation of recreational activities within the scope of local government, but the facilities of different institutions provide an alternative for the provision of of local goverments' recreational services. In addition, it was determined that the rate of to the participation of recreational services were evaluated such as sufficient and inadequate and all participants expressed a common opinion on the necessity of cooperation with different institutions.

MINIMIZING CORRUPTION BY OPTIMIZING THE PRIVILEGE OF ACEH (Constitutional Perspective)

ABSTRACTEradication of corruption is one way to accelerate national development aimed at realizing justice, prosperity, and order for the Indonesian people as a whole based on Pancasila and 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Aceh has been positioned as a special regional government unit, which is a crystallization of the values contained in the local wisdom of the Acehnese people, such as upholding the principle of divinity in all social activities, including in the scope of local government that always adhere to romantic customs.The Essence of the foundation for preventing corruption, especially in Aceh, has been attempted by establishing organic regulations, such as Qanun (from Acehnese language means legislation). Substantially, however, the organic regulations are sometimes not directly addressed to the term of corruption. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate regulation as an effort to accommodate the eradication of criminal acts of corruption. On the same occasion, the synergy of customary institutions as the lowest level of local government unit becomes a necessity, especially Imeum Mukim (from Acehnese language means head of customary government). Imeum Mukim can serve as a locomotive to prevent corruption by strengthening his integrity and competence.The research method used is normative legal research. The type of data used is secondary data, consisting of primary legal material (various forms of legislation), secondary legal materials (data collection of scientific work of scholars and the results of the research relating to the privilege of Aceh Province), and tertiary legal materials (materials providing information on primary legal materials and secondary legal materials, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias). Once the data are collected and considered to be complete enough, the next step is to manage and analyze the data. Data analysis is conducted using qualitative data analysis technique.

What Shapes Research Policy at the Local Government Level? The Establishment of a Research Fund in a Swedish Municipality


 
 
 
 
 
 Research policy in Sweden—and especially financial support for universities—has cus- tomarily been the business of the state, it has thus not figured clearly within the scope of local government. However, Swedish municipalities have increased their focus on re- search policy and have become more active as funders of research and development during the past two decades. As there are a number of circumstances which indicate that local government research funding activities can encounter challenges that differ from those of national funding organisations, it is important to critically examine the role of municipalities as funders of research and consider how local policy conditions, national institutional frameworks and policies shape this role. In this article I analyse the estab- lishment of a research fund to allocate grants to research projects in the Swedish munici- pality of Norrköping. Through identifying crucial phases, tensions and problems in the process of establishing the fund, the article shows that the process was solidly anchored in the needs of local policy interests and coalitions, but also that it was shaped by the key actors’ interpretations of national legal frameworks and policies in relation to the munici- pality’s scope for action in this area. Furthermore, the study shows that while the state appears to have generally been keen to encourage municipalities to invest more in re- search, the municipalities may still be somewhat uncertain about their roles in this area.
 
 
 
 
 

European Charter of Local Self-Government in the Czech Republic

The paper analyzes the application of the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in the Czech Republic. It focuses mainly on the scope of local government (Art. 4 of the Charter) and financial resources (Art. 9 of the Charter). The paper deals with the reservations which were done by Czech Republic to Art. 9 of the Charter. The aim of this paper is to bring readers selected specifics of local governments in the Czech Republic that in practice influence the fulfillment of Charter.

The Determinants of Campaign Spending in Mayoral Elections

We examine why levels of campaign spending vary across U.S. mayoral elections. Although there has been debate about the extent to which spending is damaging or beneficial, few analyses have sought to understand the factors that inhibit or promote campaign spending. We focus on the impact of city-level attributes, political institutions, and contest-specific factors and find that a number of the variables we consider have important effects on campaign spending, including local government form, term length, scope of local government, an experienced candidate pool, and open seat and runoff elections. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for local policy makers.

Rightsizing Government

Public service providers everywhere are hearing the calls for government transformation, and a new wave of rightsizing initiatives has emerged under related concepts such as reengineering, restructuring and reorganization. With the scholarly literature largely focused on cases where cutback management has been practiced in recent decades, governments have been left to grapple with unsustainable fiscal and operational systems without any overarching logic, or guideposts, for change. Nowhere is this more evident than in the city of Detroit, where a swirl of initiatives in this decade has invoked different and potentially competing concepts of rightsizing: one, centered on comprehensive planning of the scope of local government, looking at its functions and organization; a second, centered on streamlining business processes within existing functions and organizations; and a third centered on consolidating the built environment so that public services can be more efficiently configured. Without adjusting the mix of service responsibilities within and across jurisdictions overlapping an area, it is hard to imagine that sustainable reforms of service delivery systems will be realized. A broad-based definition of the sources of a jurisdiction's problems must be demonstrated through data-driven analysis, so that all stakeholders can be engaged around a common roadmap for action.

The role of local Government in marine spatial planning and management in Taiwan

As a result of population growth and economic development, there has been a rapid increase in sea use around the island of Taiwan. Such increased use is placing pressure on the marine environment and its resources. Three draft territory laws (the Draft National Territory Planning Act, the Land Re-conservation Draft Bill, and the Draft Coastal Act) and the Local Government Act are neither consistent nor sufficiently comprehensive. Consequently, local Governments (municipalities and counties) experience difficulties in planning and managing their inshore waters. This paper will discuss the role local Governments plays in marine spatial planning and management. Local Government officials working in specialist marine affairs units from Kaohsiung and Keelung cities were surveyed to elicit their views with regards to management authority, management capacity and resources, officials’ commitment, and intergovernmental coordination/collaboration with respect to inshore waters. In-depth interviews were also conducted with local directors of specialist marine affairs units along with experts, to identify the causes of problems brought to light through the survey and to propose potential solutions to these problems. The study findings indicated that it is necessary to specify the marine spatial planning and management authority, as well as the scope of local Governments, in both the Coastal Act and Local Government Act. In order to sustainably develop Taiwan’s marine and coastal areas, it is important that the following four primary factors (management authority, management capacity and resources, officials’ commitment, and intergovernmental coordination/collaboration) be improved.

The Poll Tax-Origin, Errors and Remedies

This paper begins with an account of the context in which this decision was taken and of the reasons for it. It will then be seen that the situation has developed so very differently from expectations, that a fresh start is required. The over-riding objective when the new system was being devised in I984/5 was to check the persistent growth in local expenditure which had caused so much concern to both Labour and Conservative governments. The situation in Britain was therefore in sharp contrast to that traditionally envisaged in the literature on fiscal federalism which largely reflects conditions in the United States. For it was usually assumed that local government neglects externalities, notably in education, and should, therefore, be encouraged to spend more by schemes for rewarding tax-effort (Musgrave, I 96 I). More recently, when Brennan and Buchanan (i980) have discussed the means of reducing total government expenditure, they recommended an increase in the scope of local government - an astonishing suggestion from a British point of view. Whatever the reasons for such national differences, it should be common ground that the reason for having some taxing power at the local level is to permit some diversity of choice. If the choice is to be effectively exercised, however, an appropriate form of local taxation is clearly required.

Local government policies toward environmentally sensitive areas in British Columbia, Canada; Washington and Oregon, USA

While there has been sustained debate on the issue of provincial and state versus local government environmental planning, maintaining privately owned natural resources in the public interest is increasingly viewed as beyond the scope of local governments alone. This paper describes and compares province- and state-level mandates and options for local governments (i.e., city, county, or district) to regulate land uses of environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) in British Columbia in Canada and in Washington and Oregon in the United States. We define ESAs as landscape elements or places that are vital to the long-term maintenance of biological diversity, soil, water, and other natural resources, especially as they relate to human health, safety, and welfare, both on-site and in a regional context. Underlying similarities are that all three jurisdictions legally express the need for land-use planning by local governments in managing ESAs. Although all three jurisdictions exhibit similar problems in their attempt to accomplish this, ESA planning by local governments is an optional process in British Columbia and Washington but mandatory in Oregon. Furthermore, actual processes prescribed by each of the three jurisdictions are quite different. The information base upon which local regulation of privately held ESAs depends is variable, both within and between the province- and statelevel jurisdictions. Other than for some specific water-related resources, standard definitions and inventory methods for ESAs are lacking, as is coordination among local governments or among the province- and state-level governments. This study concludes that there is a need for a regional environmental information system in the Pacific Northwest based upon an integrated and scientific approach toward ESA structures and functions.