Scientific Prospects Research Articles

The North-South problem: on the possibilities of comparing interregional inequalities in Italy and Russia

The article examines the possibilities and scientific prospects of comparative studies of interregional differences and inequalities in Russia and Italy. These countries, located at a considerable distance, belonging to different geographical zones, cultural environments and civilisational areas, differ significantly in their global status. Despite the self-evident nature of these differences, they have long been perceived in both the Russian and Italian research traditions as countries subject to comparison. They act for each other - and to a large extent because of the same differences - as a conceptual resource, an element of the external environment and external surroundings, a source and factor of development. This comparability has its regional dimension. It extends to the field of research on interregional inequalities and contradictions, examining the dialectic of "center - regions" and forming a special comparative direction in terms of research methodology. This study is an excursion into the field of historical, sociological and political regional studies. The author evaluates the achievements and results obtained by domestic and Italian authors, as well as the prospects for scientific developments in this area. Interregional inequalities, inevitable for Italy, which was among the countries that "came second", given their relatively late introduction to the technogenic civilisation, have acquired the meaning and significance of a national problem. Almost from the moment of the emergence of a single Italian state, it has been known as the southern question. The North-South dichotomy in Italy is the embodiment of regional differences, disproportions, and contradictions. It reflected the conflict between the unification of traditionalist social structures and the need to preserve their diversity. This dichotomy remarkably seemed to anticipate the formula of the same name of modern times, which denotes the division and split of the modern global world into rich northern and poor southern countries. In conceptual schemes of variability, that is, on the one hand, unity and similarity, and on the other, differences between Russia and Italy, including in the field of comparative regional studies, contrasting comparisons, which were more or less rightfully attributed a constant character, have long prevailed. This established picture of variability has undergone significant modifications in the process of erosion of political subcultures of both the left and right persuasion, secularisation and rationalisation of public consciousness. The author concludes that the example of Italy shows how archaic social practices can be combined with modern technologies, and this can give rise to very bizarre social collisions.

Scientific prospecting of lignocellulosic and inorganic supports used to immobilize Candida rugosa lipase in the biodiesel production process

Scientific prospecting of lignocellulosic and inorganic supports used to immobilize Candida rugosa lipase in the biodiesel production process

SARATOV SCHOOL OF DERIVATOLOGY: PROBLEMS, RESULTS, PROSPECTS

The article presents the leading issues of research by Saratov derivatologists, describes the main results of the joint scientific search of the participants of the International Scientific Seminar “Development of the word-formation and lexical system of the Russian language”, functioning on the basis of the Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky (SGU) since 2008 under the guidance of professors O.I. Dmitrieva and O.Y. Kryuchkova, scientific prospects for further work are indicated. It is shown that research traditions in the field of word-formation derivatology developed at Saratov University in line with the development of a synchronous-diachronic method for analyzing semantic-word-forming subsystems and word-forming processes. Its application contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of word production, the identification of the word-formation potential of the language. Within the framework of derivatological issues, SGU has formed the main staff of its developers, identified scientific areas of research in the field of word-formation and lexico-semantic dynamics, published 7 collections of scientific articles, 8 monographs (2 of which are collective), 3 doctoral and 6 candidate dissertations were defended. Scientific activity is carried out in several directions: 1) a general methodology for the synchronous-diachronic study of word-formation subsystems and processes has been developed, the principles of synchronous-diachronic analysis of semantic-word-formation subsystems have been substantiated, the main trends in language dynamics have been identified and described; 2) complex synchronous-diachronic descriptions of a number of word-formation processes (intraverbal prefixation, reduplication), semantic-word-formation subsystems (abstract nouns, agentive verbs, evolutive verbs) were carried out; 3) diachronic description of word families with separate etymological roots; 4) the leading tendencies of neologization as a synchronous-diachronic process in the system of verbal vocabulary of the Russian language have been identified; 5) the problem of studying metaphorization as a derivational process is posed; 6) for Saratov derivatologists, the issue of the dynamics of the correlation of system-linguistic and individual-authorial in the process of word creation, as well as system-linguistic and functional, determined by the specifics of the use of word-building and lexical means in the text, remains relevant. The further perspective is determined by the study of the semantic and derivational specifics of the process of neologization of verbal vocabulary from the standpoint of linguistic diachrony, the identification of factors of cognitive modeling of the linguistic consciousness of native speakers by means of word formation, the description of the evolution of macro-units of the word-formation system: word-formation categories and word-formation families, their synchronous-diachronic analysis. Along with the already available synchronous-diachronic descriptions of other semantic-derivative subsystems, this should ultimately contribute to the development of the concept of historical derivatology.

Chemical-Biological Activity of Nanodiamond Colloids

The study of the Nanoscale Diamonds (NDs) and their water suspensions has opened huge opportunities for their technological and biomedical applications. Therefore, the interaction of ND with water is actively studied. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the biochemical behavior of suspensions with low carbon content, despite their great scientific prospects. This work aims to fill this gap in scientific literature.

Trends in research on cacti: the food of the future.

Cacti are a distinguished group of plants that stand out for their great nutritional values, diverse uses, and unique morphology, allowing them to grow and thrive under different conditions such as dry, xeric, and even low-temperature environments. The world is going through significant climate changes that are affecting the agriculture system. Therefore, sustainable and multifunctional crops, as many species of the Cactaceae family are, might be a good alternative in the near future. In this work, the uses of cacti in human food were analyzed through a scientific prospection from the point of view of their temporal and spatial distribution and potential uses. Brazil is the country with more publications related to the scope of this work, followed by Mexico. The presence of cacti in these countries can influence their interest in these species, which might reflect the results encountered in this study. The uses and ethnobotanical applications of cacti vary in different countries worldwide. Cactus is consumed fresh (in salads), in preparations (jams and sweets), and juices, being also present in traditional dishes in countries like Mexico. This study emphasizes cacti's importance in people's diets and ongoing world changes. Their ability to thrive even in hot environments with low water resources will lead to a greater focus on these species in the upcoming years. Furthermore, these plants have great flavor and contain several beneficial chemical compounds with desirable nutritional and health properties. Therefore, knowledge dissemination combined with technological innovations will allow greater use of these multifunctional species for human consumption. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Recent trends and economic significance of modified/functionalized biochars for remediation of environmental pollutants

The pollution of soil and aquatic systems by inorganic and organic chemicals has become a global concern. Economical, eco-friendly, and sustainable solutions are direly required to alleviate the deleterious effects of these chemicals to ensure human well-being and environmental sustainability. In recent decades, biochar has emerged as an efficient material encompassing huge potential to decontaminate a wide range of pollutants from soil and aquatic systems. However, the application of raw biochars for pollutant remediation is confronting a major challenge of not getting the desired decontamination results due to its specific properties. Thus, multiple functionalizing/modification techniques have been introduced to alter the physicochemical and molecular attributes of biochars to increase their efficacy in environmental remediation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in developing multiple functionalized/modified biochars via biological and other physiochemical techniques. Related mechanisms and further applications of multiple modified biochar in soil and water systems remediation have been discussed and summarized. Furthermore, existing research gaps and challenges are discussed, as well as further study needs are suggested. This work epitomizes the scientific prospects for a complete understanding of employing modified biochar as an efficient candidate for the decontamination of polluted soil and water systems for regenerative development.

The High Energy Light Isotope eXperiment program of direct cosmic-ray studies

HELIX is a new NASA-sponsored instrument aimed at measuring the spectra and composition of light cosmic-ray isotopes from hydrogen to neon nuclei, in particular the clock isotopes 10Be (radioactive, with 1.4 Myr lifetime) and 9Be (stable). The latter are unique markers of the production and Galactic propagation of secondary cosmic-ray nuclei, and are needed to resolve such important mysteries as the proportion of secondary positrons in the excess of antimatter observed by the AMS-02 experiment. By using a combination of a 1 T superconducting magnet spectrometer (with drift-chamber tracker) with a high-resolution time-of-flight detector system and ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, mass-resolved isotope measurements of light cosmic-ray nuclei will be possible up to 3 GeV/n in a first stratospheric balloon flight from Kiruna, Sweden to northern Canada, anticipated to take place in early summer 2024. An eventual longer Antarctic balloon flight of HELIX will yield measurements up to 10 GeV/n, sampling production from a larger volume of the Galaxy extending into the halo. We review the instrument design, testing, status and scientific prospects.

Technological and scientific prospection of phycocyanin production from Spirulina (Arthrospira spp.): optimization and application in ice cream

Technological and scientific prospection of phycocyanin production from Spirulina (Arthrospira spp.): optimization and application in ice cream

Technological and Scientific Prospection on Pigments Produced by Microorganisms.

Interest in natural pigments has grown due to the negative aspects caused by synthetic options, which trigger damage to the body and the environment. Research with natural pigments produced by microorganisms becomes viable in relation to other pigments extracted from animals or plants, as microorganisms have advantages in terms of versatility and productivity. Thus, production technologies are protected by patents. To evaluate the evolution of research and technological development on producing natural pigments by different microorganisms through scientific and technological prospection. Scientific prospecting was done by searching articles published from 2010 to 2020 in the Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases. Technological prospecting was carried out with patents obtained from the European Patent Office (ESPACENET) database. The searches were based on the keywords "pigment" and "dye" crossed with microalgae, fungi, bacteria and yeast. A total of 2.811 articles and 451 patents were selected. Scientific prospecting has shown interest in alternative cultivation media, and among the microorganisms that produce pigments, fungi and microalgae are the most studied. Technological prospecting showed that 375 (83%) recovered patent documents refer to the protection of pigment extraction and production techniques and that the largest patent holders are private companies, followed by Chinese universities.

Revealing the secrets of a 2900-year-old clay brick, discovering a time capsule of ancient DNA

The recent development of techniques to sequence ancient DNA has provided valuable insights into the civilisations that came before us. However, the full potential of these methods has yet to be realised. We extracted ancient DNA from a recently exposed fracture surface of a clay brick deriving from the palace of king Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BCE) in Nimrud, Iraq. We detected 34 unique taxonomic groups of plants. With this research we have made the pioneering discovery that ancient DNA, effectively protected from contamination inside a mass of clay, can successfully be extracted from a 2900-year-old clay brick. We encourage future research into this subject, as the scientific prospects for this approach are substantial, potentially leading to a deeper understanding of ancient and lost civilisations.

Green Corrosion Inhibitors Based on Plant Extracts for Metals and Alloys in Corrosive Environment: A Technological and Scientific Prospection

The use of inhibitors is one of the most efficient methods to protect metals against corrosion, which affects many sectors and generates a significant effect on the world economy. This paper presents a prospection using plant extracts as green corrosion inhibitors, aiming at the use of environmentally friendly input. For this, the authors used scientific articles and patents, with recovery of 335 articles and 42 patents related to the subject, as the source. Most technological solutions consist of extracts prepared from leaves of interest plant species, with tests carried out in acidic corrosive environments, with carbon steel (SAE1020) being the most researched material to be protected. Among the identified technologies, some point to corrosion inhibition greater than 80%. The scientific and patent literature points to the excellent performance of these compounds added to the other data collected in the present study, indicating that the exploration of this area is on the rise and very promising. Special highlight is given to the studies and development of green inhibitors in Brazil, considering the potentialities of its high vegetable biodiversity.

Drug Reprofiling: A Prospective Approach to Battle Chronic Ailments

AbstractThe concept of drug “reprofiling” has garnered attention in the recent past post the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 when traditional drug discovery seemed to fail. Even though repurposing is called pharma-friendly in terms of monetary relief, clinical trials play an integral role in repurposed nontarget /combination moieties. Nevertheless, when a drug exhibits no returns to the market, an exhaustive study on mechanism of action (MOA) can help for reprofiling of drugs for new indications. However, several papers have claimed that scarcity of resources and data access, and staffing issues, tends to pull down reprofiling of drugs. In contrast to this notion, a total of 155 patented articles to date give a strong base for drug repurposing. In the present review, a scientific prospection of reprofiled antifungal and antiviral agents for the past decade was made using the PubMed database wherein a total of 410 and 768 publications have resulted respectively. The authors have attempted to focus their attention to repurposing antifungal drugs for chronic ailments and infectious diseases by understanding their MOA.For example, antifungal azoles, which work by blocking ergosterol synthesis, can be repurposed as they inhibit histone deacetylase as well significantly decrease the production of cytokines and modulate the inflammatory pathways used by cancer cells.Hence, we believe that the mentioned Food and Drug Administration-approved drug candidates can be utilized to treat nontarget diseases, notably rare/neglected diseases as well as chronic illnesses and the more recent viral infections that are spreading globally.

COST ACCOUNTING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Cost management becomes the most effective aspect in effective business management. This is determined both by the limited growth of margin income in the stable trends of low added value, and by industry features. The relevance of the presented research is determined both by the dynamic development of the construction industry, which indicates the concentration of risks, and by the increasing potential in optimizing conditionally constant and conditionally variable costs, which are characteristic of construction. The search for reserves to reduce the cost of construction and increase profitability requires management data on the real level of costs. Research in the field of cost management and accounting is receiving increasing attention from researchers due to the scientific prospects of this area of economic knowledge.The purpose of the research is to clarify the features of cost management and their accounting in construction, taking into account current trends in the development of the industry.Research methodology: the use of general scientific methods of cognition (synthesis, analogy, generalization, deduction) allowed us to develop general patterns in the management of costs in construction. Data collection, study and comparison were carried out using empirical methods. When processing and systematizing the data, grouping and classification methods were used, which made it possible to identify opportunities for allocating new cost groups in the management accounting system. The information and statistical base of the study was compiled according to official periodicals and information and analytical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The originality / value of the study lies in the fact that it summarizes, evaluates and expands knowledge about costs in the construction industry, clarifying the impact of cost classification in improving the accounting of variable and fixed, direct and indirect costs.Findings. The author analyzes the main issues related to determining the cost of housing construction. The main types of costs arising in construction are clarified, the differentiation of costs for the purposes of their management and distribution in margin management is carried out, the issues of cost accounting in the context of financial and managerial accounting are investigated.

Fields of Activity of Volodymyr Goshovskyi (Dedicated to the Centenary of the Scientist)

In the conditions of the Russian occupation, when Ukraine is fighting for independence, the commemoration of the centennial anniversary of one of the “titans” of Ukrainian ethnomusicology, Volodymyr Hoshovsky (1922–1996), acquires special national significance.
 The article reviews the spheres of activity of the scientist throughout his life starting from his childhood. The diverse upbringing and education of the European level formed V. Hoshovsky’s interest in the exact sciences and humanities, as well as in art, even in his childhood. This diversity of interests allows you to respond to changing life circumstances and master a new profession.
 After receiving a doctorate in philology and ethnography at the Charles University in Prague (1944), V. Hoshovsky prepared to become a scientist and became a polyglot. His main linguistic studies fell on the Prague period: work at the Institute of Slavic Studies, teaching at the Modern Languages Club, brilliant proposals and scientific prospects for the future.
 Ethnographic studies took place in Uzhhorod in 1946–1948. V. Hoshovsky headed the ethnographic department of the Uzhhorod Historical and Ethnographic Museum, began an in-depth survey of the folk culture and lifestyle of the villages of the Transcarpathian region, and organized a number of large exhibitions.
 The strengthening of ideological pressure and the closing of the ethnographic department led to the search for a new field of activity and realization as a professional musician. V. Hoshovsky obtained a second higher education – this time – in music. He graduated from the Lviv State Conservatory named after M.V. Lysenko (1953), as in Prague, having chosen two specialties. As a result, he became the first professional guitarist and the first professional conductor of an orchestra of folk instruments in Transcarpathia. A passion for musical aesthetics and musicology was added to the performances. His musical activity was very intense.
 Since 1955, V. Hoshovsky entered the field of ethnomusicology, which turned into his life’s work. His research on folk music evolved, delineating three periods. In the early period (Uzhhorod, 1955–1961), the scientist focused on regional studies: he carried out numerous field surveys of Transcarpathian villages, began the study of the history of musical folklore of Transcarpathia, studied the kolomyika in the context of Slavic studies, and engaged in the discovery of the musical dialects of Transcarpathia.
 In the mature period (Lviv, Yerevan, 1962–1986) V. Hoshovsky significantly expanded the range of scientific interests, reached the level of Carpathian studies, Slavic studies and cybernetic ethnomusicology, completed studies in the field of musical dialectology, significantly updated the research methodology by involving the methods of linguistics, semiotics, genetics, cybernetics, etc. The main his works were the anthology “Ukrainian Songs of Transcarpathia” (1968), the monograph “On the Origins of Folk Music of the Slavs” (1971), the two-volume collection of Klyment Kvitka’s works “K.V. Kvitka. Selected Works” (1971, 1973), development of UNSACAT (on the basis of Lviv analytical maps, and in cooperation with Armenian programmers), computer research of Ukrainian, Slovak, Armenian and Azerbaijani folk music. In the later period (Lviv, Uzhhorod, 1986–1996) he focused on the coverage of certain ethnomusicological issues and memories.
 The review made it possible to come to the conclusion that the realization of V. Hoshovsky in the field of linguistics and ethnography laid an interest in scientific work. The switch to the musical sphere made it possible to wait out the ideological pressure. Fascination with ethnomusicology marked a return to the bosom of science, but at a new level: with the unification of all previously acquired knowledge and experience. The breadth of scientific interests, familiarity with modern methods of research in various fields of science, the possibility of studying the latest European specialized literature in the original language distinguished this scientist among contemporary ethnomusicologists and provided space for bold experiments.
 As for pedagogical and social work, they formed a supporting line to the philological, musical, and ethnomusicological spheres of V. Hoshovsky’s activities. On the one hand, they stimulated public interest in certain issues, and on the other hand, they contributed to the education of followers who formed the musical, performing and ethnomusicological future of Ukraine.

Activities of Military Training Missions of European Countries and the United States in the Armies of States, Transforming the Armed forces (the last third of the XIXth – the first third of the XXth Centuries): Problems and Prospects of Research

The study of the work of military professionals sent as part of missions from the advanced European states and the United States to the reformed armies of the countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America in the last third of the 19th – the first third of the 20th centuries has repeatedly been the focus of research by professional historians. The study of the training activities of military missions at the time under study allows us to see general and particular problems of the history of military modernization. A significant time span and various regions of the world in which mission officers served, allow for the scientific prospects and problems of studying military training activities using a comparative method. Comparison of training activities of missions from different countries contributes to the analysis of national military schools. This factor, along with other causes, has a decisive importance for the work of military instructors. By comparison, the regional specifics of the professional work of members of military missions are more clearly visible. The comparative methodology allows us to trace specifically the evolution of training activities of official military missions in historical retrospect through a set off historical examples. The extensive time span enables us to see what and why in the studies of a number of historians remained outside the scope of analysis, and which are as a reconsidered by the authors as mandatory for study. The study reveals the most successful works of researchers on the issues understudy. One of the aims of the article is to determine the most difficult areas for study the work of military professionals from missions in foreign armies and the ways of their disclosure. The study is relevant due to the constant interest of professional historians in the topic of military modernization and the use of military missions for faster reforms of the armed forces during difficult periods of development in some countries.

Bioactive Natural Products for Chemical Control of Microorganisms: Scientific Prospecting (2001-2021) and Systematic Review.

The inappropriate use of synthetic antibiotics has become a global public health problem. Therefore, the study of new alternatives for the treatment of infectious diseases is relevant and natural bioactive products are on the rise. This study conducted a scientific prospection of bioactive natural products with promising applications in the chemical control of microorganisms. A systematic review of the most recent articles was performed according to the following three steps: (i) eligibility assessment, (ii) screening, and (iii) inclusion of articles and information extraction. There has been an increase in the number of scientific publications on bioactive natural products for microbial control in the CAPES and SciELO databases (2001–2021). Seventeen relevant articles were included, most of which focused on extracts. Ascorbic acid, chlorogenic acid, chrysin, and quercetin were the most cited compounds. Natural products were shown to be effective in inhibiting more than 30 microorganisms. A discussion was presented on the research trends.

Line-intensity mapping: theory review with a focus on star-formation lines

Line-intensity mapping (LIM) is an emerging approach to survey the Universe, using relatively low-aperture instruments to scan large portions of the sky and collect the total spectral-line emission from galaxies and the intergalactic medium. Mapping the intensity fluctuations of an array of lines offers a unique opportunity to probe redshifts well beyond the reach of other cosmological observations, access regimes that cannot be explored otherwise, and exploit the enormous potential of cross-correlations with other measurements. This promises to deepen our understanding of various questions related to galaxy formation and evolution, cosmology, and fundamental physics. Here we focus on lines ranging from microwave to optical frequencies, the emission of which is related to star formation in galaxies across cosmic history. Over the next decade, LIM will transition from a pathfinder era of first detections to an early-science era where data from more than a dozen missions will be harvested to yield new insights and discoveries. This review discusses the primary target lines for these missions, describes the different approaches to modeling their intensities and fluctuations, surveys the scientific prospects of their measurement, presents the formalism behind the statistical methods to analyze the data, and motivates the opportunities for synergy with other observables. Our goal is to provide a pedagogical introduction to the field for non-experts, as well as to serve as a comprehensive reference for specialists.

Educational and scientific potential of the XXI century. Challenges and prospects

The article deals with the influence of globalization on the educational and scientific processes. The tendencies of education in globalization are determined. The peculiarities of globalization of education are considered. The article investigates the main aspects of the educational and scientific prospects of the XXI century. XXI century -this is the time of transition to a high-tech information society, in which the quality of human potential, the level of education, and culture of the entire population acquires a decisive value for the country's economic and social progress. Integration and globalization of social, economic and cultural processes that are taking place in the world, prospects for the development of the Ukrainian state for the next two decades require a deep update of the education system, leads to its advanced character. The main tendencies in the modernization of education are recognized: democratization of the entire system of training and education; increase in the fundamentality of education; Humanization and humanitarianization of education, use of the latest technologies of training; Integration of various forms and education systems both at the national and world levels.

Isotope spatiotemporal analysis and prospecting indication based on GIS in Tibet

Tibet has received much attention as a pivotal area to explore the genesis of ore deposits. So far, a large number of researchers have conducted a lot of discussions on the geological conditions, genesis, distribution and scale of ore deposits in Tibet, and accumulated a plenty of isotopic test data. Isotopic data can reveal the geological changes of an area and analyze the metallogenic regularity. In this paper, combined with GIS (Geographic Information System) spatiotemporal analysis technology, Hf and Nd isotopic data mapping analysis has been carried out in Tibet. The mapping shows high zircons εHf(t) value and high whole rock εNd(t) value and low TDMc value on both sides of the Eastern Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone and the Western Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone. It indicates that the terranes in these two areas are relatively young and have typical characteristics of Cu and Au mineralization, which are favorable areas for the prospecting of Cu and Au. Combined with the geological fault characteristics of Tibet Plateau, the influence of terrane boundary on the deposit and the relevant characteristics of geochemical elements, three favorable targets for Cu and Au prospecting in Tibet Plateau are delineated by GIS analysis. The results show that the characteristics of isotopic data in Tibet Plateau are quite different in disparate terranes, and the isotopic analysis can quickly delineate the strategic prospecting targets. Therefore, using GIS technology for isotope analysis and metallogenic prediction provides important guiding significance for scientific prospecting.

Social conflict and risk in interdisciplinary analysis

The article analyzes conflict and risk from the standpoint of an interdisciplinary approach, which is increasingly gaining recognition and authority as a methodological paradigm that opens up scientific prospects, especially in the analysis of the multi-component phenomena of social life. Claims of Conflictology as a young science to be interdisciplinary in nature are due to its subject, the way of interaction in society, penetrating all spheres, and at the same time denying and affirming connections and dependencies at the same time, thereby determining the image of society itself. Society as a system in the disciplinary paradigm of conflict analysis is presented as a product of contradictions that manifest themselves in conflict as a destructive force. This force threatens existing security and seeks to abolish existing systems of relations. In the interdisciplinary paradigm, the destructive function of conflict is conceived as a preparatory stage for its creative ability to resolve the accumulated contradictions. In the disciplinary paradigm, conflict is a way of destroying the world; in an interdisciplinary one, it is a way of destroying the old and creating a new world. In the first case, the non-systemic nature of the conflict is indicated, in the second, it is indicated that the conflict is the law of the existing system, without which this system cannot reproduce itself. Turning to interdisciplinary analysis allows us to see in the conflict both its negative and positive properties, regardless of how antagonistic the opposites that take place in society are. Interdisciplinary analysis also leads us to an understanding of the identity and difference between conflict and risk, allowed us to consider the issue of social risk in the context of the issue of conflict, reveal the socio-genetic relationship between them and come to the conclusion that conflict produces risk, the latter is fixed in relationships, becoming their indispensable element, exerting a reverse effect on the conflict, setting limits for the actions of the interacting parties.