Scientific Choice Research Articles

Abstract 032: Ovine Models for Cerebral Venous Catheter Access: A Single Center Experience

Introduction Large animal models are utilized for preclinical neuroendovascular research, and aid in the characterization and de‐risking of novel therapeutic approaches. To date, only a single prior study has been published providing a detailed account of an ovine model (Corriedale sheep) for cerebral venous access. The generalizability of these experiments has not yet been validated externally. In an effort to replicate these findings and de‐risk a novel, non‐surgical trans‐dural venous sinus approach to the cerebrum, cerebral venous access was attempted in 3 sheep specimens using transcranial and endovascular approaches. We report our experience validating this large animal model for translational and preclinical research. Methods 3 animal experiments were performed at the UCLA TRIC laboratory between 02/2022 and 10/2022. The sheep were anesthesitized and handled under approval of the Animal Research Committee at UCLA (protocol ARC 2020‐19). The neck and groin areas were shaved and aseptically prepped. MRI Brain and MR Brain venogram imaging was performed on a 3T Siemens Magnetom MRI. Femoral artery and external jugular vein access were obtained using the Seldinger technique under ultrasound guidance and did not require a surgical cut down. Two Suffolk and one Rambouillet sheep were used (average weight 60 kg and 40 kg, respectively). The animals were transferred to the catheter laboratory and image guidance was performed with a monoplane Siemens Artis Zeego. A transcranial approach to the dorsal sagittal sinus was attempted in one Suffolk sheep specimen utilizing a Hubly Drill and a micro‐puncture kit. An endovascular approach to the dorsal sagittal sinus was attempted in second Suffolk sheep specimen using a 25 cm, 8 Fr Pinnacle Sheath via the external jugular vein followed by a 132 cm Catalyst 5 catheter, 0.027" Medtronic Marksman, Stryker SL‐10 and Offset microcatheters assembled over 0.014" Synchro Standard and exchange‐length Choice PT microguidewires. In a third experiment, an endovascular approach to the dorsal sagittal sinus was attempted in a Rambouillet sheep specimen using a 95 cm TracStar, 115 cm Catalyst 5 catheter, and 0.027" Medtronic Marksman microcatheter assembled over 0.014" Synchro Standard and exchange‐length Boston Scientific (BS) Choice PT microguidewires. The 0.027" Marksman microcatheter was subsequently exchanged for a 2.7 French BS Stingray LP coronary CTO re‐entry microcatheter in the Rambouillet sheep, which was tracked to the anterior third of the dorsal sagittal sinus over the exchange length wire. Results A transcranial approach to the dorsal sagittal sinus was complicated by misaligned needle trajectories resulting in brain parenchymal damage. The external jugular vein was the conduit for accessing the first and second emissary veins of the retroauricular foramen (figure 2). Access to the temporal and then transverse sinuses was possible from either of the aforementioned emissary veins. Interestingly, the morphology of the dorsal sagittal sinus was bifid and each vessel channel measured between 1.65 – 1.7 mm in diameter (figure 1). Access to the temporal sinus from an endovascular approach was possible with all microcatheters. However, access with a 0.027" microcatheter beyond the torcular herophili and into the dorsal sagittal sinus was only possible in the Rambouillet sheep despite its smaller body size. Intermediate catheters (>4 Fr) could not be advanced beyond the skull base in none of the sheep breeds. Lastly, microcatheter advancement into the cerebral hemispheric space across a transdural venous sinus puncture access point deliberately created by wire perforation was feasible from the Stingray re‐entry system after exchanging for a 0.017" microcatheter. A coil (Stryker Target) was deployed extravascularly from the 0.017" microcatheter for post‐mortem characterization (figure 3). Conclusion One of three experiments met criteria for success. Due to reliance on a monoplane projection, a transcranial approach failed as an access route to the dorsal sagittal sinus resulting in iatrogenic parenchymal damage. Despite the larger body size, the second Suffolk sheep dural venous sinus system could not be catheterized beyond the skull base, likely due to the small caliber or focal stenosis of the temporal or transverse sinuses. The Rambouillet sheep breed proved to be a more adequate specimen for cerebral venous—specifically dorsal sagittal sinus—access with larger bore microcatheters. Based on this experience, careful selection of an appropriate sheep breed is necessary for modeling endovascular cerebral venous access and assessing novel procedures.

The micro-dynamics of scientific choice: research project motivations among public affairs academics

Abstract Academic researchers’ choices about research projects to pursue are an important mechanism in societal allocation of research effort. It is unclear whether researchers’ criteria for project choice align with those articulated by policy scholars and philosophers. Many potential criteria for project choice are commonly discussed in scholarly and popular literature, but they have been little studied on the individual level. I review and catalog such potential criteria and then empirically explore researcher motivations for project choice through factor analysis of survey data from 409 authors of research articles in major public administration and public policy journals. I find empirical support for personal gain, societal importance, and intellectual interest as research motivations. These motivations do not neatly align with proposed ideal criteria for scientific choice. Thus, such criteria must be translated to speak to researchers’ personal interests to achieve expression in individual scientific choice.

В.М. ХВОСТОВ И МОСКОВСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ (1917-1922)

The article analyzes the little-studied documents on the history of the Moscow Institute of Social Psychology, founded on the initiative of Veniamin Mikhailovich Khvostov (1868–1920), a professor of Moscow University, a neo-Kantian philosopher, a doctor of Roman law, a sociologist; the paper also discusses his role in the development of sociology, the most important direction in the field of social sciences. The article was written on the basis of the documents that were retained by his collaborators Leonty Alekseevich Byzov (1886–1942) and his wife, Natalia Nikolaevna Fadeeva-Byzova (1892–1985). Currently, the records are kept in the Archives of the European University in St. Petersburg. After having ostentatiously left Moscow University in 1911 (the “Kasso Case”), just like many of his colleagues had done, he taught at Moscow Women’s Higher Courses and at Shanyavsky Moscow People’s University. In May 1917, during the rule of the Provisional Government, V.M.Khvostov managed to create the Moscow Institute of Social Psychology as part of the future Institute of Sociology, the main task of which was to carry out research on social processes and gradually turn sociology into an independent scientific discipline. The Institute existed for five years only (1917–1922), and the last two years – without V.M. Khvostov, who passed away at the beginning of 1920. V.M. Khvostov realized that without sociology, the science of social processes, the sprouts of which had just begun to appear in Russia, not only the social sciences, but the entire scientific community of the early twentieth century would lose out. He hoped that with the coming to power of the Provisional Government, the social life in all its manifestations would become an important phenomenon, including scientific research, free from ideological dogmas. Instead in October 1917, the country plunged into a different reality – the revolution and the victory of the Bolsheviks who gradually destroyed all illusions about the freedom of scientific choice. And nevertheless, the Institute continued to carry out a tremendous amount of research concerning the socio-psychological processes and phenomena in public life. The scope of that work could be perceived through many hours of meetings, questionnaires and survey forms, abstracts and reports, scientific disputes, practical work with the representatives of various social groups. However, gradually, the conditions imposed by the Soviet government turned out to become such a powerful irritant for V.M. Khvostov that the dream of forming sociology as an independent scientific discipline appeared to be unrealizable. And yet, the documents on the activities of the Moscow Institute of Social Psychology are of great historical and scientific value, their study and publication can contribute to the adding of the new pages in the history of Russian and Soviet science at the beginning of the 20th century.

Territorial spatial planning for regional high-quality development – An analytical framework for the identification, mediation and transmission of potential land utilization conflicts in the Yellow River Delta

Territorial spatial planning mediation of potential land utilization conflicts is a scientific choice to achieve regional high-quality development. It is of great significance to guide the national space utilization mode, space form and development direction with the value orientation of high-quality development. Taking the Yellow River Delta with equal emphasis on protection and development as an example, we established the conceptual framework and mathematical model of land utilization multifunctional potential conflicts based on social ecosystem theory and revealed the multifunctional potential conflict type, intensity and spatial pattern of land utilization based on ecological conservation, agricultural production and urban construction suitability evaluation. Next, the planning mechanism of "rigid constraint" and "flexible guidance" was used to mediate the potential conflicts of land utilization multifunctions, form the micropattern of Territorial spatial planning, and construct the Territorial spatial planning system for high-quality development according to the transmission path of multilevel spatial patterns. The results show that (1) the Yellow River Delta is characterized by the importance of ecological conservation, the suitability of agricultural production and urban construction, and it also presents the premise of the potential conflicts of multifunctional land utilization. (2) The multifunctional and potential conflict mediation process of land utilization in the Yellow River Delta presents obvious features of land-river-sea gradient differentiation, which reflects the optimal path of coordinated development trends of social ecosystems. (3) The multilayer transmission of the Territorial spatial planning pattern forms the grid-based constraint bottom line, the administrative main function area and the global national space protection and development strategic pattern, in turn, supporting the high-quality development of the region from the aspects of factor allocation, zoning control and strategic direction. (4) The Yellow River Delta as a whole is dominated by ecological conservation and agricultural production patterns and has significant spatial agglomeration. The pattern of urban construction and elastic transition is relatively discrete. and multilevel Territorial spatial planning patterns for high-quality development have been developed. The Territorial spatial planning pattern of multilevel linkage constructs institutional control and spatial guarantees for high-quality development, and it is a scientific guide to regulate the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature in the Yellow River Delta.

Evolutionary Game Analysis on Last Mile Delivery Resource Integration—Exploring the Behavioral Strategies between Logistics Service Providers, Property Service Companies and Customers

As resource integration plays a significant part in improving operational efficiency in the last mile delivery industry, there is an increasing popularity for logistics service providers (LSPs) to collaborate with property service companies (PSCs). Based on the evolutionary game theory, considering the dual role of PSCs when collaborating with LSPs, a trilateral evolutionary game model between PSCs, LSPs, and customers (Cs) is established to analyze the strategic choices and explore the influencing factors on the tripartite strategy. The results show that (1) There are optimal profit allocation coefficients and cost-sharing coefficients to cause the system to reach a steady state. (2) The integration cost between LSPs and PSCs and the home delivery cost inhibit the strategic integration of the two enterprises. (3) PSCs are more sensitive to their benefits and costs than LSPs in the process of resource integration. (4) More precisely evaluating their potential loss caused by temporary integration will help the tripartite to make a more scientific choice of strategic behavior. (5) The increase of community premium income helps to improve the enthusiasm of Cs supporting strategic integration. (6) The behavior and decision-making choices of the three game players affect each other in the last mile delivery resource integration. (7) The indirect benefits, such as advertising during their integration, play a positive role. Finally, the MATLAB2020a software is applied to simulate and analyze the impact of key factors on strategy evolution, and we propose several useful suggestions to promote the development of last mile delivery resource integration.

الشاذ النحوی والصرفی فی تعلیم العربیة لغیر الناطقین بها دراسة تحلیلیة لمقرر القواعد النحویة فی الکتاب الأساسی

الملخص : اهتمت الدراسة بالتأصيل الصحيح للدرس النحوي والصرفي للطلاب غير الناطقين بالعربية، وتصويب مقولة: أن النحو مشکلة ومعضلة في ذاته، وتدعم القول بأن الإشکال واللبس ليس في النحو ذاته، ولکنه يرجع إلى إدراج الشاذ في کتب النحو التعليمي، وهذا الشذوذ تتعدد مصادره وأشکاله بين نظام اللغة، والمعلم، والکتاب التعليمي، والاختبارات، والتدريبات... إلخ. وقد آثرت دراسة الشاذ النحوي والصرفي في کتاب رائد في مجال تعليم العربية لغير الناطقين بها ( تعليم العربية لغير الناطقين بها 0 الکتاب الأساسي) ؛ لأن الکتاب التعليمي مرآة کاشفة لتلک المصادر کلها، وفي ضوء الغاية التربوية والتعليمية رصدت الدراسة أنواعا من الشذوذ النحوي والصرفي نحو: الشذوذ النظري، وشذوذ المصطلح، وشذوذ الاختيار، وشذوذ الاحتمال، وشذوذ التلازم، وشذوذ الترتيب، وشذوذ العنوان ،وشذوذ المثال النحوي، وشذوذ التدريبات. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن الشاذ بنوعيه ضار تعليميا ويتعارض مع الغاية التعليمية للطلاب غير الناطقين بالعربية، وهي التواصل الفعال والاستعمال الصحيح للغة سماعا ومحادثة وقراءة وکتابة، ودعت الدراسة إلى التمييز بين الغرض من وضع النحو وطريقة تعليمه، وصياغة مفهوم واضح للنحو لکل مستوى تعليمي، وتوصي الدراسة بحذف کل ما يتطرق إليه احتمال إعرابي مغاير لمراد الدرس، وتوحيد المصطلح، والتزام الترتيب العلمي للموضوعات، والاختيار العلمي المناسب لموضوعات کل مستوى تعليمي، والتزام نمط علمي واحد في العناوين، وتناسب التدريبات مع محتوى الدرس المقدم والعمر العقلي للطلاب. Abstract The study focused on the correct rooting of the grammar and morphological education for non-native speaking students, and correcting the saying: Grammar is a problem and a dilemma in itself. The study also proved that the problematic and confusion isn’t in the Grammar itself, but due to insertion the abnormal in educational grammar books. And this abnormality has multiple sources and forms between language system, teacher, book, tests, and exercises Etc. I preferred to study the abnormal grammar and morphology in a major book in the field of Educating Arabic for Non-Native Speakers; as the educating book considered as a revealing source for all these sources. In view of educational and learning goal, the study detected types of grammar and morphology abnormality as: theoretical abnormality, term abnormality, choice abnormality, possibility abnormality, correlation abnormality, ranking abnormality, title abnormality Example abnormality and exercises abnormality. The study concluded that the abnormal with its two types is educationally harmful and contradicts the educational goal for non-native speaking students of active communication and correct using of language in listening, speaking, reading and writing aspects. The study called for distinguishing between the purpose of developing grammar and its teaching method, and formulating a clear concept of grammar for each educational level. The study recommends deleting everything that deals with the possibility of expressing a different synonym for the purpose of the lesson, standardization of the term, commitment to the scientific arrangement of subjects, the appropriate scientific choice of topics for each educational level, and the commitment of a single scientific pattern in the titles, and the exercises must fit with the content of the presented lesson and the mental age of students.

Introduction of SOC estimation method

This paper introduces the definition of SOC estimation and analyzes the common estimation methods, including discharge experiment method, open circuit voltage method, internal resistance method, ampere hour method, linear model method, neural network algorithm and Kalman filter method. Through the comparison and analysis of various methods, it provides a scientific choice for the SOC estimation method of nickel hydrogen battery.

Виктория Анатольевна Липинская и Алтай: особенности полевой работы московских этнографов в Сибири в 1960–1990-е годы

The article considers field research of Russian population of Altai Krai (region), carried out in 1960–1991 by the Viktoriya Lipinskaya, in the context of history of expedition activity of Institute of Ethnography of Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Siberia. The research topicality is determined by the fragmentary study of Siberian academic expeditions, problems of formation of ethnographic personnel during the Soviet period, and methods and techniques of ethnographers' field work. The sources of this research are the scientific works by Viktoriya Lipinskaya, based on expeditions materials, as well as materials from the author's own personal archive. Among them there are epistolary sources, interview materials, and memoirs of Viktoriya Lipinskaya. The predominance of documents of personal origin determined the accentuation on under-investigated issues of anthropology of scientific life: the paths of research into ethnographic science, the influence of objective and subjective factors on scientific choice, the ratio of theory and practice in the formation of research competences of young ethnographers. The issues of the organization of expeditions, material and technical support, human and methodological resourcing of field research projects were also considered. The principles of choosing of the research areas and selecting respondents were analyzed, the expedition routing was reconstructed. As a result of the analysis of Viktoriya Lipinskaya biography, closely associated with the scientific life of the 1950–1980s, the contribution of the academic institute to the ethnographic study of the Altai population is assessed, and the influence of subjective and objective factors on the results of academic research is revealed. At the turn of the 1950s and 1960s the formation of research programs was determined by the change of research priorities from the study of “traditionalism” to “innovativeness”, interpreted as the influence of socialist modernization on mentality and utility culture of ethnic and social groups in Soviet society. In this context are considered the activities of the director of Institute of Ethnography AS USSR Sergei Tolstov and his deputy Ludmila Terentieva. At the end, conclusions are drawn about the contribution of Viktoriya Lipinskaya to the ethnographic study of the Russians in Siberia.

Water Absorption Process Parametric Selection For Natural Composites Using The PROMETHEE Method And Analytical Hierarchy Process For Objective Weights For Ship’s Hull Application

T he purpose of this study is to establish the importance of parameters in a water absorption process for natural particulate composite for ship’s hull applications. To attain useful and reliable outcomes, the subjective evaluation of the assessor and weights of inputs are combined in a PROMETHEE and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach. The PROMETHEE serves the goal of ranking while the AHP is deployed to establish the objective weighing. It was found that time is the heading parameter for the natural particulate thermoset composite solutions, compared with thickness and length. By integrating PROMETHEE and AHP, it was proved that this approach offers a higher level of confidence to composite developers than initiative practices that currently dominate choices of parameters. It is particularly useful for natural particulate water absorption parametric selection since it is an innovative and scientific choice approach involving multicriteria analysis.

Assessing the OA impact effect for hybrid journals

This poster showcases the key findings from two multidisciplinary studies that explore the impact advantage of OA in hybrid journals. The studies were recently carried out by Springer Nature in collaboration with Digital Science and are available in the form of a White Paper.The first study takes a global look and compares the impact - as measured by citations, downloads, and altmetric data - of 70 921 non-OA articles to 3004 OA articles. Both article sets were published in the same time frame and journal portfolio. The second study takes a country focus on articles published by corresponding authors affiliated with the United Kingdom: over 3087 OA articles are compared to 6027 non-OA articles. The global studies contain controls for: journal impact factor, subject field, institutional ranking, and geography. Key results include descriptive statistical data as well as predictive models.Both studies are based on Springer Nature’s hybrid journal portfolio, which allows researchers globally to continue to publish in the same journals as each other regardless of their funder or country’s position on open access, supporting the cohesion of scientific communities and author choice.

Priority in Managing Health Intervention Program: A Critical View

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v11i0.7428 Health Prospect 2012;11:30-32

Necessary Sequencing Depth and Clustering Method to Obtain Relatively Stable Diversity Patterns in Studying Fish Gut Microbiota.

The 16S rRNA gene is one of the most commonly used molecular markers for estimating bacterial diversity during the past decades. However, there is no consistency about the sequencing depth (from thousand to millions of sequences per sample), and the clustering methods used to generate OTUs may also be different among studies. These inconsistent premises make effective comparisons among studies difficult or unreliable. This study aims to examine the necessary sequencing depth and clustering method that would be needed to ensure a stable diversity patterns for studying fish gut microbiota. A total number of 42 samples dataset of Siniperca chuatsi (carnivorous fish) gut microbiota were used to test how the sequencing depth and clustering may affect the alpha and beta diversity patterns of fish intestinal microbiota. Interestingly, we found that the sequencing depth (resampling 1000-11,000 per sample) and the clustering methods (UPARSE and UCLUST) did not bias the estimates of the diversity patterns during the fish development from larva to adult. Although we should acknowledge that a suitable sequencing depth may differ case by case, our finding indicates that a shallow sequencing such as 1000 sequences per sample may be also enough to reflect the general diversity patterns of fish gut microbiota. However, we have shown in the present study that strict pre-processing of the original sequences is required to ensure reliable results. This study provides evidences to help making a strong scientific choice of the sequencing depth and clustering method for future studies on fish gut microbiota patterns, but at the same time reducing as much as possible the costs related to the analysis.

Objectivity, Ambiguity, and Theory Choice

Kuhn argued that scientific theory choice is, in some sense, a rational matter, but one that is not fully determined by shared objective scientific virtues like accuracy, simplicity, and scope. Okasha imports Arrow’s impossibility theorem into the context of theory choice to show that rather than not fully determining theory choice, these virtues cannot determine it at all. If Okasha is right, then there is no function (satisfying certain desirable conditions) from ‘preference’ rankings supplied by scientific virtues over competing theories (or models, or hypotheses) to a single all-things-considered ranking. This threatens the rationality of science. In this paper we show that if Kuhn’s claims about the role that subjective elements play in theory choice are taken seriously, then the threat dissolves.

Feature Selection for Partial Discharge Severity Assessment in Gas-Insulated Switchgear Based on Minimum Redundancy and Maximum Relevance

Scientific evaluation of partial discharge (PD) severity in gas-insulation switchgear (GIS) can assist in mastering the insulation condition of in-service GIS. Limited theoretical research on the laws of PD deterioration leads to a finite number of evaluation features extracted and subjective features selected for PD severity assessment. Therefore, this study proposes a minimum-redundancy maximum-relevance (mRMR) algorithm-based feature optimization selection method to realize the scientific and reasonable choice of PD severity features. PD ultra-high frequency data of varying severities are produced by simulating four typical insulation defects in GIS, which are then collected in the lab. A 16-dimension feature set describing PD original characteristics is abstracted in phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) mode, and the more informative evaluation feature set characterizing PD severity is further excavated by the mRMR method. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is employed as the classifier for intelligent evaluation to compare the evaluation effects of PD severity between the feature set selected by mRMR and the feature set is composed of discharge times, amplitude value, and time intervals obtained traditionally based on discharge change theory. The proposed comparison test showed the effectiveness of the mRMR method in informative feature selection and the accuracy of PD severity assessment for all defined defects.

Dedication Pierre Binétruy (1955 - 2017): A scientific biography

Pierre Binétruy, born in 1955, obtained his "state doctorate" in 1980 under the direction of Mary K. Gaillard, with a thesis on "Theoretical aspects and phenomenology of gauge theories". From 1979 to 1986, he held several positions as postdoctoral fellow at CERN and in the United States (University of California at Berkeley, University of Florida, University of Chicago). In 1986, he was recruited as a CNRS researcher at the LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux and 4 years later as a professor at the University of Paris XI in the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics. In 2003, he was named professor at the University Paris Diderot.

Application of Wind-Solar Hybrid Energy for Optimization and Design for Seawater Desalination System

China has long coastline and numerous islands, which contains ocean fishing, coastal aquaculture and development base of Marine resource and a state of coastal area. Conventional energy often can not be used in these islands, where fresh water resources is scarce, and often the quality of water does not conform to the hygiene standards. Transporting freshwater from land needs too high costs , and often may be affected by the weather. It’s a scientific and rational choice that utilizing the local rich resources of solar energy, wind energy and seawater resources to construct desalination station by using Wind-Solar Hybrid Energy, solve the problem of shortage of electric and water in these island areas and protect the ecological environment. In this paper, seawater desalination system by using Wind-Solar Hybrid Energy has being designed on the optimization and the economic benefit according to the wind, solar and water resources situation.

Le paysage irlandais, un espace photogénique : réflexions autour de quelques séries photographiques en Irlande

Ireland is known to be a photogenic country. Yet it seems that verdant Ireland and its rugged coastlines have been turned into cliches and dominant visual stereotypes which are deemed to represent the only true and authentic landscapes of Ireland. Basing our study on three photographic series by the authors, we shall explore landscape as a form of language in which the notion of framing reflects an aesthetic and a scientific choice. While the photographer tries to capture his perception of the landscape, the geographer develops an analytical description. Here, the Irish landscape is treated as a testing ground for both views. This paper will move from individual observations towards a diversified approach to the plurality of aesthetic readings.

Effect evaluation of auricular plaster therapy based on the pattern/syndrome differentiation in patients with constipation induced by strong opioid drugs for pain

Objective To explore the effect of auricular plaster therapy on associated symptoms and quality of life in patients with constipation induced by strong opioid drugs for pain.Methods A total of 60 patients selected were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group with 30 cases in each group.The intervention group was treated with auriculotherapy based on the pattern/syndrome differentiation after detecting the auricular sensitive acupoints' distribution in patients with opioid-induced constipation after receiving opioid therapy.BFI,self-made scale on symptoms accompanied by constipation and PAC-QOL were used to collect data about constipation symptoms and the level of quality of life before or after the intervention,and still with a subset of the intervention group followed for more than two weeks.Results The BFI and PAC-QOL scores of the intervention and control group were lower after intervention,and the decline score of the two groups showed significant difference.But for the self-made scale,the score of each item was slightly lower compared with that before treatment,which showed no statistically significant difference between groups.A follow-up of 2 weeks showed that the long-term efficacy of auricular plaster therapy was significantly lower than before,but was less desirable than short-term.Conclusions Scientific and reasonable choice of acupoint prescription according to syndrome differentiation can effectively improve symptoms accompanied by constipation and patients' quality of life. Key words: Auricular plaster therapy; Opioid; Constipation; Quality of life

PARADIGM SHIFT: A MEAN FIELD GAME APPROACH

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the consequences of young researchers' scientific choice on the dynamics of sciences. We develop a simple two state mean field game model to analyse the competition between two paradigms based on Kuhn's theory of scientific revolution. The dynamics of the model are driven by the scientific choice of young researchers at the beginning of their career. Despite the possibility of multiple equilibria, the model exhibits at least one stable solution in which both para digms coexist. The occurrence of shocks on the parameters may induce the shift from one paradigm to the other. During this shift, researchers' choice is proved to be having a great impact on the evolution of sciences.

Researching on the Mode of Selecting Key Village in Administrative Villages

The scientific and rational choice of the key village is the “bottleneck” in the planning and construction of new countryside and a key starting point in the urban-rural integration. The existing situation is that its geographical scope is not clear and the method of selecting it is high artificial, lack of quantitative indicators and scientific analyses. In this article, we take them as theoretical bases some basic principles of selecting the key villages site in administrative villages and the spatial interaction gravitational model, and as practical bases selecting the key villages of 98 administrative villages in Xiaogan, China. By the method of a combination of restriction analysis, calculation of attractive force, comparative analysis and public consultation, we put forward the general process and the 3343 mode: three principles, three factors, four types of key villages and three steps.