Scientific Crime Research Articles

The Implementation of Scientific Crime Investigation Mechanisms in Police Regional Office Proof Criminal Cases

The Implementation of Scientific Crime Investigation Mechanisms in Police Regional Office Proof Criminal Cases

Two Cases of Suicidal Asphyxia by Neck Compression

In majority of deaths from asphyxiation that affect the cerebral blood flow, compression occurs at the neck. Compressive asphyxia caused by a heavy weight is usually the result of an accident. The authors used the Korean national police agency's scientific crime analysis system to identify two cases of suicide by strangulation which were not otherwise specified, wherein asphyxiation occurred from an object pressing on the neck. In the first case, a man in his 50s died after the compression of his neck with a barbell shaft using a bench press. In the second case, a man in his 80s died due to compression from the side bar of a single bed that pressed on his neck. As far as the authors know, there have been no reported cases of suicide in forensic literature that occurred due to compression from an object such as a barbell shaft of a bench press or a side bar of a bed. Upon classifying the types of asphyxiation, accurate statistics should be prepared and researched, with accurate understanding and classification of the terms therein. Each case in the present report is discussed along with a brief literature review.

Special Police Team Towards the Bright Point Brigadier Joshua's Murder Case

The obstacles faced by the police in uncovering this case are 1). Police officers have cleared the crime scene; 2). Brigadier J's HP Lost; 3). Witness Shut Up; 4). Other Obstacles regarding CCTV at the Office House Damaged; 5). Putri Candrawati is a key witness who is still alive. The bright spots for the cases that led to the death of Brigadier J include 1. The presence of Tita President Joko Widodo; 2. There is suspicion of premeditated murder; 3. It has been obtained and turned on CCTV cameras around the crime scene that are lost or dead; 4. Brigadier J's cellphone and CCTV have been examined in a forensic laboratory based on the Scientific Crime Investigation processed by a forensic laboratory; 5. There is a re-autopsy. To open the veil of Brigadier J's case based on President Joko Widodo's order, the National Police Chief finally named a suspect in the shooting case that killed Brigadier Yoshua Hutabarat, based on 1). Initial evidence is sufficient; 2). Other possible suspects; 3). The threat of punishment (Bharada E; 4). Bharata E was arrested; 5). Not self-defense; 6). Murder suspect; 7). Initial chronology.

Analysis of Examination of Evidence Through the Scientific Crime Investigation Method in the Disclosure of Homicide Crimes

Background: Law enforcement is one of the efforts to create order, security, and peace in the community, especially enforcement after violations of the law.
 
 Objective: This study aims to find out and analyze the strengthening of evidence through scientific crime investigation in homicide crimes. As well as knowing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of using the scientific crime investigation method in crime scene processing carried out by the forensic laboratory.
 
 Methods: This research belongs to the normative type of research. So that it can be known that the scientific crime investigation method is used in proving the crime of forensic murder.
 
 Result: Article 184 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code has restrictively regulated valid evidence according to the law. Apart from the aforesaid evidence, it is not justifiable to be used to prove the wrongs committed by the accused. Judges, public prosecutors, defendants, and legal counsel, are limited and bound to use evidence by the rules of criminal procedure only. Evidence using evidence other than the evidence provided in Article 184 paragraph (1) has no binding evidentiary force value.
 
 Conclusion: Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that the scientific crime investigation method is used in proving the crime of forensic murder

Scientific Criminal Investigation Legal Studies in the Police Investigation Process

Scientific Criminal Investigation can be a method in the investigation process carried out by investigators to prove evidence in proving criminal cases. Process of the Scientific Criminal Investigation method in proving it can minimize errors with fast, precise, and accurate examinations. The investigation process of scientific evidence by investigators also needs to be supported by technical assistance from several branches of forensic science. This study aims to obtain a description of the method of Scientific Criminal Investigation in the disclosure of criminal acts using quantitative methods. The application of the Scientific Criminal Investigation Method in the evidentiary process has a role in uncovering evidence and evidence in criminal cases following the Criminal Procedure Code, namely through letter evidence, instructions, and expert statements. Thus, proving a case using the Scientific Criminal Investigation method is a breakthrough in the evidentiary process of proving a criminal case. In this way, the Scientific Criminal Investigation Method becomes a reference for investigators in the process of proving criminal cases because scientific crime studies are also supported by increasing and sophisticated sciences, including the special tools created.
 Keywords: scientific criminal investigation, investigation, evidence

부산지역의 중독자살변사 현황과 현장조사에서 발생하는 문제점 개선에 대하여

As a result of analysis for 1091 cases classified as suicide by addiction from the unnatural death cases registered on Scientific Crime Analysis System (SCAS) of Busan Metropolitan Police from January 2014 to December 2020, almost of them have shown similar aspects to the data from Statistics Korea. But it was not only investigated that the rate of cases where causes for suicides cannot be known is high as 63.6% in average, but also shown that in proofs of fields and examination, there are high rates of being not written (excluding gas addiction). Meanwhile, unlike gas addiction that various proofs of fields and examination are found showing a low rate of blood collection (4.5%), poison addiction and drug addiction have shown a somewhat high rate of blood collection but in general, a low rate of it (27.7%). To solve such problems, it is needed to establish a field identification system which can share materials for field identification or can complement them by integrating. Furthermore, it is thought that not to occur differences in the SCAS records by people writing them, the standardized writing method is needed, and that from a viewpoint of collecting proofs, seeking ways to boost drawing blood and, simultaneously, discussing about subjects for blood collection are needed.

Three Cases of Double Hanging in Korea from 2008 to 2018

Hanging is the most common form of suicide, but the use of a single ligature in a suicide pact is very rare. The authors identified three cases of double hanging through the National Police Agency's Scientific Crime Analysis System over 11 years in Korea, from 2008 to 2018. Of the six deaths, all but one were suicides; one was a victim of murder (suicide after murder). A couple was found hanging by a single ligature over a beam, wherein a man hanged himself using the weight of the woman he had strangled to death. A mother and her daughter used a chest of drawers as a fulcrum off which they hanged themselves, with one on each side of the drawers, using a single rope. Two lovers were found sitting at each end of the rope, using a single ligature, with a tree branch as an abutment. Each of these cases is discussed and reported along with a brief literature review. In a double hanging case, investigators should be cautious in determining the manner of death by distinguishing between a suicide pact from a homicide-suicide.

Cyber Crime Forensics

Cyber crime is becoming more frequent in our daily life since computers are everywhere now and hence the term cyberspace is becoming our ordinary life. Digital forensics or computer forensics which the process of securing digital evidence against the crime is becoming inevitable. Digital evidence is the foundation for any digital forensic investigation that can be collected by several means using technologies and scientific crime scene investigation. Modifications with crime scene data may possibly change the evidences that may lead to different investigation results. Several models and frameworks to help investigating cybercrimes have been proposed. In this paper we are proposing a frame work that to suit the Sudanese judiciary system. The framework suggested studied several models and frameworks in the globe to come out with a suitable framework model that can help the Sudanese courts taking their decisions concerning cybercrime. The conventional chain of custody is our main platform to construct our framework. That is due to fact that computer crime is different from conventional crime in that it may have no definite place or space. Although The share of people in computer crime is more crucial than the technology itself, achieving evidence integrity is more challenging than normal crimes. This work aims to study and evaluate the applicability of existing digital forensic process models to the Sudanese environment, analyze each of these frameworks might and then construct a framework to Sudan courts.

EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN SCIENTIFIC CRIME INVESTIGATION TERHADAP PEMBUKTIAN DALAM PERKARA PIDANA

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of Scientific Crime Investigation in proving criminal cases and the urgency of implementing scientific crime investigation in proving criminal cases
 This research was conducted using empirical research methods. The data obtained, both primary and secondary data, are categorized according to the type of data. Then the data was analyzed using qualitative methods
 The results of this study indicate that: 1). The application of Scientific Crime Investigation (SCI) in proving a crime is a quality assurance and quality control, where in proving a crime, the application plays an important role in minimizing errors that often occur when processing evidence, and without any certain facilities and facilities, it is impossible for law enforcement to take place smoothly. Such facilities or facilities include, among others, educated and skilled human workers, good organization, adequate equipment, sufficient finances and so on. 2) Science in proving criminal cases has a broad understanding that covers almost all disciplines used to conduct investigations. The application of science through the scientific crime investigation (SCI) method is a breakthrough in the evidentiary process in proving a crime. Proof of criminal cases by SCI cannot be separated from the assistance of the Forensic Laboratory, which is the place for checking evidence using scientific knowledge

Teaching Forensic Science to the American Police and Public: The Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, 1929-1938.

Established in 1929, Northwestern University's Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory (SCDL), America's first independent forensic crime laboratory, undertook a wide range of scientific case work during the 1930s, including toxicology, firearms identification, polygraph testing, the analysis of questioned documents and bacteriology; its mission being to provide Chicago with a world-class forensic science service. Alongside this mission, however, a key ambition of the SCDL's founders was to forensically educate police officers, legal professionals, and the general public. Convinced that American police were largely ignorant of scientific aids to crime detection and that the public's lack of forensic awareness led to the destruction and contamination of crime scenes, the SCDL attempted to fashion itself as a "school for manhunters." But, while the laboratory's ambitious program of public talks, scientific demonstrations, detective schools, expositions, and radio programs were intended to foster the creation of both a scientifically savvy public and policemen on par with those to be found in Europe, the SCDL encountered a number of significant hurdles to achieving these goals, including the hostility of some high-ranking police officials.

Murder Mystery Solved with the Help of Forensic Investigation

Crime scene reconstruction is the process of determining or eliminating the events that occurred at the crime scene by analysis of physical evidences. In one case, a lady left the house receiving a call on her cell phone. Since she did not return home till late evening, the husband and her children made search but could not trace out. Subsequently, a missing report was lodged in the local police station. At night, on the same day, the dead body of the missing lady was found lying in a bathroom of a Hotel along with a male dead body. The investigative and forensic team visited the undisturbed crime spot. Scrutiny of forensic evidence, crime scene dynamics, victimology and autopsy study could establish the case to be murder and suicide. At crime scene, on the basis of our observations the two cases were registered under murder and suicide IPC sections. The male murdered the lady in the bathroom and committed suicide near the dead body of the lady. This involved scientific crime scene investigation, interpretation of patterned evidence at the scene, laboratory testing of the physical evidence, systematic study of related case information, and the logical formulation of a theory gives the proper directions to the Investigating officer (IO). In this article, we have reported an interesting case for forensic aspect. The IO, was in this impression, it might murder. Our team, reveals the truth and case was solved at scene of crime.

‘Supposing that truth is a woman, what then?’: The lie detector, the love machine, and the logic of fantasy

One of the consequences of the public outcry over the 1929 St Valentine’s Day massacre was the establishment of a Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory at Northwestern University. The photogenic ‘Lie Detector Man’, Leonarde Keeler, was the laboratory’s poster boy, and his instrument the jewel in the crown of forensic science. The press often depicted Keeler gazing at a female suspect attached to his ‘sweat box’, a galvanometer electrode in her hand, a sphygmomanometer cuff on her arm and a rubber pneumograph tube strapped across her breasts. Keeler’s fascination with the deceptive charms of the female body was one he shared with his fellow lie detector pioneers, all of whom met their wives – and in William Marston’s case, his mistress too – through their engagement with the instrument. Marston employed his own ‘Love Meter’, as the press dubbed it, to prove that ‘brunettes react far more violently to amatory stimuli than blondes’. In this article, I draw on the psychoanalytic concepts of fantasy and pleasure to argue that the female body played a pivotal role in establishing the lie detector’s reputation as an infallible and benign mechanical technology of truth.

Problems and Improvement of Scientific Crime Analysis System (SCAS) through Analysis of Unnatural Death

Problems and Improvement of Scientific Crime Analysis System (SCAS) through Analysis of Unnatural Death

Обзор научно-практического семинара «Раскрытие и расследование преступлений: наука, практика, опыт» на тему «Теория и практика расследования преступлений, связанных с наркотическими средствами, психотропными, сильнодействующими и ядовитыми веществами»

Обзор научно-практического семинара «Раскрытие и расследование преступлений: наука, практика, опыт» на тему «Теория и практика расследования преступлений, связанных с наркотическими средствами, психотропными, сильнодействующими и ядовитыми веществами»

Chicago: Where Polygraph Becomes a Science

Abstract In the 1920’s, earlier work on polygraph instrumentation and procedure in Europe and the United States came together in Chicago where John Reid and Fred Inbau at the Scientific Crime Laboratory applied extensive field observations in real life criminal cases to create the Comparison Question and semi-objective scoring technique, the factors that allowed polygraph to achieve scientific status. While Chicago was not the first place the instrumental detection of deception was attempted, it was the place where the contemporary, comparison question technique was first developed and polygraph became a science. This fortuitous development was the result of the unlikely assemblage of a remarkable group of polygraph pioneers and a ready supply of criminal suspects. It is impossible to pinpoint when people first began noticing the relationship between lying and observable changes in the body. The early Greeks founded the science of physiognomy in which they correlated facial expressions and physical gestures to impute various personality characteristics. The ancient Asians noted the connection between lying and saliva concluding that liars have a difficult time chewing and swallowing rice when being deceptive. Clearly, behavioral detection of deception pre-dates instrumental detection of deception which, it is equally clear, is European in origin. By 1858 Etienne-Jules Marey, the grandfather of cinematography recently feted in Martin Scorsese’s film Hugo, and Claude Bernard, a French physiologist, described how emotions trigger involuntary physiological changes and created a “cardiograph” that recorded blood pressure and pulse changes to stimuli such as nausea and stress (Bunn, 2012). Cesare Lombroso, often credited as the founder of criminology, published the first of five editions of L’uomo delinquente in 1876 in which he postulated that criminals were degenerates or throwbacks to earlier forms of human development. Lombroso later modified his theory of “born criminals” by creating three heretical classes of criminals: habitual, insane and emotional or passionate (Lombroso, 1876). By 1898, Hans Gross, the Austrian jurist credited with starting the field of criminalistics, rejected the notion of “born criminals” and postulated that each crime was a scientific problem that should be resolved by the best of scientific and technical investigative aides (Gross, 2014). In 1906, Carl Jung used a galvanometer and glove blood pressure apparatus with a word association test and concluded that the responses of suspected criminals and mental perverts were the same ( Jung, 1907). In order to appreciate the important polygraph contributions that occurred in Chicago, one needs to first consider what was happening at Harvard University and in Berkeley, California at the beginning of the 2oth Century.

Neo-Victorian Visions of the Future: Science, Crime, and Modernity

Neo-Victorian texts frequently associate science and technology with criminal acts, which their perpetrators perceive as acts of progress, because of their potential to initiate the world's passage to the future. Stemming from Victorian apprehensions of science, most notably the possibility of the scientist's malevolence, the abuse of science by neo-Victorian villains presents a criminal past that will give birth to a dystopian future. As the future of neo-Victorian narratives constitutes the present or recent past of the time of narration, the presuppositions of modernity are problematised both within the texts' Victorian narratives and in retrospect; and especially when neo-Victorian employments of science and technology echo concrete twentieth-century instances of scientific misapplication. Neo-Victorian texts expose their complex temporality and defy their integration within genres such as steampunk or science fiction. Considering the difficulty of generic classification, this essay suggests that neo-Victorian instances of scientific crime manifest nineteenth-century scientific and technological progress in a way that illuminates the Victorian era, while remaining relevant for contemporary audiences. The relationship that is thus effected between past and present underlines neo-Victorianism's perception of time as a continuum, in order to problematise contemporary understandings of progress and modernity.

科学捜査における質量分析イメージング

科学捜査における質量分析イメージング

Siam’s New Detectives: Visualizing Crime and Conspiracy in Modern Thailand by Samson W. Lim

Reviewed by: Siam’s New Detectives: Visualizing Crime and Conspiracy in Modern Thailand by Samson W. Lim Davisakd Puaksom (bio) Siam’s New Detectives: Visualizing Crime and Conspiracy in Modern Thailand. By Samson W. Lim. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2016. Pp. 232. $65. Samson Lim argues that his book “should not be read as a tale of how science or some other branch of Western rationality has come to supplant local epistemologies.” Rather, in this story of “the development of modern forms of knowledge in the field of criminal detection” (p. 154), modern sciences are introduced and modified to fit local beliefs and practices. In short, “this is a history of the visual evidence and the techniques for their production that an array of agents . . . generate and use in Thailand to picture the past and shape legal outcomes” (p. 2). Lim sets the framework of his story in the context of the spread of crime after Siam (later Thailand) opened itself to freer trade and thus shifted its basic mode of production from sufficiency to the market economy in the middle of the nineteenth century, notably since the signing of the Bowring Treaty with England in 1855. While private access to the machinery of violence was enhanced and its frequency was rising, crime investigation was significantly reformed. Torturing the suspect for confession was no longer the norm, though never has it disappeared from routine practice. By combing through crime fiction, newspapers, magazines, and polices manuals, Lim provides a fine portrayal of the development of crime investigation since its first introduction into Siam in the form of detective fiction, vernacularized from Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes saga. Thereafter, photographs, fingerprints, and statistics became new types of information in administering the truth of crime. Likewise, crime attracted the public attention and hit the newspapers. Surely Lim would agree that one of the most [End Page 883] popular crimes ever published was the mysterious death of King Ananda on 9 June 1946 (pp. 112–14). Its narrative and crime scene were published and reemerged time and again in Thailand’s political history. The landscape of crime in the kingdom, he notes, remarkably changed its terrain again after World War II, in part due to “the sudden availability of small arms.” Automatic pistols, machine guns, and grenades “were almost freely circulating around the country” (p. 120). In the 1950s, in Christopher Goscha’s words, “Buying arms in Thailand was as easy as buying beer” (p. 120). A more systematic and scientific crime scene investigation came with police reform after the war, and with the huge amounts of U.S. foreign aid pumping into Thailand’s police department as part of its campaign against the communist movement during the cold war. In this reform process, the crime scene was re-articulated and mapped out as an epistemological space in which a hunt for truth was enacted. Together with the creation of the crime scene space came the reenactment of crime, a procedure that evolved from a projection of the criminal’s modus operandi to a factual reproduction of the past, or a confirmation of the truth that “the police used to solve the crime and to produce evidence for the court” (p. 2). However, the meanings of the reenactment varied for different groups—police, suspect, media, and public audience. The police might take it as proof of a confession, the suspect might use it for attracting the media’s attention and preventing police abuse. Students of police and judicial history in Siam/Thailand will find this work invaluable, including those who are interested in visual culture. Even more, anyone with interest in the kingdom’s justice system and its interpretation of justice in this brittle transition period will find much to engage them. In short, with his meditation on the crime scene investigation as a technology of power in the judicial system, the author has tackled how its operation relates to the question of justice and the state’s interpretation of justice, particularly in dealing with an opposition that is resistant to the ruling elite’s prerogative. Is it simply another machinery the Thai state employed to justify its colonial consolidation and its...

Reconstruction of Crime Scene, a Forensic Technique used in Substantiating Alleged Homicide into Accidental Death: A Case Study

Crime scene reconstruction is the process of determining or eliminating the events that occurred at the crime scene by analysis of physical evidences. Through this paper we will discuss a case of accident that was turned into murder (i.e. Under Section 302 of Indian Penal Court) because the family members of the deceased alleged that the deceased was murdered and then dragged by tying to a vehicle to dispose off the body and to destroy the evidences. In this paper we discuss how this sensational case was solved by the scientists of Forensic Science Laboratory, Haryana through the reconstruction of crime scene by analyzing crime scene appearance, the locations and positions of the physical evidence, and the injuries to the deceased. This involved scientific crime scene investigation, interpretation of patterned evidence at the scene, laboratory testing of the physical evidence, systematic study of related case information, and the logical formulation of a theory.

Criminal miles and phenomenological aspects of the criminalistics intelligence sources

The paper is based on research conducted by the author in the last decades of the twentieth century and the first decade of the third millennium, the modern scientific theory of crime investigation. The author's intention is to complete the huge gap that exists today in our scientific crime literature on the phenomenology of criminalistics intelligence sources. The presence of scientific and technical isolationist and conservative pragmatism in criminalistics theory in us, with whom I have never lied, accordingly, I have tried to work more fully convey the latest scientific views on foreign theory of criminology criminalistics intelligence sources as the primary tool for understanding, recognition and decoding of occurrence in the criminal milieu. From the above it is quite logical and scientific methodology established by first larly exposed to the general approach among law enforcement theory, the criminal underworld, and then access the research of criminalistics intelligence sources, through their determination to categorize the movement and management. From the results, the findings suggest that the traditional model definition, recruitment, management and installation source in a criminal milieu, which applies to us, abandoned for more than three decades of contemporary crime research and professional literature and practice in the world. Furthermore, the results indicate that it is of decisive importance to the understanding of criminalistics intelligence sources, methods of installation, movement models and management resources, to the criminal milieu could understand phenomena that are not visible, and carry with them the challenges, risks and threats. Not more contemporary understanding of the needs of society to counter the criminal activities of individuals or groups, it is enough to have informers or collaborators. Today, the world of crime must confront numerous, well-organized and professional criminalistics intelligence activities.