Scientific Research Sector Research Articles

Digital Ethics for Human Resources and Administrative Controls and Legal legislation to Employ the Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Research Sector

Digital Ethics for Human Resources and Administrative Controls and Legal legislation to Employ the Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Research Sector

Potential of Zinc Oxide-Graphene Quantum Dots and Zinc Oxide-Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dot Nanocomposites as Neurotrophic Agents.

Over the past few decades, zinc oxide nanoparticles have also proven to be essential to a variety of scientific research sectors, including antimicrobial therapy, tissue engineering, bioimaging, biosensors, drug delivery, gene delivery, and bioimaging. There is an urgent need to establish and develop unique alternative treatment modalities to treat neurodegenerative disorders due to the shortcomings of the existing drugs. As a possible therapy for brain diseases and disorders, the ability of the nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as their reduced toxicity, solubility, and biodegradability has lately attracted attention. Scientists are quietly turning their attention to develop green synthesis of nanoparticles as an alternative to the physical and chemical techniques of producing the same. Existing literature has emphasized the use of ZnO for the potential treatment of cerebral ischemia and its neuroprotective properties. This work discusses the potential of ZnO prepared using Gynura cusimba extract and its nanocomposites with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and its nitrogen doped variant, N-GQDs as neurotrophic agents, in accordance with our previous report on the use of GQDs and N-GQDs as neurotrophic agents. Pristine ZnO nanoparticles as well as composites were duly characterized by using several techniques to confirm the formation of the nanocomposites. Biological evaluation using the neurite outgrowth assay following the cell viability assay revealed that incorporation of GQDs and N-GQDs enhanced the neurite length in comparison to that of pristine ZnO with the nanocomposites of N-GQDs showing comparatively better results, corroborated by the real-time PCR studies as well.

Employing human resources at the Algerian University Policy, procedures, and impact of the organizational culture

Giving the increased awareness of the importance of human intellectual capital for institutions of higher education in particular and national development in general, organizational and labor theorists and intellectuals have paid great attention to the standards and foundations to be followed in order to attract and select the most efficient and worthy human resource for positions commensurate with their abilities, qualifications, and competencies. This attention is noticeable at the constitutional and legal levels. Algeria is one of the countries whose constitution states that public service is a right of all citizens to be exercised in accordance with the principles of justice and equality. This has been reflected in all the legal and regulatory provisions relating to public employment, particularly in Algeria’s higher education and scientific research sector. These provisions have ensured this right while prioritizing qualified human resources, which constitute an implicit case of the recruitment process’s role in selecting the most efficient, effective, and worthy human capital (faculty members) at the level of higher education institutions.

Quantifying trade-related carbon emission in China's provinces: Insight from sectoral production technology heterogeneity

Regional trade not only promotes economic growth but also induces inter-regional transfer of carbon emissions. To realistically evaluate the effect of regional trade on carbon emissions, this study investigates the impact of carbon intensity heterogeneity in bilateral trade sectors on regional carbon emissions based on the emission responsibility allotment principle, establishing a credit and penalty mechanism. The key points for improvement in carbon efficiency are identified from regional and sectoral perspectives to promote carbon emission reduction through bilateral trade adjustment. The results demonstrate superior trade performance in developed regions than that in less developed regions, as the former has reduced emissions (44 Mt) and emissions by the latter have increased (54 Mt). From the perspective of emission reduction, Jiangsu should increase trade with Hubei and reduce trade with Guangdong. At the sectoral level, Jilin should increase trade in the scientific research sector (9 Mt), while Jiangsu should increase trade in the construction sector (8 Mt). Moreover, the key point of sectoral carbon efficiency improvement in each region are identified using sensitivity analysis. By analyzing the impact of bilateral trade on regional carbon emission from the heterogeneity of carbon intensity in China's inter-provincial trade sector, this study provides support for strategic policymaking and collaborative regional emissions reduction to promote the advancement of China's carbon neutralization goals.

The Relationship Between the Scientific Activities in Research Laboratories with Webometrics Ranking of Algerian Universities: An Empirical Investigation

Algeria has paid attention to the higher education and scientific research sector through the five-year scientific research and technological development programs (1998-2002, 2008-2012, and 2014-2019). The study aims to evaluate the scientific research activities in Algerian universities within the framework of scientific research programs, to study the relationship of scientific activities by researchers in Algerian research laboratories with Webometrics ranking of Algerian universities. It is eluted what are the scientific activities of Algerian researchers which have the most impact on the ranking of Algerian universities in the Webometrics ranking. We adopted the experimental, exploratory approach by collecting, exploring, and analyzing the correlation between of data from the Algerian university rankings according to the number of researchers in the research laboratories, the number of citations, the number of patents, published papers, and the ranking of each Algerian university in Webometrics ranking, by Spearman’s correlation coefficient to test the strength and signification of the correlation between these rankings. The results showed development in the various components of scientific, material, human and financial research, but it is not enough. Also, despite many research laboratories, researchers at these laboratories, and the improvement in the number of internationally published research in each Algerian university, this did not contribute to improving its global Webometrics ranking due to the weakness of the relationship with activities of researchers in Algerian research laboratories. The result showed that the Algerian university is not interested in its virtual presence on the web, which negatively affected its Webometrics ranking. The researchers conclude that to improve the ranks of Algerian universities in various aspects, they must improve their global ranking according to the number of citations. Accordingly, to improve the ranking, international visibility of Algerian universities, decision-makers must adopt indicators of ‘research quality’ (number of citations), ‘research production’ (publications) in financing and accrediting research laboratories.

Egypt and the Global Value Chain: A Road Map Proposal

· Purpose This research aims to identify the current status of Egypt's participation in the global value chain (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) while highlighting the main requirements and obstacles that face such participation. · Methodology The paper investigates the current status of Egypt's participation in the global value chain, adopted the qualitative approach through conducting semi-structured interviews with all relevant parties from the governmental and private sectors in addition to experts in the field. Also, a focus group was conducted with relevant parties to analyze the current status of Egypt's participation in the global value chain and to identify the obstacles it faces. These qualitative data were analyzed using narrative data analysis methods · Findings From the semi-structured interviews and the focus group, it was concluded that Egypt has many weaknesses and challenges that limit its participation in the global value chain. Accordingly, all sectors must work on linking the domestic value chain with regional and global value chains. · Research limitations This research only used structured interviews and focus groups as research instruments. Nevertheless, more research methods, such as surveys with significant stakeholders, could be used in future research to increase its value and relevance. · Practical implications The paper provides a road map proposal to increase Egypt's participation in the global value chain, with a review of the role of different sectors to link the domestic value chain with regional and global value chains. · Originality/value This paper proposed a road map to enhance the participation of Egypt in global value chains. Also, the paper advanced detailed action plans for different involved sectors, such as trade and investment, export and logistics, the international and multimodal transport sector, and the scientific research sector.

Clustering as an effective tool for managing small business development in a region with a special status

The article examines small and medium-sized businesses as the most important sector of the economy of the Lugansk People’s Republic. Foreign experience in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises under crisis economic conditions is studied. It is determined that in this direction success can be achieved as a result of clustering. The author concludes that the merger of large enterprises with small and medium-sized businesses will contribute to the development of regional small business, and effective use of the resource potential of the Lugansk People’s Republic in conditions of certain territorial limitations. It is proposed to form a republican cooperation, which will allow to develop cluster structures in the region, based on flexible and individual concentration of enterprises, taking into account geographical features. It is mentioned that it is advisable to organize a regional cluster with a clear structure of a multifaceted process, where the chief participants are small and medium-sized enterprises, large enterprises, government bodies of the Lugansk People’s Republic, the scientific research sector, which interact via regulatory and resource support and use the multifunctional infrastructure of the cluster. The proposed structure of the regional cluster will contribute to the efficiency of small and medium-sized businesses and develop a synergistic effect. The author has formulated a number of problems that hinder the development of cluster policy. To eliminate these problems, it is proposed to involve the clustering of small and medium-sized enterprises as an integrated process into the regional development strategy and the program of socio-economic development of the Lugansk People’s Republic to speed up the phenomena associated with institutional constraints in the creation and development of clusters.

Micro-business in France: specificity, role in the national economy, system of state support

Micro-business functioning has a significant impact on the state of the economy and social sphere of any country. The French pattern is noteworthy because a country, that had been aiming at the development of large groups for a long time earlier, only in two decades managed to build a successful system of governmental support for micro-business that includes both specific and common measures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study attempts to identify current development trends of the micro-business in France and also to analyse the effectiveness of the state support system provided for the activities of the considered category of the economic entities. Depending on the nature of the subject matter, the author used such methods and approaches of scientific knowledge as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, system-structural, comparative and statistical analysis. The study analyses in detail the current development trends of the micro-business in France, including its sectorial and regional specifics, estimates the contribution of micro-enterprises to the economic and social development of the country and deeply examines the system of state support. Micro-enterprises take an important place in the French economy by providing one fifth of the employment in the country and the same share of value added. Meanwhile, micro-enterprises are quite weakly oriented towards export because their activities are targeted mainly at the local markets and concentrated in the services sector. Micro-enterprises contribute little to research and development (considering the percentage of total expenditure on research and development and the percentage of total employment in scientific research sector). However, micro-business remains an absolute leader in terms of research and development intensity by spending almost one third of its turnover on researches and considering the share of the direct financial assistance from the state in total expenditures on scientific researches. To date, a sufficiently effective system of public support to micro-business has been formed in France. Apart from providing financial assistance, the system includes substantial tax benefits and simplified taxation schemes, easy reporting system and simple procedures for filing tax return, facilitated social regime, simplification of major bureaucratic formalities and strong information support in all stages of functioning of an enterprise.

دور الدولة فی إحیاء العمل بمؤسسة الوقف الخیری فی قطاع التعلیم العالی والبحث العلمی

کان نشاط الوقف في التاريخ متطورا وملحوظا من حيث الإمکانيات والغايات فقد بلغت الأوقاف مقدارا کبيرا من مجموع الثروة الإنتاجية في جميع المجتمعات الإسلامية ووصلت أملاک الأوقاف الى عقارات رئيسية في قلب المدن، أجود الأراضي الزراعية، المساجد، المدارس، المستشفيات، ودور الأيتام. ولکن شهد نشاط الوقف ضمورا ملحوظا خاصة في الأزمنة الحديثة، وبرزت حوله مشکلات عدة حدت من أهميته وفاعليته. واليوم في ضوء ندرة الموارد وتعاظم الحاجات المجتمعية قد تتسم مؤسسات الوقف بالجاذبية إلى حد کبير بالنسبة للحکومات التي تواجه قيودا حالية في الإنفاق العام. وبالتالي قد تسهم تلک المؤسسات بتحقيق مکاسب الکفاءة في تمويل بعض مشروعات البنية الاساسية الاجتماعية أو توفير الخدمات القائمة على مشاريعها، وبالتالي تقليل التکاليف التي تتحملها الدولة لتوفير هذه المشروعات. ومن ثم تبحث هذه الورقة مشکلات مؤسسة الوقف الخيري في مصر في محاولة لصياغة اليات تعيد احياء تلک المؤسسة واستخدامها بفاعلية وکفاءة في تمويل قطاع التعليم العالي والبحث العالي. El Waqaf activity in history was an evolving and remarkable in terms of capabilities and goals El Waqaf reached a large amount of the total productive wealth in all Islamic societies and the its properties has been estimated by the major properties in the cities، the best agricultural lands، mosques، schools، hospitals، and orphanages. However، El Waqaf activity has witnessed remarkable atrophy، especially in modern times، and several problems have emerged around it that have limited its importance and effectiveness. Today، given the scarcity of resources and the growing social needs، El Waqaf institutions may be attractive solution to governments which facing current constraints on public spending. Thus، these institutions may contribute to achieving efficiency gains in funding some social infrastructure projects or providing services based on their projects، thus reducing the costs incurred by the state to provide these projects. Then this paper examines the problems of El Waqaf system in Egypt in an attempt to formulate policies to revive that institution and use it effectively and efficiently in financing the higher education and scientific research sectors.

دور الدولة فی إحیاء العمل بمؤسسة الوقف الخیری فی قطاع التعلیم العالی والبحث العلمی

کان نشاط الوقف فی التاریخ متطورا وملحوظا من حیث الإمکانیات والغایات فقد بلغت الأوقاف مقدارا کبیرا من مجموع الثروة الإنتاجیة فی جمیع المجتمعات الإسلامیة ووصلت أملاک الأوقاف الى عقارات رئیسیة فی قلب المدن، أجود الأراضی الزراعیة، المساجد، المدارس، المستشفیات، ودور الأیتام. ولکن شهد نشاط الوقف ضمورا ملحوظا خاصة فی الأزمنة الحدیثة، وبرزت حوله مشکلات عدة حدت من أهمیته وفاعلیته. والیوم فی ضوء ندرة الموارد وتعاظم الحاجات المجتمعیة قد تتسم مؤسسات الوقف بالجاذبیة إلى حد کبیر بالنسبة للحکومات التی تواجه قیودا حالیة فی الإنفاق العام. وبالتالی قد تسهم تلک المؤسسات بتحقیق مکاسب الکفاءة فی تمویل بعض مشروعات البنیة الاساسیة الاجتماعیة أو توفیر الخدمات القائمة على مشاریعها، وبالتالی تقلیل التکالیف التی تتحملها الدولة لتوفیر هذه المشروعات. ومن ثم تبحث هذه الورقة مشکلات مؤسسة الوقف الخیری فی مصر فی محاولة لصیاغة الیات تعید احیاء تلک المؤسسة واستخدامها بفاعلیة وکفاءة فی تمویل قطاع التعلیم العالی والبحث العالی. Abstract El Waqaf activity in history was an evolving and remarkable in terms of capabilities and goals El Waqaf reached a large amount of the total productive wealth in all Islamic societies and the its properties has been estimated by the major properties in the cities، the best agricultural lands، mosques، schools، hospitals، and orphanages. However، El Waqaf activity has witnessed remarkable atrophy، especially in modern times، and several problems have emerged around it that have limited its importance and effectiveness. Today، given the scarcity of resources and the growing social needs، El Waqaf institutions may be attractive solution to governments which facing current constraints on public spending. Thus، these institutions may contribute to achieving efficiency gains in funding some social infrastructure projects or providing services based on their projects، thus reducing the costs incurred by the state to provide these projects. Then this paper examines the problems of El Waqaf system in Egypt in an attempt to formulate policies to revive that institution and use it effectively and efficiently in financing the higher education and scientific research sectors.

MODERN STATE AND PRIORITIES FOR FORMING THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM OF GEORGIA

In the article the current state of the Georgian NIS is shown with the identification and characterization of its still few components, then the priorities for its formation are outlined and justified in the context of the following constituent blocks: the blocks for ensuring the state innovation policy, innovation, the scientific-research sector, technology transfer organizations and other elements of innovation infrastructure, the system of cooperation with international innovation environment, innovation financing unit, training unit, unit to support projects implemented by donors, the block to support innovation development of agriculture. Some directions of the formation of innovation clusters in Georgia were briefly discussed.

Analysis and Simulation Methods of the Mechanisms for the Innovational Development

The paper dedicates in commemoration of K.A. Bagrinovsky, known scientist, doctor of economic sciences, professor. His thesis was theoretic problems of mathematical modeling and operation of economy. His works in the operations research, the methods making decision, the simulation were received in scientific world. The analysis and the modeling of the mechanisms for scientific and technological development for the production systems of different level in economic hierarchic both centrally controlled economy and making mechanism were conduced by Bagrinovsky in CEMI RAS. The paper presents the investigations (2001–2015) of the analysis and the simulation of the different mechanisms of the innovational activity. It also discusses the methods of the development the complex of the simulation models. In a sense simulation modeling is the science and the art as the selection of the salient parameters for the construction model, intake simplification, the computer experiment and the making decision based on scarcity of accuracy models rest on the heuristic power of men: the practical trial, the intelligence and the intuition. K.A. Bagrinovsky introduced the considerable endowment in the development of this direction for economic and mathematical investigation.The principal object was to show that the relationship between the innovational policy and the technological structure, scientific research sector and the introducing of the progressive production and the organizational structure is obtainable by the models. The character of these relationships may be to use in control of the parameters for the modernization economic. The construction simulation models and the experimental computation analysis were presented the investigations the different mechanisms of the innovational development ant the variants of the estimation have been accomplished on the modeling level by the computer experiment.

The End-use Electric Energy Consumption in Urban Areas: A GIS-based methodology. An application in the city of Naples.

This work is part of the scientific research sector concerning the Government of Urban and Territorial Transformations in order to promote efficiency and reduction of energy consumption in urban areas. The contribution proposes a further deepening of the research work already carried out under the project Pon Smart Energy Master by the research group of the Laboratory of Territory, Mobility and Environmental (TeMA Lab) of Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II. The aim is to assist public authorities, that also deal with the Urban Energy Governance, in determining the quantitative distribution of domestic and non-domestic electric energy consumption. Toward this goal, we use the Big Data, the Open Data and the Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. In particular, this work developed a innovative GIS-based methodology that allows the knowledge, classification and representation of real electric energy consumption at micro scale for the domestic and non-domestic. Also, we validate the GIS-based methodology by an application at the city of Naples. We used the electric energy consumption data of year 2011 were given by Municipality Authority and Italian Revenue Agency. This will allow the identification of the electric energy problems present in the area of analysis in order to plan any intervention strategies. This contribution is divided into three main parts. In the first part, an analysis of the scientific literature is proposed on the theme of the Government of urban and territorial transformations and opportunities arising by Big Data, Open Data and GIS in the reduction of electric energy consumption. The second part explains the theoretical and technical phases that led to the development of the GIS-based methodology. In the last part, the application of the GIS-based methodology at the City of Naples is described.

Probing the Heart and Mind of the Viewer: Scientific Studies of Film and Theater Spectators in the Soviet Union, 1917–1936

A vast array of research institutes and cultural organizations began to study the viewer of Soviet cinema and theatre in the years following the October Revolution. These investigations called on the techniques of sociology, psychology, and physiology to make Soviet cultural production more “efficient” and “rational.” Belying the conventional assumption that the cultural revolution of 1928–1932 brought empirical research in aesthetics to an abrupt end, this paper traces the continuation and redefinition of studies of the viewer in the Soviet Union after the “Great Break.” My analysis of the work of the “Scientific Research Sector” at the State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) between 1933 and 1936 outlines how Stalin-era researchers shifted their gaze from viewers’ tastes and attitudes to questions of perceptual management and effectiveness. Exploring the VGIK researchers’ attempts to determine the “laws” of aesthetic perception and optimize intelligibility, the article brings to light the developments in scientific knowledge underwriting Soviet culture's transition to a form “accessible to the millions.”

Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Remote Sensing and Scientific Research: Classification and Considerations of Use

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have evolved rapidly over the past decade driven primarily by military uses, and have begun finding application among civilian users for earth sensing reconnaissance and scientific data collection purposes. Among UAS, promising characteristics are long flight duration, improved mission safety, flight repeatability due to improving autopilots, and reduced operational costs when compared to manned aircraft. The potential advantages of an unmanned platform, however, depend on many factors, such as aircraft, sensor types, mission objectives, and the current UAS regulatory requirements for operations of the particular platform. The regulations concerning UAS operation are still in the early development stages and currently present significant barriers to entry for scientific users. In this article we describe a variety of platforms, as well as sensor capabilities, and identify advantages of each as relevant to the demands of users in the scientific research sector. We also briefly discuss the current state of regulations affecting UAS operations, with the purpose of informing the scientific community about this developing technology whose potential for revolutionizing natural science observations is similar to those transformations that GIS and GPS brought to the community two decades ago.

Cell biology in India: The future needs an international perspective

There is a lack of trained scientists to fill the increasing number of jobs and funding opportunities in the Indian scientific research sector. This is a great opportunity for the international scientific community to help build and nurture a vibrant cell biology research community in India.

The Position of Scientific Research Sector in the Arab Homeland and Promoting Requirements to improve the Economic Performance with indicating to the Case of Algeria.

The Position of Scientific Research Sector in the Arab Homeland and Promoting Requirements to improve the Economic Performance with indicating to the Case of Algeria.

Without science, we are nothing

Here in the UK, we are bracing ourselves for a possible 25% cut in government funding to the country's scientific research sector. Major projects — including even Britain's involvement at Cern (the Geneva-based home of the Large Hadron Collider research project) — are at risk. Critics say this is shortsighted, pointing out that the US, France and Germany are all increasing their investment in science and technology, taking a long-term view of its return in terms of growth. Is it possible that the British government just can't see how much science can potentially contribute to the development of the economy and, indeed, to society in general? Surely not. Presumably, the government feels that science is something that can be cut back in the short term, without undue consequences. Clearly, it is not high on their list of priorities. But do tissue viability practitioners hold science in any higher regard?

The gift of the lab [relationship between scientific computing and enterprise IT

The scientific research sector and mainstream IT are reaping the rewards of a two-way exchange of ideas. This paper plots this feverish sphere of intellectual transfer. The relationship between scientific computing and enterprise IT has become much closer since the ascent of the World Wide Web entered into public consciousness during the 1990s. Before then scientific computing was the fount of most innovations in IT, including the Internet itself, which initially evolved as a vehicle for exchanging information and ideas within research communities. Scientific IT was the driving force for progress in high-performance computing, data analysis, database management, and real-time process control, with the business community gratefully picking up the crumbs some years later.

Water Resources Scientific Data Sharing in China

Sharing scientific data sharing about water resources is an indispensable component of national fundamental data-sharing construction and the science and technology innovation system. To implement data sharing about water resources, which covers a broad extent and a great variety of data, is a difficult task because of the technical complexity and, more critically, non-technical factors, such as data policy, standards, and sharing circumstances. In this paper, the status of water resources scientific data sharing is analyzed at home and abroad, and some concepts are presented regarding these analyses. Using data from the Scientific Data Sharing Project, the authors study the system of data sharing about water resources and propose technological standards and managing and servicing systems of data sharing of water resources for the public as well as for the scientific research sectors of the nation.