Scientific Divisions Research Articles

Improving the method for assessing the capabilities of scientific units in the Armed Forces of Ukraine

The capability assessment process plays a key role in ensuring the effectiveness and readiness of the armed forces to meet national defense objectives. The conditions for the development of the Armed Forces (AF) of Ukraine currently require improvement of the defense planning system, which would allow for effective adaptation to changes in the geopolitical environment. This will improve the efficiency and readiness of the armed forces for modern challenges. As a result, there is a need to objectively compare the level of capabilities acquired by scientific units with the capabilities established in the Unified list (Catalog) of capabilities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and other components of the defense forces. The object of the study is the process of assessing the capabilities of scientific divisions of scientific institutions. The task that was solved is the objectivity of assessment and development of the capabilities of scientific units. Since the capabilities of scientific units are multi-criteria, it is advisable to combine their requirements into functional modules. For each carrier of capabilities, a set of modules is determined by functional directions in accordance with the assigned tasks. The method of assessing the capabilities of scientific units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine has been improved, quantitative assessments of deficiencies in the capabilities of scientific units and recommendations for their elimination have been obtained in accordance with the DOTMLPFI (Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Leadership, Personal, Facilities, and Interoperability) methodology. Based on the results of the evaluation, 30 recommendations were formed when defining 10 scenarios. The scope of application of the method is the implementation of scientific and scientific-technical activities, capacity building of scientific divisions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The method is the basis for the creation of an automated capability assessment system – an element of the automated system of military management bodies

Considering the Mission and Role of the Scientific Divisions in JSRT

Considering the Mission and Role of the Scientific Divisions in JSRT

OVERVIEW OF NIA MISSION AND RESEARCH

Abstract Dr. Hodes will provide an overview of NIA’s structure and mission, in addition to discussing research foci from across the Institute’s scientific divisions.

An overview of entrepreneurial competencies in Brazil: a study based on publications in academic events

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review based on articles presented at ANPAD’s events - congresses, sectoral meetings and symposiums - over the last 20 years, which have studied entrepreneurial competencies. After the filtering process of studies carried out on the ANPAD portal, 25 articles were identified and analysed during the systematic literature review. It was found that entrepreneurial competencies have basically been addressed in four ways in the Brazilian events analyzed. First, and the most common way, has been to identify the profile of entrepreneurial competencies in a given sample chosen by the authors. The second most common approach has been about how entrepreneurial skills are acquired, or can they be built. The following approaches were relating entrepreneurial competencies to organizational performance and trying to define entrepreneurial competencies. The main limitation of this study was that it only reviewed studies presented at events held by a single organization, ANPAD, but it was able to demonstrate how the subject has been approached over the last few years in scientific divisions, showing the most common competencies in entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial individuals, presenting tools and ways of developing these competencies in individuals, showing how beneficial it is for organizations to have employees with these competencies, and using the results of some studies to define what entrepreneurial competencies are.

The corrupt politics of chemical weapons

AbstractThe Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is a significant component of the global governance structure and considered a gold standard international body with 193 member states and scientific divisions expected to adhere rigorously to objectivity and political neutrality. However, OPCW's reputation has recently been tarnished. Dissenting scientists from within the organization have raised serious questions about the integrity of an OPCW fact‐finding mission (FFM) investigating the alleged chemical attack in Douma, Syria on April 7, 2018. The OPCW FFMs are tainted in three ways: (1) they rely upon information provided via intermediaries connected to states that are belligerents in the war in Syria; (2) the organizational structure of an FFM excludes scientific and verification divisions of the OPCW; and (3) control of FFMs is held by a bureaucratic office staffed by career diplomats who are from states involved with the Syrian war. Furthermore, officials involved with the Douma FFM investigation report the following anomalies: (a) an original interim report was secretly altered in order to make an unsubstantiated suggestion that an alleged attack had occurred; (b) A U.S. delegation was allowed to brief the FFM, an action prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention; and (c) formal attempts by the inspectors to obtain transparency and dialog was rejected by the OPCW. Meanwhile, the United States and its allies have dismissed questions as Russian “disinformation” or as a “conspiracy theory.” Overall, analysis of the alleged Douma attack and the OPCW's FFM supports the thesis that key international organizations have been effectively captured, or at the very least heavily influenced, by particular states that assume their own impartiality. This shortcoming poses a risk to international peace and security.

ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS

B a c k g r ou nd . The article deals with modern requirements for the training and retraining of scientific and pedagogical and scientific personnel, as well as for higher professional education which lacks qualitatively new theoretical and methodical support for scientific and research activities. Higher education institutions of Ukraine occupy a leading place in the system of multi-level training and retraining of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel. Many of them have created such scientific centers as specialized academic councils for the defense of doctoral dissertations and councils for the defense of doctors of philosophy (PhD), master's, postgraduate, doctoral studies, a system of additional professional education, retraining and advanced training of personnel. Being aware of methodology, theory, technology, methods and organization of scientific research activity is a necessary basis for graduate students, doctoral students, holders of scientific degrees, employees of scientific divisions of institutions of various profiles, organizers of scientific research activities of all levels. The requirements for the professional training of graduates of higher education institutions provide for the active involvement of teachers and students in scientific research. Purpose and objectives. To conduct a theoretical analysis of the state of Ukrainian and foreign scientific research work of students with the aim of expanding scientific knowledge about the organization and development of pedagogical research technologies; on the development of student scientific creativity in all its forms for the future teacher to master the methodology of scientific research, the conscious introduction into pedagogical practice of the latest achievements of science, technology and culture. Re su lt s . In this context, the search for new technologies, reproduction and expansion of the scientific potential of future teachers, effective application, formation and development of scientific schools, creation of the most favorable conditions for the creative growth of future specialists acquire special importance. C onc lu si on s . Successful mastery of research and creative work skills by bachelors and masters helps them relatively easily join professional activities, transform scientific knowledge into the field of practical application. In this regard, the curricula of most institutions of higher education in Ukraine include special educational disciplines on the basics of scientific and research activity and elements of scientific creativity are introduced into fundamental, professionally oriented as well as special disciplines. This contributes to the creation of the necessary conditions for the integration of a higher school of Ukraine into the world educational and scientific space by activating the processes of involving talented young people in scientific research, implementing the experience of the world's leading universities as a prerequisite for the formation and development of a teacher's personality.

OVERVIEW OF NIA MISSION AND RESEARCH

Abstract Dr. Hodes will provide an overview of NIA's structure and mission, in addition to discussing research foci from across the Institute's scientific divisions.

Social Science and Its Frontiers

Social Science and Its Frontiers Myron P. Gutmann (bio) Mark Solovey,Social Science for What? Battles over Public Funding for the “Other Sciences” at the National Science Foundation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2020. X+ 398pp. Figures, notes, index. $50.00. Americans often date the emergence of a strong commitment to government support of science to the launch of the Soviet Union’s Sputnik 1 satellite in October 1957. That event certainly spurred policy decisions that increased federal investments in education and science, and thus is an appropriate starting point for the popular narrative about science. At the same time, policy developments of the Sputnik era built on earlier events, widely recognized by historians of science. That perspective starts the story with the presentation in July 1946 of Vannever Bush’s report, Science, The Endless Frontier, to President Truman, advocating for a large, organized federal investment in scientific research, based on the role of science and technology in the Second World War. Early efforts to enact legislation based on the Bush report failed (Truman vetoed the first bill that passed because it lacked presidential control over the appointment of the Foundation’s leadership), but in 1950 Truman signed the National Science Foundation Act, establishing an enduring basis for publicly—especially federally—funded scientific research in the United States. The debates about the creation of the National Science Foundation pitted progressives against conservatives and advocates of public and congressional control of science against advocates of exclusive control by scientists.1 One of the topics of debate—although hardly the loudest—was whether the social sciences would be included in the Foundation’s charge.2 Vannever Bush was opposed to their inclusion, sometimes arguing that they should be supported by a separate organization; on the other side, Democratic West Virginia Senator Harley M. Kilgore, a leading sponsor of a more progressive approach, supported their inclusion in the Foundation’s mission. In the end, the compromise legislation that Truman signed in 1950 did not include support for the social sciences, but at the same time did not prohibit such support. The Foundation did not totally exclude the social sciences for long; it hired sociologist Harry Alpert in 1953, and in 1954 introduced a first, extremely modest, program to support the linkage between the social and natural sciences. [End Page 396] The first Social Sciences Division was not established until 1960 (in an era in which the Foundation was divided into four scientific divisions reflecting major disciplinary categories). Later, when the Foundation was reorganized into seven directorates (three of them disciplinary, one for education, and three for administrative activities) in 1975, the Divisions of Social Sciences and Behavioral and Neural Sciences were part of an expanded Directorate for Biological, Behavioral and Social Sciences (p. 179). Only in 1991–92 did the Foundation establish a separate Directorate for the Social, Behavioral and Economic (SBE) Sciences, an organizational status that still exists today. The road from the origin of the Foundation to the creation of the SBE Directorate was not linear, with ups and downs in support for the social and behavioral sciences mostly reflecting political and institutional challenges. This history spanning the period from the first discussions of the National Science Foundation through the end of the 1980s (with an added discussion of recent events and recommendations for the future) is the topic of Mark Solovey’s Social Science for What? Battles over Public Funding for the “Other Sciences” at the National Science Foundation. In this book he builds on his earlier book, Shaky Foundations: The Politics-Patronage-Social Science Nexus in Cold War America (2013), on extensive archival research, and on interviews with surviving participants. Social Science for What? is an impressive accomplishment, capturing the connections between partisan politics, scientific inquiry, tensions among scientific disciplines, and the institutional development of the Foundation. It is instructive for all readers, including for me, who served for four years (2009–13) as one of the Foundation’s Assistant Directors and head of the Directorate for Social Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE). Social Science for What? articulates consistent themes that define social science at NSF, along with a lively narrative arc. To define that arc, Solovey divides the main...

A Mathematical Model to Determine the Optimal Ratio of Researchers of Different Categories for Solving a Scientific Problem in the Military Sphere

In the paper, the authors propose a variant of the mathematical model for justifying the optimal ratio of researchers of different categories to conduct scientific research of the highest possible quality in conditions of limited resources. The discrepancy is formulated between the quality of scientific research and the restriction on financial resources, that is, the problem of resource allocation is solved. The relationship between the quality of scientific research and the number of researchers is proposed to be reflected by the canonical parabola equation. A mathematical model is formulated that reflects the essence of the question under study. The problem is solved using the method of Lagrange multipliers. The results of the study are confirmed by a numerical experiment. Resource constraints have always existed. This is especially true now for the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and increasing their combat and mobilisation readiness, which result in the country's defence capability as a whole. Limited funding also takes place in military science. It is very difficult to introduce new full-time positions and divisions. Previously, the number of researchers was justified following regulatory documents when creating scientific institutions and divisions, or by analogy with similar scientific institutions. In other words, the problem was solved empirically or situationally. This scientific study concerns substantiating the number of scientific personnel in conditions of limited resources, taking into account the work that is now performed and will be performed in the future.

The role and place of radiation diagnostics in modern conditions

Radiation diagnostics is one of the priority areas in the field of theoretical and practical medicine. The field of scientific activity of the staff of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics is very wide and covers many areas of medicine. The main results of the work of both the department itself and related scientific divisions, which were provided with advice, were published in a number of monographs, articles, dissertation research, covered at congresses, congresses, conferences.

ТРАНСФЕР НАБУТИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ У НАУКОВІЙ ШКОЛІ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО НАУКОВОГО ПІДРОЗДІЛУ (ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ)

The essence of the concepts: scientific school and scientific community; the order of implementation of scientific thought within these formations is thoroughly considered; the methodology carrying out the transfer of competencies in military scientific divisions (collectives) was determined. The key person in a scientific school is its leader (he gives the name of the school). It is usually an excellent, authoritative scientist who generates ideas (new directions of research); a scientist who can unite other like-minded people around him or her. In a military scientific division, it is also a researcher. Generally, the position of chief researcher – responsible for a particular branch of scientific study in the research department, the center. A scientific school of the military scientific team is a creative team of researchers of different generations, united by a common program and style of research work, acting under the guidance of a recognized leader, a well-known scientist in the field of military science. Each scientific school has at least three Doctors of Science in one field of study. The most common method of identifying the transfer of acquired competencies by a researcher in a scientific school of a military scientific division is to study the course of PhD and doctoral dissertations of the scientists who are members of this informal collective. It is effective because it provides concrete results based on quantitative data on the theses defended under the guidance of a particular scholar. And it also shows that the topics of the students' dissertations correspond to the leader's dissertation (scientific search). This method is simple and reduces the tasks of identifying the transfer of acquired competencies by a researcher to the establishment of formal characteristics. By identifying the document flows it is possible to study the content unity of the problems of a scientific school. Bibliometric methods help to study the frequency of citation of the works of the leader of the scientific school.

Overview of NIA Research and Priorities

Dr. Hodes will provide an overview of NIA's structure and mission, in addition to discussing research foci from across the Institute's scientific divisions.

Clinical scientists\u2019 early career choices and progression: an exploratory mixed methods study

BackgroundUnderstanding the influences on healthcare professionals’ career choices and progression can inform interventions to improve workforce retention. Retention of health professionals is a high priority worldwide, in order to maintain expertise and meet the needs of national populations. In the UK, investment in clinical scientists’ pre-registration education is high and the need to retain motivated scientists recognised.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods study to investigate the career choices and progression of early career clinical scientists. First job sector and salary of trainees who completed the UK pre-registration Scientist Training Programme (STP) between 2014 and 2019 were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-Squared tests. Semi-structured interviews conducted with volunteer practising clinical scientists who completed the programme in 2015 or 2016 were analysed thematically and reviewed for alignment with theories for understanding career choice and workforce retention.ResultsMost scientists who completed the STP between 2014 and 2019 obtained a post in the UK National Health Service (NHS) and achieved the expected starting salary. Life scientists were more likely to work in non-NHS healthcare settings than other scientific divisions; and physiological scientists less likely to achieve the expected starting salary. Experiences during training influenced career choice and progression 0–3 years post qualification, as did level of integration of training places with workforce planning. Specialty norms, staff turnover, organisational uncertainty and geographical preferences influenced choices in both the short (0–3 years) and longer term (5 + years). Interviewees reported a strong commitment to public service; and some could foresee that these priorities would influence future decisions about applying for management positions. These factors aligned with the components of job embeddedness theory, particularly that of ‘fit’.ConclusionsTraining experiences, personal values, specialty norms and organisational factors all influence UK clinical scientists’ early career choices and progression. Job embeddedness theory provides a useful lens through which to explore career choice and progression; and suggests types of intervention that can enhance the careers of this essential group. Interventions need to take account of variations between different scientific specialties.

التکامل بين تکنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات وممارسة مهنة التدريس وفق نموذج (TPACK) لدى معلمي ما قبل الخدمة بکليات التربية

المستخلص: استهدفت هذه الدراسة تحقيق ثلاثة أهداف وهى، أولا: إلى أي مدى تترابط تکنولوجيا المعلومات، والاتصالات (ICT) بالمعرفة التربوية ومحتوى التخصص الأکاديمي. ثانيا: إلى أي مدى تتکامل مکونات نموذج تباک TPACK التي يحتاجها معلمو ما قبل الخدمة من أجل دعم تجارب التعلم الفعالة لطلابهم في الفصل الدراسي. ثالثا: الآثار المترتبة على استخدام تکنولوجيا المعلومات، والاتصالات (ICT) جنبا إلى جنب مع أصول التدريس، والتکنولوجيا، ومحتوى التخصص الأکاديمي بطريقة تتوافق مع المتعلم وتدعمه بشکل متکامل. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي لاجراء الدراسة على عينة بلغت (511) معلمي ما قبل الخدمة بالشعب الأدبية والعلمية والتعليم الأساسي والتربية الخاصة وعددها (19) شعبة للفرقة الثالثة والرابعة بکلية التربية، واستخدم الباحث برنامج التحليل الاحصائي SPSS لمعالجة البيانات واستخلاص النتائج، حيث توصلت النتائج إلى وجود تکامل إيجابي بين مکونات نموذج تباک ولم يحدد نوع وطبيعة المحتوى المستخدم، وتصلت إلى أهمية غرس مکونات النموذج کعملية منهجية. وإجراء بحث مستقبلي لتحليل التأثير المشترک للخصائص المکونة للنموذج على مستوى المؤسسة التعليمية، وخصائص المعلم المبتدئ، وخبراته قبل الخدمة. الکلمات المفتاحية:نموذج تباک TPACK– تکنولوجيا المعلومات، والاتصالات - المعرفة التربوية – المعرفة بمحتوى التخصص. Abstract : This study aimed to achieve three objectives, first: to what extent information and communication technology (ICT) is related to educational knowledge and the content of the academic specialization. Second, to what extent are the components of the TPACK model that pre-service teachers need to support in order to support effective learning experiences for their students in the classroom Third: The implications of using information and communication technology (ICT) along with pedagogy, technology, and academic specialization content in a way that is compatible with and supports the learner in an integrated manner. The study used the descriptive approach to conduct the study on a sample of (511) pre-service teachers in the literary and scientific divisions, basic education and special education, which numbered (19) divisions for the third and fourth divisions of the Faculty of Education, the researcher used the SPSS statistical analysis program to process data and draw conclusions. The results showed Positive integration between the components of the TPACK model and did not specify the type and nature of the content used, and reached the importance of inculcating the components of the model as a systematic process, and conduct future research to analyze the combined effect of the model's component characteristics at the level of the educational institution, the characteristics of the junior teacher and their pre-service experiences.

ИСТОКИ КАДРОВОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ В ВОСТОЧНОЙ СИБИРИ

In article the origin and human capacity development of economic science in Eastern Siberia is considered. Noted that with emergence in 1918. The Irkutsk state university began to teach economic disciplines there. From now on and in the 1920th the economic education was presented in various educational and scientific divisions: law department, humanitarian faculty, faculty of social sciences, faculty of the right and local economy. In the late twenties economic education was actually curtailed, and since the beginning of the 1930th renewed at the Siberian financial and economic institute created on the basis of the reorganized university. Authors revealed the first professors and teachers-economists of the higher school of Eastern Siberia, their short scientific and pedagogical characteristics are shown. The attention to connection of the taught disciplines with the conducted scientific research is paid. The attention is focused that for rather short period it was succeeded to create the personnel potential which competently provided implementation of training programs on all economic and financial disciplines. The provision that financial and economic education in the region, since 1930th became possible thanks to the basis created in the 1920th is proved. The conclusion is drawn that the scientific heritage of scientists-economists of Eastern Siberia of that period needs a perspective system research.

КОЛЛЕКЦИОННЫЕ ЭКСПОЗИЦИИ В СТРУКТУРЕ БОТАНИЧЕСКИХ САДОВ: НАУЧНЫЙ ПОЛИГОН И ЭСТЕТИКА ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The article is devoted to the creation of an exposition-collection of flowering shrubs on the territory of the Main Botanical Garden Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS), which allows for scientific research and at the same time is a highly decorative site of the botanical garden, created according to a previously developed project. This approach made it possible to present the largest collections of two genera Philadelphus L. and Spiraea L. in one place, selecting the most resistant, to adverse environmental factors, decorative and modern species, and varieties. The compositions of this site are based on the use of the external characteristics of plants and their adaptive capabilities in the conditions of the Moscow region, such as color, height, shape, texture, duration, and timing of flowering, flower aroma, and winter hardiness of plants. The project was developed with the participation of three scientific divisions of the MBG RAS. The exposition was created on the site of the MBG RAS, vacated after the completion of the construction of the New Stock Greenhouse, and, in fact, is a land reclamation project. In the project of the collection exposition, the data of long-term observations of this group of plants in the nursery conditions were used. The exposition includes 45 species and varieties of mock orange, and spirea with high winter hardiness and the best decorative characteristics. At present, the introduction testing continues, the selection of new species and varieties with the aim of further replenishing the exposition.

Epidemiology’s Time of Need: COVID-19 Calls for Epidemic-Related Economics

The COVID-19 pandemic has catapulted scientific conversations and scientific divisions into the public consciousness. Epidemiology and economics have long operated in distinct silos, but the COVID-19 pandemic presents a complex and cross-disciplinary problem that impacts all facets of society. Many economists have recognized this and want to engage in efforts to mitigate and control the pandemic, but others seem more interested in attacking epidemiology than attacking the virus. As an epidemiologist, I call upon economists to join with us in combating COVID-19 and in preventing future pandemics. In this essay, I attempt to provide some insight for economists into how epidemiology works, where it doesn’t work, and the much-needed answers that economists can help us obtain. I hope this will spur economists towards an epidemic-related economics that can provide a blueprint for a healthy economy and population.

Обґрунтування рекомендацій щодо впровадження інформаційних систем в наукову та науково-технічну діяльність Міністерства Оборони України та Збройних Сил України

В статті запропоновано методику впровадження інформаційних систем в наукову та науково-технічну діяльність наукових (освітніх) установ (організацій, підрозділів), наведено її основні положення та результати апробації. За результатами апробації (застосування) методики на прикладі одного з наукових підрозділів вищого військового навчального закладу Міністерства оборони України запропоновано Концепцію побудови інформаційної системи окремої наукової установи (підрозділу.

Trends in Brazilian Congress of Soil Science publications: An analysis of the 1947-2017 period.

The Brazilian Congress of Soil Science (Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo - CBCS) is the oldest soil science event in South America. The CBCS had 29,643 participants and 23,621 publications in 30 thematic areas between 1947 and 2017. There were only five editions of the CBCS (1947-1979) in which Soil Fertility did not produce the highest number of papers. Standardization of Soil Study Methods and Representation/Soil Teaching was the most prolific in one year, and Soil Genesis, Morphology, and Cartography produced the most papers in the other four years. Subsequently, the area renamed as Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition had the highest number of papers. By grouping papers into the scientific divisions of the Brazilian Society of Soil Science (Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo - SBCS), we verify that the division of Soil Use and Management had the most papers in most congresses. In 2017, the number of papers and the number of male researchers in the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development were associated for each thematic area. The trends in CBCS publications were influenced by the natural and historic-economic characteristics of the country, in addition to changes that occurred in SBCS, universities, research institutes, and legislation.

Competition between Russian Socioeconomic Universities

This article is dedicated to the struggle between major socioeconomic universities (SEUs) of Russia for leading positions in the higher education market. It is shown that only in Russia are SEUs, along with classical universities and technological institutes, the strongest players in the market of higher education establishments. The ranking data of the country’s higher schools of economics for 2013‒2016 are given, which demonstrate the escalating competition between the most successful SEUs of Russia, manifested in regular “castling” between the higher education institutions in the top list ranking. The authors emphasize the importance of factors of competitive growth, such as the publication of leading economics journals, the creation of a network of scientific divisions in the structure of universities, the formation of an all-Russia information agenda on their territories, and the development of regional analytics centers.