Scientific Experience Research Articles

Artificial intelligence in teaching social disciplines: Opportunities and challenges of tools

Based on the analysis of scientific sources and practical experience in teaching social disciplines, the article reveals the role and problems of using AI in the system of higher education. The scientific opinion about the inevitability of using AI, despite its risks, in teaching social disciplines is expressed. A comparative analysis of the subject area, conceptual apparatus, functional purpose and research methods of social disciplines is carried out. Similar features are revealed, the basis of which is their focus on the scientific study of the social and psychological behaviour of individuals, social groups and communities. On the example of didactic methods of teaching social disciplines in higher education, the expediency of using AI tools in the process of teaching is substantiated. Their main capabilities are personalised learning, forecasting and trend analysis, data visualisation, simulations and virtual laboratories, speech, video and voice interfaces, assessment tools, and generation of comments and feedback. Clarification of the principles and main possibilities of using AI tools has revealed the main problems, which include ethics, reliability, transparency, insufficient professional training of teachers and imperfect legal support. We outline prospects for further research on the peculiarities of using AI tools to teach social disciplines in higher education.

Study of the Importance of Irrigation Projects to Agricultural Water Resources Using the Baiqi Canal as an Example

In the global economic system, the stable development of agriculture as a basic industry is inseparable from the rational utilization of water resources. Irrigation projects play a vital role in ensuring agricultural water use, increasing grain output and promoting agricultural sustainable development. This study aims to explore the scientific experience of Baiqi Canal, an excellent irrigation project in ancient China, and its profound value as a world irrigation project heritage, analyze the importance of irrigation projects to agricultural water resources, and promote the protection and sustainable utilization of irrigation project heritage. Firstly, the irrigation mode of Baiqi Canal and its important role in agricultural development were introduced, and then its influence on local agricultural water resources and ecological environment was analyzed. Finally, the positive influence of international irrigation projects on agricultural water resources was further discussed, and its key role in ensuring food security and promoting agricultural sustainable development was emphasized.

Involving stakeholders in planning the scale-up of a health promotion intervention: a practical example

Abstract Scaling up health promotion interventions is complex. Despite the potential effects and impact on society, factors related to the intervention itself, potential adopters or implementers, and contextual factors can hinder or promote widespread scale-up. Frameworks such as the PRACTIS (PRACTical planning for Implementation and Scale-up) guide and approaches such as Design Thinking offer practical guidance for researchers to increase the likelihood for successful scale up. SuperFIT is an integrated intervention approach aiming to promote healthy energy balance-related behaviours in children aged 2-4 years. To date, SuperFIT has been implemented in over one hundred childcare locations, reaching at least 1800 children per day. A local PA-providing organisation is responsible for the implementation of SuperFIT. The aim of this project was twofold: to identify the needs of future adopters and implementers of SuperFIT (i.e. What information and materials do you need?) and to develop the relevant tools and implementation strategies. We used a co-creation approach, combining stakeholder interviews (n = 6) based on the PRACTIS guide to identify gaps and needs, with creative sessions (participants n = 8) and multiple thinking-out-loud sessions (participants n = 6) to generate solutions that would be relevant to implementers. Stakeholders included researchers with experience in SuperFIT and implementation science, implementers and managers of the current and new PA-providing organisations. Gaps were identified and summarised under three main themes: 1) a lack of clarity what SuperFIT entails, 2) SuperFIT adaptations to new implementation contexts, 3) the skills and implementation capacity required to ‘train the trainer’. Creative sessions assisted the generation of prototype tools. We have learnt the value of patience and perseverance, as some obstacles need time to be overcome.

Personalized, performance-specific speech intervention in children with a cleft palate: A systematic review protocol.

The provision of speech intervention in children requires personalized, child-tailored approaches. Different speech-intervention approaches exist to eliminate cleft-related speech errors in children with a cleft palate. However, it is unclear what approach works best for the subtypes of cleft-related speech errors. To describe a protocol for a systematic review that provides speech-language pathologists with the current literature concerning more individualized speech intervention in children with a cleft palate. A systematic literature review was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Two speech-language pathologists with clinical and scientific experience in cleft speech searched different electronic databases for relevant studies. No limit regarding publication date was set. Specific eligibility criteria were defined and used to include or exclude the studies. All included studies were evaluated with a risk-of-bias assessment tool and levels of evidence. Relevant data were extracted from the studies (study design, study population characteristics, intervention characteristics and outcome characteristics) and a narrative synthesis was performed. The findings of this systematic review will significantly contribute to the evidence on personalized speech intervention in children with a cleft palate. The study will inform speech-language pathologists on the possibilities to tailor treatment plans more to the specific subtype of cleft-related speech errors. The planned systematic review also makes recommendations for further cleft speech intervention research. What is already known on this subject At present, there is growing evidence for different speech therapy approaches in children with a cleft palate. Despite the recognized need for personalized, child-tailored therapy, there is no consensus on the best speech therapy approach per different subtype of compensatory cleft speech characteristic. What this study adds to the existing knowledge This paper provides a protocol for a systematic literature review of this topic. Specifically, it searches the literature for the use of personalized speech therapy approaches in children with different subtypes of compensatory cleft speech characteristics. What are the practical and clinical implications of this work? The systematic literature review provides speech-language pathologists with the current literature concerning personalized, performance-specific speech intervention in children with a cleft palate. Besides, the results will support therapy decision-making in children with a cleft palate in different speech-related clinical contexts.

Effect of Visual Images on Digital Communication: Empirical Research Review

As mobile messengers gain popularity, visual images affect digital communication, leading to new interaction patterns. This review sums up scientific experience in describing digital communication facilitated by emoji and memes. The review covered scientific articles that reported empirical research on visual communication in digital environment in such open research databases as CyberLeninka, PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary, and ResearchGate in 2019–2024. The current rise in visual communication tools seems to reflect the general visual shift in modern culture, associated with the changes in human psychology brought about by total digitalization. Visual communication tools have a high information capacity, which hinders their interpretation, thus modifying the complex of individual and socio-psychological characteristics of interlocutors in an attempt to ensure mutual understanding. The review can be used to improve digital communication that employs alternative communication tools.

The ethics of research

The ethical problem of research proposes itself beyond any theoretical radicalisation that wants to conclude in a self-sufficient positive science or in a denial of any scientific reality. While man's need to place himself ethically (with a transcendence of himself and the reality that surrounds him) remains alive, the impossibility of conferring theoretical value on a naive ethics based on analogical discourses aimed at supporting, directing and interpreting scientific experience is critically declared.

Green Campus Transformation in Smart City Development: A Study on Low-Carbon and Energy-Saving Design for the Renovation of School Buildings

In the context of increasingly deteriorating global ecological conditions and rising carbon emissions from buildings, campus architecture, as the primary environment for youth learning and living, plays a crucial role in low-carbon energy-efficient design, and green environments. This paper takes the case of Yezhai Middle School in Qianshan, Anhui Province, to explore wind environment optimization and facade energy-saving strategies for mountainous campus buildings under existing building stock renovation. In the context of smart city development, integrating advanced technologies and sustainable practices into public infrastructure has become a key objective. Through wind environment simulations and facade energy retrofitting, this study reveals nonlinear increases in wind speed with building height and significant effects of ground roughness on wind speed variations. Adopting EPS panels and insulation layers in facade energy retrofitting reduces energy consumption for winter heating and summer cooling. The renovated facade effectively prevents cold air intrusion and reduces external heat gain, achieving approximately 24% energy savings. This research provides a scientific basis and practical experience for low-carbon energy retrofitting of other campus and public buildings, advancing the construction industry towards green and low-carbon development goals within the framework of smart city initiatives.

Research on Evaluation and Prediction Methods of Cognitive Intentions for Product Morphological Features

The morphological characteristics of a product serve as essential carriers for conveying design intentions. These characteristics directly affect users’ comprehension of the product’s functions and proper usage, which are critical to the safety of product utilization and the overall comfort of the user experience. Incorporating prior experience to predict users’ cognitive intentions regarding product form characteristics can provide valuable evaluation and decision-making references for design. This approach effectively reduces product development risks and contributes to enhancing user acceptance and experience. The study established intention discrimination indicators for form characteristics, covering six dimensions: functional orientation, behavioral intention, recognizability, cognitive load, attention distribution, and experiential feeling. Combining multidimensional scaling (MDS) and systematic clustering, samples were screened, and the morphological decomposition method was used to categorize and extract form characteristic categories and feature factors. The entropy weight method was applied to assign weights to the feature categories, and a feedforward neural network (FNN) was employed to construct a prediction model for cognitive intentions regarding product form characteristics. The model was tested using leave-one-out cross-validation, yielding a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0089 and an R correlation coefficient of 0.9998, indicating high reliability. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method were validated through a case study on earthquake science experience facilities.

FLIPPED CLASSROOM IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: CORRELATING STUDENT EXPERIENCE WITH ATTITUDES

Despite the growing adoption of the Flipped Classroom (FC) model in higher education, there is limited exploration of its impact on secondary education and students' attitudes toward science. Thus, this study aimed to examine the correlation between secondary school students' perceptions of the Flipped Classroom experience in learning science and their attitudes towards the subject. The research focused on five perception constructs: Collaborative Environment, Self-Directed Learning, Learning Impact, Motivation and Enjoyment, and Technology Integration. Students' attitudes towards science were measured across five constructs: Importance of Science, Practical Work in Science, Learning Science in School, Science Outside School, and Future Participation in Science. The study utilized a quantitative survey methodology, collecting data from a sample of 100 Form Four students at School A, Sabah, Malaysia as of the year 2024. Through the analysis of the survey, the study found a significant positive correlation between students' positive perceptions of the FC experience and their attitudes towards science. Notably, high ratings for ‘Motivation and Enjoyment’ indicated enhanced student engagement, while lower ratings for ‘Technology Integration’ highlighted areas needing improvement. The findings underscore the potential of the FC to positively influence students' attitudes towards science. This research implies that educators should seek ways to enhance student engagement and foster a positive attitude towards science through innovative teaching methods such as Flipped Classroom. Keywords: attitude towards science, Flipped Classroom (FC), perceptions of the FC experience, science education, secondary education

Post-16 students’ experience of practical science during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on students’ self-efficacy in practical work

This paper presents the findings from a detailed study investigating UK undergraduate students’ experience of practical science in their post-16 studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examines their perceived confidence and preparedness in relation to areas of practical science skills at the start of their undergraduate courses. The study employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. Findings from student focus groups held at the end of their post-16 studies were used to support the development of a comprehensive skills audit and quantitative survey for incoming undergraduate students. Survey data were collected in September and October 2021 from 275 students commencing Biosciences, Chemistry, Physics and Natural Science degrees at two universities in England. The research is important because although almost all students had the opportunity to undertake practical work as part of their post-16 studies during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was considerable variation in students’ experiences. The data indicate that COVID-19-related closures of post-16 education establishments, ongoing social distancing requirements and the consequent removal of the assessment criteria for students to have ‘routinely and consistently’ undertaken each of the practical assessment requirements had implications for the development of students’ self-efficacy in relation to practical science. The research presents important considerations which are relevant for educators supporting students’ transition from post-16 to Higher Education and have the potential to impact on incoming students over many years to come.

3rd TCMTs 2024 Book of Abstracts

Tripoli Conference on Medical Technology is an annual medical conference organized by the Research and Consulting Department at the College of Medical Technology, one of the departments of the Research and Consulting Center at the University. This conference seeks to advance society and achieve sustainable health development by developing scientific research in various medical sciences, by bringing together various medical and academic cadres and enhancing cooperation between them, and supporting opportunities for cooperation and research in the medical and academic field. Conference Objectives 1. Demonstrate the role of technology and innovation in developing medical education to achieve sustainable development goals. 2. Instill the spirit of teamwork by forming work teams to achieve specific goals. 3. Raise the spirit of scientific competition among students, which leads to raising the scientific level. 4. Exchange scientific experiences and experiments and support the spirit of competition.

Bibliometric Computational Mapping Analysis of Publications on Computational Thinking in Science Education using VOSviewer

The use of computing tools has provided support for learning science content and assisted students in understanding modern science experiences. Therefore, students must have an understanding on how computation could be useful for supporting science learning goals. In other words, students need a new skill to fulfil the tasks, that is computational thinking. This study aims to determine the development of research on computational thinking in science education through a bibliometric approach using the VOSviewer application. The article data was obtained from the Google Scholar database. The application used to obtain the article data was Publish or Perish. The keyword used to search for articles is "Computational Thinking in Science Education". 344 articles that were considered relevant to these keywords were found. The articles used were articles published in the last 10 years (2013 – 2022). The findings showed that the research on this topic decreased from 57 studies to 13 studies after 2020, and it became very popular in 2020. Furthermore, the research on computational thinking in science education still has a high enough chance to be carried out. We examined how many articles had been published about computational thinking in science education and its relation to problem areas using VOSviewer. We hope that this research can be a starting point for research related to other fields.

Знание и субъективация: прагматическая антропология Канта в прочтении Фуко

The article outlines a hypothesis about the influence of Foucault’s interpretation of Kant’s “Anthropology from a pragmatic point of view” on actual research of models of the subject based on scientific knowledge. Such models in­clude cerebral, genetic, immune subjects, etc., studied by a group of approaches in the history and sociology of science, as well as in philosophy. In the introduc­tion, a brief overview of the concept of the cerebral subject is given, the main properties of this type of subject models are derived, which differ from tradi­tional philosophical subjects, closed in the immanence of philosophical thinking. The subjects thematized in this group of approaches are multiple, partial and sit­uational (depending on the situation, an individual can adopt different models), changeable (circulating, they can mutate from practice to practice), historical and performative (they are embodied in practices). The approaches themselves are anti-essentialist in nature, since they imply a critical attitude towards the natural­ization of subjects carried out by sciences and non-scientific institutions. Their predecessor was Foucault’s thematization of human in “The Order of Things” and in the commentary to Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. It is shown that Fou­cault’s ideas can be traced in the discussed approaches to the study of subjectiva­tion based on scientific experience

Immersive citizen science experiences and their role in changing perceptions of coastal wetlands

Abstract Citizen, or community, science initiatives are increasingly recognised as an effective strategy to connect society with nature, science and environmental issues. However, different approaches to the delivery of the programmes can have different impacts on participant awareness, perceptions and behaviour change—especially when working with ecosystems perceived as less popular or uncharismatic, such as coastal wetlands, mangroves and saltmarshes. Using the HSBC Blue Carbon Citizen Science Programme as a case study, we compared two groups of corporate employees from Australia and New Zealand (N = 89) who participated in either: (a) a short duration citizen science experience including educational workshops and fieldwork in a local wetland; or (b) in educational workshops‐only. Questionnaires assessed the impact on participants' knowledge and perception towards wetlands, as well as their likelihood of adopting sustainable behaviours. Results revealed that participants' knowledge and understanding of environmental concepts increased, independent of the type of experience attended. However, the citizen science experience was more effective at fostering participants' intentions to make behaviour changes, with 64% of citizen science participants implementing sustainable changes at home or work, compared to 45% of workshop‐only participants. Our results highlight the importance of immersive citizen science experiences that, even of short duration, can have a valuable role enhancing participant knowledge, perception, and importantly, intention to make long‐term behaviour changes. With the increasing challenges faced by coastal systems globally, incorporating hands‐on, immersive experiences into educational programmes can be a strategic solution to improve ocean and climate literacy, while facilitating the actions required for a sustainable future. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

The Effects of Hands-on Cadaver Dissection Module on Preclinical Students

Objective: The anatomy education provided by cadaver dissection contributes to the professional skills of medical students. In addition to gaining scientific experiences, dissection practices contribute to the humane approach to the patient, motivation to become a physician, privacy, and ethical issues. Cadaver dissection is one of the oldest methods used in anatomy education, and the moment of encounter with the cadaver significantly affects medical students. The aim of the study was to emphasise the importance of traditional cadaver dissection and raise awareness about body donation. Methods: The study included 206 preclinical period students. After receiving the dissection materials, the students dissected cadavers, and the instructors helped them throughout the process. After the dissection, we shared an online survey. Results: 96.6% of the students emphasised that cadaver dissection is important and should be included in the curriculum. Also, 96.6% stated that the dissection module informed them about ethical values. 94.2% declared that dissection increased their interest and motivation towards medical education. 91.8% of the students thought that participation in cadaver dissection provided them with more opportunities to develop professional skills than the demonstration of a prosectioned (previously dissected) cadaver. 71.8 of them stated that the models or computer-assisted education can not replace cadaver dissection. Conclusion: However, although technology and artificial intelligence facilitate learning, the multifaceted benefits of the cadaver cannot be denied, and the cadaver cannot be excluded from anatomy education.

The importance of World Health Organization international reference standards in the product life cycle of biosimilars.

Technological advances in analytics, as well as scientific and regulatory knowledge and experience gained from biosimilar development/approvals over the last decade, enabled the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022 to revise its guidelines on the evaluation of biosimilars. Among the revisions, there is more reliance on analytical and functional aspects to prove similarity (and likely fewer clinical requirements). WHO international reference standards for biosimilars provide additional confidence to regulators looking for evidence- and data-based regulatory convergence in scientific and technical measures of quality attributes. These standards serve as a benchmark for harmonizing the bioactivity or potency of biosimilars, ensuring their future sustainability. This article discusses the availability and role of WHO international reference standards throughout the product life cycle of biosimilars.

Leadership and mentorship of Professor Lynne S. Taylor: A personal account from former mentees

This article highlights the profound impact of Professor Lynne S. Taylor, Retter Distinguished Professor of Pharmacy at Purdue University, on her mentees in terms of scientific and professional experience. The former students summarize some of her important contributions, including her emphasis on critical thinking, collaboration, and work-life balance, which have shaped her students into dedicated scientists advancing the pharmaceutical sciences. This acknowledgment recognizes her valuable impact on both her students and the broader scientific community.

В.А. Базаров: от технологического эмпиризма к бергсонизму

The article presents an analysis of epistemology and philosophy of science of the Russian marxist philosopher V.A. Bazarov. In the first part of the work, two stages of the philosopher’s evolution are distinguished and analyzed: empiriocritical and voluntarist. First stage of Bazarov’s thought is characterized by anti-metaphysical and empiricist attitudes. What separates him from other representatives of empiriocriticism is his emphasis on the activeness of the cognizing instance. It is shown that around 1910 Bazarov’s views underwent a final shift towards voluntarism, considered as the second stage of his philosophical evolution. It is demonstrated that although Bazarov’s thought developed in this direction independently, the reception of H. Bergson’s philosophy played an important role in the transition between the two stages. Ultimately, the evolution of Bazarov’s views leads him to abandonment of the key commitements of positivism and to adoption of the Bergsonian “philosophy of action”. The second part of the work is devoted to an attempt to actualize Bazarov’s views in their development through their consideration in the context of “technological empiricism”, i.e. a position in the philosophy of science reconstructed by modern scholars that unites such thinkers as A.A. Bogdanov, O. Neurath and N. Cartwright. All of them stress technical, social and physical side of scientific experience, emphasizing the richness of reality under study and ways of its representation, as well as opposing fundamentalism about high-level theoretical constructions in science. The validity of Bazarov’s characterization at the first stage of his evolution as a representative of this position is substantiated. Then, Bazarov’s philosophical evolution is considered once again, but now through the optics of technological empiricism, which allows to draw conclusions about the internal tendency of this theoretical position towards voluntarism and relativism

Historical aspects of the creation and development of university clinics (literature review)

The study is relevant due to the special role of university clinics in maintaining and strengthening public health, since these medical institutions provide training future doctors, conduct clinical and scientific activities, develop and test advanced treatment methods. A systematic review of the literature sources (original research and reviews) selected using bibliographic and semantic search in the databases MedLine, The Cochrane Library, Global Health, Cyb,erLeninka, RSCI, devoted to the historical aspects of the creation and development of university clinics. The authors studied the specifics of the activities of university clinics, searched for solutions to the problem of improving the efficiency and quality of both medical and educational processes of their life. Despite the fact that university clinics originated in different ways, the main models of their activities are highlighted in the form of a single educational, scientific, and medical complex, which allows training of medical personnel at a qualitatively different level, providing practice-oriented training, as well as the possibility of developing scientific achievements of medical science. The literature data provided by the authors indicate university clinics today to be centers of advanced practical and scientific experience in providing medical care of the population. The study of historical patterns of development of university clinics makes it possible to use the most successful experience of their management in the structure of an educational institution and develop requirements that a university clinic must meet at the present stage to ensure strategic sectoral tasks of the state health system both within the framework of training medical personnel and in ensuring the process of providing medical care of the population in the Russian Federation.

The influence of boars of producers of various breeding on the economic indicators of the use of sows

Relevance. Interbreeding or hybridization is an important factor in increasing pig productivity. As a result of the heterosis effect, the multiplicity of sows increases, the safety of offspring increases, the growth rate of young animals improves, the quality of meat improves and, as a result, the profitability of the pig industry increases.Methods. The paper evaluates the influence of boar producers from the companies PIC, Genesus Genetics and Hypor on the reproductive qualities of sows of a large white breed from the company Hypor. To implement the experiment, according to the principle of pairs of analogues, 3 groups of sows of a large white breed from the company Hypor were formed, 5 heads each. The sows of group 1 were inseminated with the seed of Landrace boars from PIC, group 2 with the seed of Landrace boars from Genesus Genetics, group 3 with the seed of Landrace boars from Hypor.Results. In scientific and economic experience, it was found that the multiplicity of sows of the 3rd group amounted to 13.0 heads, which is 7.7% less than in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups. The number of piglets at the time of weaning in groups 1 and 2 per sow was 12, which is 5.3% more than in group 3. For 1 kg of live weight gain, 9.38 EQ was spent on farrowing in the 3rd group, which is 8.1% more than in the 1st and 8.4% more than in the 2nd experimental group. Based on 1000 rubles of feed consumed, in addition, compared with the 3rd group (5.44 rubles), more live weight gain was obtained in the 1st experimental (by 0.44 rubles) and in the 2nd experimental (by 0.47 rubles) groups.