Scientific Technological Activities Research Articles

THE PRIMARY ISSUES WITH OF FINANCING AND MANAGEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

The governments of the Republic of Armenia have assigned both substantive and formal approaches to scientific and scientific-technical activities. Here, a scientific and educational system is currently in place, with both numerous issues and potential for growth. The state system perspective on scientific and scientific-technical operations in Armenia has dramatically evolved, particularly over the previous three to four years. The state budget now includes a large increase in funding for scientific and scientific-technological activities. However, the existing issues that require solutions in the management system of the sector do not provide an opportunity to ensure progress in the development of more important directions of applied relevance. The challenges of funding creative research in the scientific and scientific-technical fields were studied in this paper along with recommendations for their resolution. It was advised to make sure that independent and nominated programs were well-balanced and that the choice of scientific themes was transparent.

Design and Assessment of Survey in a 360-Degree Feedback Environment for Student Satisfaction Analysis Applied to Industrial Engineering Degrees in Spain

The number of students enrolled in engineering studies in Spain is in decline, mainly due to the difficulty in passing the subjects, whose factors may be linked to the science-related content of the subject, a very demanding evaluation system or a lack of active participation of students. The main objective of this study is to provide the student with a 360-degree feedback tool and a survey, from which lecturers can extract the degree of satisfaction of students in its application in a standardized way in scientific-technological activities of BSc/MSc in industrial engineering to quantify learning and motivation. The involvement of students in the assessment process was carried out in three phases: peer-assessment (among students), self-assessment (student himself) and hetero-assessment (teaching staff). After that, a survey was designed, which was validated through confirmatory factor analysis. Ninety-nine percent of the students valued this evaluation experience very positively with respect to the objectivity of the criteria used in the methodology and the material provided by the teaching staff. The fact that only 37.5% of the students considered this experience very favorable for their learning and self-training shows the importance of the teaching staff in their learning process and suggests a need to find complementary improvements to this evaluation system in industrial engineering degrees.

Հայաստանը ժամանակակից նորարարական գործունեության համատեքստում / Armenia in the Context of Modern Innovative Activities

In the current global economy, the role and importance of national economies of individual countries, as well as the economic unions of countries, are characterized based on various indicators, with a special emphasis on innovations and innovative activities. For this purpose, the viewpoints and approaches presented by various authors regarding innovations were researched and identified, the content and importance of innovations in strengthening the state and increasing the rate of economic growth were revealed. By researching the global and regional indicators and developments of the mentioned field, the authors made appropriate analyses and came to a number of conclusions that can be useful for the development and implementation of an effective policy of scientific and scientific-technical activities in the Republic of Armenia, which will greatly contribute to increasing the competitiveness of that type of activity, both in the global market and in regional development. The authors acknowledge that considerable work has been done in the RA to change and improve the state of affairs in the field of scientific and scientific-technological activities. Several legislative acts have been adopted, aiming to enhance the efficiency of these activities. However, the implemented measures lack a systematic and complex nature and serve rather to partially solve local problems arising in the field.

Origins and development of a national scientific policy in Chile: Conicyt, 1967-1981

In 1967, the founding of the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Conicyt) constituted a milestone by creating a national and public body, different from the university, which coordinated and financed scientific-technological activity, linked to the productive development in Chile, and the history of Latin American research councils. Conicyt led a demanding process by debating the contents of a scientific policy in a period in which Chile experienced opposing political-economic development models that conditioned its formulation and objectives. This article characterizes the origins and development of this commission from 1967 to 1981 when the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología was created and a new institutional stage began.

АНАЛІЗ СКЛАДНИКІВ МІЖНАРОДНИХ РЕЙТИНГІВ ОСВІТНЬО-НАУКОВИХ УСТАНОВ УКРАЇНИ

The practical application of the indicators used in the international expertise system is provided by the Law of Ukraine “On Scientific and Scientific-Technological Activity” of November 26, 2015. Since 2010, the government-approved Concepts for the Development of e-Government in Ukraine have had a significant impact on the digitalization of society, in particular on the digitalization of education and research programs and related institutions. Digitalization of program-target planning and management in efficient corporate information systems is becoming an important means of global competition, particularly competition in high technology industries. As of 2021, only a few percent of educational and research institutions (ERIs) in Ukraine are covered by well-known, verified global rankings, which reflects the current situation of the Ukrainian high technology industry. Working diligently with international science and engineering performance, based on modern information and communications technology (ICT), is an integral part of organizational efforts in a globally competitive environment. The use of modern ICTs, in particular, domestic distributed information technologies in scientific and organizational activity can be useful for improving the scientific and technical performance of domestic ERIs. The use of distributed information technologies in scientific and organizational activities should play the role of a decision support system to maximize the world rankings of ERIs of Ukraine under given resource constraints, as well as to plan an effective trajectory for improving these ratings in the dynamics. If such an application is successful, the positive effect will exceed the projected costs by orders of magnitude. The development of science and engineering indicators is similar to the development of financial and economic ratings, and therefore affects the global markets of educational and research services, as well as investments in high technology industries. Given the imperfections of domestic financial markets, these indicators play an important role for domestic ERIs.

"지속가능한 “참여적 과학기술 활동”의 활성화 방안 연구 "

이 연구는 한국 사회에서 최근 부상하고 있는 시민과학, 리빙랩, 팹랩/메이커운동 등 시민참여에 기반한 과학기술 활동의 독자성과 지속가능성을 보장함으로써 내실화를 기하고, 그로부터 활성화방안을 모색하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 먼저, 시민과학, 리빙랩, 팹랩/메이커운동 등의 활동을 하나로 묶을 수 있는 개념으로서 “참여적 과학기술 활동”(PaSTA)을 제안하고 있다. 그리고, 독자성을 유지하면서 지속적으로 활동을 펼치고 있는 국내의 대표적 PaSTA를 대상으로 사례 분석을 시도하고, 그로부터 PaSTA의 지속가능성을 보장해주었던 7가지 요인을 도출해내고 있다. 마지막으로, 선행연구에서 제시된 활성화 방안과의 비교를 통해 7가지 요인의 적절성을 검토하고, 이 분석의 성과와 한계를 밝히고, 지속가능한 PaSTA의 활성화를 위한 중점과제를 도출할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고 있다.

Ієрархія керівних документів державної політики з питань забезпечення наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні

Ієрархія керівних документів державної політики з питань забезпечення наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні

La evaluación en ciencia y tecnología en Argentina. Estado de situación y propuestas

La evaluación es parte fundamental de la política científica y tecnológica de un país y, dado su carácter performativo, es una herramienta que permite introducir cambios en el sector. En este trabajo presentamos una crítica al paradigma hegemónico de evaluación por productos, basado fundamentalmente en indicadores cuantitativos de papers y patentes. Con este marco discutimos las principales problemáticas de la evaluación de la ciencia y la tecnología en Argentina. Entre ellas: el sesgo excesivo hacia lo cuantitativo; el anonimato y la falta de transparencia; la primacía de la evaluación ex ante y realizada exclusivamente por pares; la falta de coherencia con políticas y planes, y el solapamiento de sistemas de evaluación. Finalmente presentamos una serie de propuestas para mejorar los procesos de evaluación en el país, destacando la necesidad de alcanzar una consistencia con las políticas de Estado y con un Plan Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, y de incluir a los actores extra-académicos en la evaluación de la actividad científica-tecnológica.

La constitución de las políticas de investigación e innovación responsables: tensiones en la instrumentalización y la regulación

La política científica y tecnológica europea ha propuesto alinear mejor el proceso y los resultados de las actividades de investigación e ingeniería con los valores, las necesidades y las expectativas de la sociedad europea. No obstante, esta progresiva radicalización de la narrativa, como respuesta a las demandas de mayor responsabilidad, debe lidiar con otros discursos del presente que operan como prescripciones ideológicas y conciben la innovación como motor de la competitividad económica. Hay una tensión de base que se evidencia en la aparente paradoja del nuevo contexto social de la actividad científicotecnológica sometida, por un lado, a una creciente demanda de modelos responsables de investigación e innovación y, por otro, instrumentalizada para resultados macroeconómicos. Nuestra estrategia de análisis sugiere rescatar esta cuestión ligada a los intereses que concurren en la generación del conocimiento, los criterios que rigen las dinámicas del régimen científico-tecnológico y los valores que orientan las políticas científicas. En la tensión de base encontramos una infinidad de elementos heterogéneos que en ocasiones se contradicen y que disputan entre sí por formas alternativas de instrumentalizar y regular las dinámicas del sistema de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. En la gobernanza de esa tensión se constituye el modelo de investigación e innovación que las políticas europeas y nacionales desarrollan como respuesta a los desafíos globales.

The role of fundamental science in the development of society

With the facts of the science history, engineering, technology and education, article describes the science changes over thousands of years, public attitudes toward science, and it's particularly use in different historical periods. Outlines the principles of financing for research, invention and scientific-technological activities. In detail explained role of fundamental science in society. The conclusions about the organization of the education system in which fundamental science will be able to fulfill our social role in society.

Scientific mediation: on social processes, contexts and networks in which scientists are embedded

Science and Technology Studies have discussed extensively over the social factors that hinder and facilitate scientific-technological activities. Some authors even have attempted to grasp the cultural and power conflicts involved in the definition of concepts, paradigms and research programmes. I will present here a reflection on the concept of 'scientific mediation' which provides a complementary approach about the social networks that constrain, help and constitute scientific research activities. A definition of this concept and some empirical examples will be provided. Nonetheless, I want to emphasise the social processes and contexts that allow us to understand mediations as something else than mere communication and conflict resolution. Secondly, I will defend such an approach in order to support scientific research, but I think that the analysis of scientific mediation needs to be clearly separated from the ideal conceptions of knowledge-society and democratic-ethos. Socialisation of science, finally, is stressed in its meaning of collectively sharing useful knowledge for the improvement of social justice.

The Necessity for New Forms of International Organization of Scientific-Technological Activity

Permit me to direct attention to Academician Kapitsa's colorful remark that we all now live in quarters. But these are shared quarters that we came to after living in private ones, and rules of humanistic communal behavior should be established for its residents. This is one of the basic principles on which the set of measures to improve the environment must be built. Its existence is one of the most important tasks of organizing international collaboration with respect to ecological problems.