Team Of Scientists Research Articles

Controls on spatial variation in porewater methane concentrations across United States tidal wetlands

Tidal wetlands can be a substantial sink of greenhouse gases, which can be offset by variable methane (CH4) emissions under certain environmental conditions and anthropogenic interventions. Land managers and policymakers need maps of tidal wetland CH4 properties to make restoration decisions and inventory greenhouse gases. However, there is a mismatch in spatial scale between point-based sampling of porewater CH4 concentration and its predictors, and the coarser resolution mapping products used to upscale these data. We sampled porewater CH4 concentrations, salinity, sulfate (SO42−), ammonium (NH4+), and total Fe using a spatially stratified sampling at 27 tidal wetlands in the United States. We measured porewater CH4 concentrations across four orders of magnitude (0.05 to 852.9 μM). The relative contribution of spatial scale to variance in CH4 was highest between- and within-sites. Porewater CH4 concentration was best explained by SO42− concentration with segmented linear regression (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.54) indicating lesser sensitivity of CH4 to SO42− below 0.62 mM SO42−. Salinity was a significant proxy for CH4 concentration, because it was highly correlated with SO42− (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.909). However, salinity was less predictive of CH4 with segmented linear regression (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.319) relative to SO42−. Neither NH4+, total Fe, nor relative tidal elevation correlated significantly with porewater CH4; however, NH4+ was positively and significantly correlated with SO42− after detrending CH4 for its relationship with SO42− (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.194). Future sampling should focus on within- and between-site environmental gradients to accurately map CH4 variation. Mapping salinity at sub-watershed scales has some potential for mapping SO42−, and by proxy, constraining spatial variation in porewater CH4 concentrations. Additional work is needed to explain site-level deviations from the salinity-sulfate relationship and elucidate other predictors of methanogenesis. This work demonstrates a unique approach to remote team science and the potential to strengthen collaborative research networks.

Team science in interdisciplinary health professions education research: a multi-institutional case study.

The interdisciplinary nature of health professions education requires exploration of problems by interdisciplinary research teams. Drawing on the Dynamics of Cross-disciplinary Research Development conceptual framework, this study explores the processes and experiences of an interdisciplinary research team, identifying elements of successful collaboration. Case study data were collected from a team of nine researchers from six universities. Data included meeting minutes and researcher reflections. Researcher reflection and meeting minute themes converged within the framework constructs: Contexts and inputs, social learning processes, social capital outcomes, and knowledge and human capital outcomes. This study provides a blueprint for interdisciplinary researchers indicating that successful collaboration starts with transparent, distributed leadership. The convergence of data illustrates how social learning processes, social capital outcomes, and knowledge and human capital outcomes facilitate research team outcomes.

Team Science in Family Medicine Research.

Collaboration, particularly interdisciplinary collaboration, is very common in family medicine research. Interdisciplinary collaboration and team science are encouraged and have significant advantages but they also have challenges to implementation. Addressing those challenges, even with changes to how promotion and tenure are conceptualized to reward team science is necessary for family medicine research to continue to grow and prosper.

Economic Sociology and Management in the spectrum of modern managerial and economic ideas

The article is devoted to the radical transformation of the structure of knowledge in modern economic sociology and managerial theory, to the transition from slender hierarchies of ideas (the top of which consists of a small number of axioms, and the base of which consists of multiple specific recommendations) to the postmodern market of concepts. The authors made a comparative analysis of such transformation in economic sociology and managerial theory, revealed general regularities and specific factors that determined the difference between the scientific fields of these science. The latter include: 1) subjects conducting scientific research (in managerial theory, along with scientists, managers, consultants, people somehow connected with business were engaged in such practice), 2) a terminology of sciences (in managerial theory, a specific language for communication between managers and employees was actively created), 3) the use of marketing and PR-technologies to promote ideas. The totality of these factors determined a special “landscape” of the subject areas of economic sociology and managerial theory.The article concludes that despite the existing problems caused by multiparadigmality, the emerging “flexible” format of socio-humanitarian knowledge opens new opportunities for creativity in rapid changes of social reality, obsolescence of classical approaches to its cognition, as well as the realization of the variety of phenomena and processes in the field of economics and management.In such situation, each scientific team should choose its own special place in the exhibition of ideas, create its own “exhibits” attractive to the scientific community and the general public. Among the variety of topical and demanded research directions, the article identifies three key thematic blocks reflecting the scientific priorities of the Department of Economic Sociology and Management of Moscow University: 1) institutional changes and institutional context of socio-economic and managerial processes, 2) aging population and digitalization as key factors of economic and management transformation, 3) socio-economic processes and phenomena in the mirror of digital communication.

Oxygen optodes on oceanographic moorings: recommendations for deployment and in situ calibration

Increasing interest in the deployment of optical oxygen sensors, or optodes, on oceanographic moorings reflects the value of dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements in studies of physical and biogeochemical processes. Optodes are well-suited for moored applications but require careful, multi-step calibrations in the field to ensure data accuracy. Without a standardized set of protocols, this can be an obstacle for science teams lacking expertise in optode data processing and calibration. Here, we provide a set of recommendations for the deployment and in situ calibration of data from moored optodes, developed from our experience working with a set of 60 optodes deployed as part of the Gases in the Overturning and Horizontal circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (GOHSNAP). In particular, we detail the correction of drift in moored optodes, which occurs in two forms: (i) an irreversible, time-dependent drift that occurs during both optode storage and deployment and (ii) a reversible and pressure-and-time-dependent drift that is detectable in some optodes deployed at depths greater than 1,000 m. The latter is virtually unidentified in the literature yet appears to cause a low-bias in measured DO on the order of 1 to 3 µmol kg−1 per 1,000 m of depth, appearing as an exponential decay over the first days to months of deployment. Comparisons of our calibrated DO time series against serendipitous mid-deployment conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD)-DO profiles, as well as biogeochemical (BGC)-ARGO float profiles, suggest the protocols described here yield an accuracy in optode-DO of ∼1%, or approximately 2.5 to 3 µmol kg−1. We intend this paper to serve as both documentation of the current best practices in the deployment of moored optodes as well as a guide for science teams seeking to collect high-quality moored oxygen data, regardless of expertise.

Abstract A055: Tumor muscle invasion promotes tumor heterogeneity and normal muscle reprogramming

Abstract Aggressive human prostate tumors traverse a contractile smooth muscle pseudo-capsule, in a process termed extracapsular extension (ECE), defining the pT3 pathologic stage associating with increased biochemical recurrence, bone metastases, and cancer-specific mortality. While T3 lesions can be detected by non-invasive mpMRI imaging, how the tumor invades into and through the contractile muscle is unknown. Using a mouse xenograft model system of ECE, we investigated the transcriptomic consequences of human tumor invasion into and through the contractile smooth muscle of the mouse diaphragm. Both human and mouse gene transcripts were documented and analyzed. Tumor cells were intraperitoneally injected into male NSG mice and 6 weeks later, three tumor compartments (pre-invasive, muscle-invasive, and super-invasive cells that had reached the superior diaphragm surface) were analyzed for differential bulk human and mouse gene expression. Whole genome transcriptomic sequencing and GO pathway analysis revealed that approximately 414 human genes were differentially expressed between the non- invasive, muscle-resident, and super-invasive tumor populations and at least 5 enriched pathways were involved. The unique expression gene patterns of muscle-resident tumor cells were reversible when compared to the pre-invasive and super-invasive expression patterns. Significant increases in g-H2AX and nuclear deformation were observed in the muscle-resident tumor clusters as compared to the non-invasive tumor mass. No differences in tumor cell proliferation, as detected by Ki67 staining, were found between the tumor clusters in the three compartments. Immunohistochemistry staining for a damage response cytokeratin (KRT6A) and integrin (CD49f) revealed heterogeneity within the muscle resident tumors as compared to the non- invasive cells. Taken together, these data suggest a hostile contractile muscle environment elicits specific responses by the invading tumor. Single cell analysis within each of the tumor compartments is currently underway to define the spatial heterogeneity of gene expression in invasive tumor cell clusters within the contractile muscle. A dynamic reciprocity of the tumor/muscle microenvironment is suggested by the analysis of the bulk transcriptomic sequencing demonstrating a significant increase in mouse muscle bio-synthetic gene transcription as a consequence of the human tumor penetrating the tissue. Taken together, these data indicate that human tumors, during the act of traversing the contractile muscle layer, respond to this unique microenvironment by transiently altering transcription, while sustaining nuclear damage which results in the reprogramming of the muscle. This new information suggests that novel tumor or muscle biomarkers might indicate early muscle invasion events and assist new high-resolution image analysis for precision diagnostic and/or therapeutic decisions. (Supported in part by P30 CA23074; F30 CA143924, UACC Team Science Award). Citation Format: Kendra D Marr, Beatrice S Knudsen, Rafael Sainz, Kelvin W Pond, Noel E Warfel, Belinda E Sun, Anne E Cress. Tumor muscle invasion promotes tumor heterogeneity and normal muscle reprogramming [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr A055.

Education and Team Science in Neurocritical Care

Education and Team Science in Neurocritical Care

Working across boundaries

Abstract We are delighted to publish the abstracts presented at the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) Annual Conference 2024 in this International Journal of Pharmacy Practice Issue Supplement. The conference entitled ‘Working across boundaries: Embracing new opportunities and empowering excellence’ included the themes of: Enhancing patient care; Advancing the workforce; Science &amp; Research; and Your RPS. It was held both online and in person at Convene, 133 Houndsditch, London on 8 November 2024. As the flagship event for the RPS, the conference hosted a full day of discussions centred on the topic of cross-boundary working, from dealing with medicines shortages, to prescribing and clinical supervision, to the strategic work of the RPS, and finally to innovations and research that will be shaping practice. The morning’s keynote presentation was delivered by Dr Liz O'Riordan, a breast oncology surgeon who herself has had breast cancer three times, speaking on the topic of high-quality care from the perspectives of being both a medical doctor and a patient. The conference also included a keynote panel discussion in the afternoon with the four of the United Kingdom’s Chief Pharmaceutical Officers, namely David Webb (NHS England), Andrew Evans (Welsh Government), Cathy Harrison (Northern Ireland), and Alison Strath (Scotland). The event included a multitude of research and innovation presentations, as posters and orals, many published as abstracts herewith. We were particularly pleased to see the return of five oral research presentations selected from the submitted abstracts, covering a breadth of methodologies. We would like to acknowledge all those who have contributed to making this event happen, in particular members of the conference steering committee co-chaired by Helen Chang and Anna Pielach at the RPS; Leah Burton and Lauren Ross from the RPS Science and Research team who managed the abstract processes; Dr Christopher Martin and Dr Diane Ashiru-Oredope, also from the RPS Science and Research team, who joined the Conference Abstract Review Panel; Science and Research Committee members who joined us on the Conference Abstract Review Panel, namely Dr Mar Estupiñan Fdez. de Mesa, Dr Andy Fox, Prof. Amira Guirguis, Dr Gillian Hawksworth, Prof. Delyth James, Dr Rachel Palmer, and Dr Ka-Wai Wan, as well as additional members of the Conference Abstract Review Panel, including Dr Paul Forsyth, Ola Howell, Dr Louise Hughes, Dr Matthew Ivory, Prof. Catriona Mathieson, Prof. Hamde Nazar, Prof. Philip Rogers, Dr Julian Smith, and Dr Sara Visram. In common with previous years, this Supplement has been prepared ahead of the conference, so that it is ready in time. Simon White, Cathrine McKenzie, Christine Bond, Amira Guirguis, and Parastou Donyai Simon White, Deputy Chair of the RPS Science and Research Committee and co-Chair of the Conference Abstract Review Panel Keele University Cathrine A McKenzie, member of the RPS Science and Research Committee and co-Chair of the Conference Abstract Review Panel University of Southampton Christine Bond, Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, member of the RPS Science and Research Committee and co-Chair of the Conference Abstract Review Panel University of Aberdeen Amira Guirguis, Chair of the RPS Science and Research Committee Swansea University Parastou Donyai, RPS Chief Scientist The Royal Pharmaceutical Society

Preparing PhD Students for Tenure-Track Faculty Positions.

With an increasing number of nursing faculty approaching retirement, it is critical to prepare PhD students to take on tenure-track faculty roles. There are a multitude of competing time demands for nursing faculty, and one way that PhD students can prepare for faculty roles is leading team-based science with their peers during their predoctoral program. To describe the process of PhD students leading an independent research project, in addition to their dissertation work, which aimed to incorporate the tripartite mission- scholarship, teaching, and service. This paper outlines the components of the PhD-student-led project, as well as provides recommendations for leadership and schools of nursing as well as sponsors interested in funding this type of work. Students were able to conduct independent research using diverse research approaches, practice mentoring skills, and provide service and helpful information about the nursing workforce to their academic clinical partner. A key component of this relationship building was incorporating a clinical fellowship during the PhD program for students that directly aided the transition from BSN to PhD programs. PhD students learned valuable lessons about time management and collaborating in a team setting with peers. We recommend school of nursing seek funding opportunities for PhD students to conduct independent team science, encourage academic partnerships with affiliated medical centers and public health settings, and facilitate peer mentorship across cohorts.

Enhancing Capacity for Primary Care Research in Cancer Survivorship: National Cancer Institute Meeting Report.

Many components of long-term cancer follow-up and survivorship care are managed in the primary care context. Given the important role that primary care has in survivorship care, it is critical to ensure that teams in these settings are prepared to address long-term needs. Evidence-based strategies to deliver survivorship care in primary care settings in the US remain limited. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Office of Cancer Survivorship (OCS) conducted a day-long virtual event, Enhancing Capacity for Primary Care Research in Cancer Survivorship: A Workshop for Action, on February 28, 2024, to discuss research needs addressing the intersection between primary care and cancer survivorship. Topics discussed to advance this area of research included: system-level interventions, methods and measurement, and mentorship and research team building, especially for early career researchers. The purpose of this report is to provide a summary of the key findings. Gaps and opportunities include: (1) health systems-level research that investigates primary care practice-level capacity, (2) identification and characterization of the targeted cancer survivor populations for primary care research; (3) leveraging electronic medical records to track relevant patient outcomes throughout survivorship; and (4) development/creation of communities of practice to support and build research capacity. Team science approaches were identified as a core strategy to advance survivorship research. The meeting closed with a reflection and call to action focused on building collaborations that span different research areas, disciplines, and organizations and building a broad network of a primary care practice focused research.

Reducing research waste through team science.

Reducing research waste through team science.

Lost in translation: key lessons from conducting dissemination and implementation science in Zambia

BackgroundAs the field of implementation science continues to grow, its key concepts are being transferred into new contexts globally, such as Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), and its use is constantly being reexamined and expanded. Theoretical and methodological positions commonly used in implementation research and practice have great utility in our work but in many cases are at odds with LMIC contexts. As a team of implementation scientists based in Zambia, we offer this commentary as a critical self-reflection on what has worked and what could limit us from fully utilizing the field’s promise for addressing health problems with contextual understanding.Main bodyWe used a ‘premortem,’ an approach used to generate potential alternatives from failed assumptions about a particular phenomenon, as a way to reflect on our experiences conducting implementation research and practice. By utilizing prospectively imagined hindsights, we were able to reflect on the past, present and possible future of the field in Zambia. Six key challenges identified were: (i) epistemic injustices; (ii) simplified conceptualizations of evidence-informed interventions; (iii) limited theorization of the complexity of low-resource contexts and it impacts on implementation; (iv) persistent lags in transforming research into practice; (v) limited focus on strategic dissemination of implementation science knowledge and (vi) existing training and capacity building initiatives’ failure to engage a broad range of actors including practitioners through diverse learning models.ConclusionImplementation science offers great promise in addressing many health problems in Zambia. Through this commentary, we hope to spur discussions on how implementation scientists can reimagine the future of the field by contemplating on lessons from our experiences in LMIC settings.

Effect of virtual case-based learning (CBL) using the flipped class and peer instruction on the motivation to learn basic sciences

BackgroundAccording to Self-Determination Theory, active learning methods, as alterations to the learning environment, can influence students’ academic motivation to learn. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of virtual case-based learning sessions on the learning motivation of first- and second-year medical students.MethodsA total of 258 students, 128in the intervention group and 130 in the control group, were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of medical students who had not previously participated in virtual case-based learning sessions and were trained in the same curriculum as the intervention group. Two questionnaires were created to evaluate learning motivation in basic science and the motivational outcomes of virtual case-based learning sessions, drawing on the three fundamental needs outlined in Self Determination Theory. The questionnaires were designed through individual interviews with students and validated using Lawshe’s method and Cronbach’s Alpha. The virtual case-based learning sessions were designed as a series of webinars on various topics, with students randomly divided into groups and assigned trained moderators. Clinical scenarios were designed by a team of basic scientists and clinical educators. Each virtual case-based discussion consisted of three phases and was completed in three days. Comparisons between two groups were made using the two-sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the motivational consequence questionnaire.ResultsThe results of the study indicated that virtual case-based learning sessions had a significant impact on the learning motivation of basic science students (p < 0.01). Additionally, the most notable motivational consequences of CBL sessions were basic sciences applicability and its interestingness.ConclusionsThe study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of virtual case-based learning sessions and suggests avenues for future research. The findings of this study could be useful for educators and institutions seeking to enhance the learning motivation of medical students through virtual case-based learning sessions. However, further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of virtual case-based learning on student motivation and academic performance.

Multiple New or Updated Satellite Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) Composites (1978–2023)

Several total solar irradiance (TSI) satellite missions have been carried out since 1978. None of these missions have lasted more than one to two solar cycles (SCs), and each mission implies a slightly different absolute TSI baseline. Nonetheless, several satellite composites have been developed by compositing satellite data from different missions to form an almost continuous daily record for the satellite era. However, disconcertingly, each mission has implied slightly different changes in TSI between consecutive solar minima and solar maxima. Some groups have developed adjustments to individual missions that have substantially reduced these differences. Others prefer to use the original data published by the satellite science teams. Some TSI composites average together conflicting records, while others prioritize specific records over others. Here, we compare four existing composites to 17 new alternative series based on the available satellite data. These 21 TSI series are statistically sorted into six groups of three to four series each. We found that the six groups suggest different intercycle trends between solar minima. We compare the groups to eight daily resolved solar proxy-based TSI reconstructions and to daily sunspot numbers. Excellent agreement is obtained over one to two SCs, but significant differences are observed over longer timescales for each group. Therefore, we have assembled all these time series (old and new) into a large and new TSI data set for use by the scientific community. Versions scaled to 1 au (for studying solar variability) or in situ values at Earth (for studying solar/terrestrial interactions) are provided at daily, monthly, and yearly resolutions.

Joint Action JACARDI: a context analysis on CVDs and diabetes policies and practices

Abstract Issue/problem Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in Europe, with 63 million people living with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and 32 million with diabetes (DM) in 2019. The EU-co-funded Joint Action on CVDs and diabetes (JACARDI), with 76 partners from 21 countries, aims to reduce CVDs and DM burden at European level through 142 pilot projects. Description of the problem For an effective and tailored pilots’ implementation, a preliminary step is to assess the current state of strategies and services for CVDs and DM prevention and management in Europe. We adopt the Gap Analysis methodology aiming to evaluate the gap between the current and the ideal state, the latter defined according to scientific evidence, best-practices, guidelines, and expert’s opinions. For this purpose, 12 questionnaires, one for CVDs and one for DM for six different thematic areas, were developed through a participatory approach that fostered the collaboration between the scientific coordination team and the project members. Results Questionnaires were sent to National Focal Points for health covering 29 European countries. We anticipate receiving responses from each country covering aspects related to the legal and strategic framework, the intersectoral and equity-oriented approaches, the funding and the service delivery and capacity for CVDs and DM. This information will be collected across each of the six thematic areas corresponding to six technical Work Packages (WP): health literacy, data, screening, integrated-care pathways, patients self-management, labour participation. The survey will be completed by June 2024, and results by WP and country will be presented. Lessons The context analysis, based on the Gap Analysis methodology, allows to identify gaps between the current and ideal state in CVDs and DM prevention and management. This will guide JACARDI’s pilots to address gaps and serve as a roadmap to inform European policy-makers. Key messages • The context analysis will provide an invaluable overview of the current European state of CVDs and DM prevention and management. • The context analysis will support JACARDI’s pilots in addressing identified gaps and policy-makers in shaping public health responses.

The Intersection of Community Engagement and Team Science Research: A Scoping Review

The Intersection of Community Engagement and Team Science Research: A Scoping Review

Prioritizing health, well-being, active ageing needs in Lithuania: insights from stakeholders

Abstract Background The rate of aging in Lithuania is faster than the EU average. The number of long-term health problems in older (65+yrs) people increases, posing changes in societal needs. The aim of our study was to identify the most important needs of older people in Lithuania. Methods Generic qualitative inquiry employed purposeful sampling of stakeholders in Lithuania: policymakers, administration, academia, civil society, health care, social service, public health, organizations of elderly. 43 experts, engaged in online focus groups, generated a list of needs for health, wellbeing, active ageing in elderly; they deliberated to prioritize top 5; scientific team condensed a list of 10 for voting to determine final 5 national needs. Research was done within project “Roadmap to improve the health and well-being of the ageing population in the Baltic Sea Region (AgeFLAG)”, 2020. Results Top needs identified were: shaping healthy lifestyle habits and motivation for change (72%) / age friendly environment and virtual assistive technologies (72%); person centred care (domiciliary care, residential care and nursing, social activities and etc. depending on the needs and wishes of the older person) (58%); increasing and maintaining physical capacity (56%); intersectoral collaboration and integration of social and health services (53%); establishment of positive public attitudes towards elderly people (50%). All stakeholders indicated that “Establishment of positive public attitudes towards elderly people” is the corner stone of all priorities for action to healthy ageing in Lithuania. Conclusions The main issue hindering active and healthy ageing in Lithuania - negative image of ageing in the society. Recommendations on the public health actions included promoting intergenerational conversation, reducing stigmas around ageing, strengthening social inclusion, generating age-friendly environments, and creating a safe space for self-realization and development. Key messages • The main issue hindering active and healthy ageing in Lithuania – negative image of ageing in the society. • The change in the population requires the transformation of health care and social care systems building age friendly environments in Lithuania.

Education researchers as negotiators: Leveraging expertise across teachers and scientists to implement authentic data investigations in grade 7–12 classrooms

AbstractIncorporating authentic research skills and practices into K‐12 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) instruction is a challenging yet crucial approach for introducing students to authentic science inquiry. While recommendations for emphasizing data literacy and quantitative reasoning in science classroom contexts are well‐established, implementation remains challenging. Over the span of 4 years (2019–2023), a multi‐institution team of teachers, education researchers, and forest scientists established a partnership with the overarching goal of integrating authentic forest research and data into middle and high school classrooms. The education researchers played a critical role in facilitating effective scientist and teacher interactions while addressing classroom implementation challenges. Importantly, the effectiveness and mutual benefits of the research partnership were greatly influenced by specific practices implemented by the education research team, and the assumption of different collaborative roles by all stakeholders involved. In this study, we examine these roles, relationships, and interactions of all stakeholders in the partnership, with “stakeholder” referring to participating teachers, education researchers, and collaborating forest scientists.

Research and scholarly methods: Research collaboration

AbstractThe pursuit of research and scholarly productivity is critical for clinician scientists, yet achieving impactful outcomes often necessitates collaboration within a well‐structured team. This review explores the foundational elements of team building that support sustained research productivity among health care professionals and academicians. Drawing on principles from team science, the importance of establishing a shared vision and mission, fostering authentic relationships, and creating an efficient infrastructure to enhance and sustain collaborative efforts is discussed. The four stages of team development—forming, storming, norming, and performing—are examined to provide insights into the dynamic nature of teamwork. Emphasizing the need for intentional practices, we highlight methods for identifying and integrating team members, managing conflicts, and leveraging diverse skill sets to achieve collective goals. Best practices for sustaining research teams, including the implementation of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Assignable, Realistic, Time‐related) goals, regular retreats, and strategic alignment of activities to maximize output are also discussed. Two collaborative teams are used as exemplars to illustrate the successful application of these principles, resulting in significant scholarly output. By understanding and applying the concepts of team building, clinician scientists can enhance their research output, contribute to the advancement of health care, and achieve a fulfilling and sustainable career.

From stable teamwork to dynamic teaming in the ambulatory care diagnostic process.

Dynamic teaming is required whenever people must coordinate with one another in a fluid context, particularly when the fundamental structures of a team, such as membership, priorities, tasks, modes of communication, and location are in near-constant flux. This is certainly the case in the contemporary ambulatory care diagnostic process, where circumstances and conditions require a shifting cast of individuals to coordinate dynamically to ensure patient safety. This article offers an updated perspective on dynamic teaming commonly required during the ambulatory diagnostic process. Drawing upon team science, it clarifies the characteristics of dynamic diagnostic teams, identifies common risk points in the teaming process and the practical implications of these risks, considers the role of providers and patients in averting adverse outcomes, and provides a case example of the challenges of dynamic teaming during the diagnostic process. Based on this, futureresearch needs are offered as well as clinical practice recommendations related to team characteristics and breakdowns, team member knowledge/cognitions, teaming dynamics, and the patient as a team member.