Scientific Requirements Research Articles

Semantic Orchestration and Exploitation of Material Data: A Dataspace Solution Demonstrated on Steel and Copper Applications

In materials science and manufacturing, vast amounts of heterogeneous data (e.g., measurement and simulation logs, process data, publications) serve as the bedrock of valuable knowledge for various engineering applications. However, efficiently storing and managing this diverse data pose challenges due to limited standardization and integration across different organizational units. Addressing these challenges is essential to fully unlock the potential of data‐driven approaches. This article introduces novel, comprehensive semantic methodology tailored to materials engineering and realized as a technology stack named Dataspace Management System (DSMS), which powers dataspace solutions that leverage the knowledge encoded in heterogeneous data sources to support data‐driven insights and to derive new knowledge. At its core, DSMS offers a distinctive knowledge management approach tuned to meet the specific requirements of the materials science and manufacturing domain, all while adhering to the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles. DSMS provides functionalities for data integration, linkage, exploration, visualization, processing, data sharing, and services (e.g., consulting) to support engineers in decision‐making, design, and optimization. An architectural overview is presented, outlining core concepts and their technological implementation. In addition, the applicability of these concepts to common data processing tasks is demonstrated through use cases from the StahlDigital and KupferDigital research projects within Germany's MaterialDigital initiative.

A process-based model to evaluate cooperation between a function-sharing city alliance: The example of the Harz planning region, Germany

Since 2005, there has been an increase in the sharing of functions between the central places of the federal states in Germany. Especially in light of the demographic and structural changes in rural regions, function-sharing city alliances are essential to secure the provision of services of general interest. As part of a central place system, function-sharing city alliances are subject to performance evaluation in some states, but the federal-state development plans do not define the type of evaluation, its function, form or criteria. There is currently no standardised evaluation approach. Using the example of three newly cooperating cities in the Harz planning region (Germany), this paper presents a holistic and tiered model for evaluating the shared provision of high-order services of general interest. The model considers the maturity of the cooperation by combining different forms of evaluation at different points in time. The scorecard technique enables the combination of various quantitative and qualitative criteria in one evaluation system. When developing the model, we applied the real-world lab approach as a research mode to ensure the evaluation model met scientific and practical requirements. The modular nature of the evaluation model enables a transfer to other function-sharing city alliances and can therefore form the basis of a standardised evaluation approach.

Calibration and Validation of NOAA-21 Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Mapper Sensor Data Record Data

The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suites (OMPS) Nadir Mapper (NM) is a grating spectrometer within the OMPS nadir instruments onboard the SNPP, NOAA-20, and NOAA-21 satellites. It is designed to measure Earth radiance and solar irradiance spectra in wavelengths from 300 nm to 380 nm for operational retrievals of the nadir total column ozone. This study presents calibration and validation analysis results for the NOAA-21 OMPS NM SDR data to meet the JPSS scientific requirements. The NOAA-21 OMPS SDR calibration derives updates of several previous OMPS algorithms, including the dark current correction algorithm, one-time wavelength registration from ground to on-orbit, daily intra-orbit wavelength shift correction, and stray light correction. Additionally, this study derives an empirical scale factor to remove 2.2% of systematic biases in solar flux data, which were caused by pre-launch solar calibration errors of the OMPS nadir instruments. The validation of the NOAA-21 OMPS SDR data is conducted using various methods. For example, the 32-day average method and radiative transfer model are employed to estimate inter-sensor radiometric calibration differences from either the SNPP or NOAA-20 data. The quality of the NOAA-21 OMPS NM SDR data is largely consistent with that of the SNPP and NOAA-20 OMPS data, with differences generally within ±2%. This meets the scientific requirements, except for some deviations mainly in the dichroic range between 300 nm and 303 nm. The deep convective cloud target approach is used to monitor the stability of NOAA-21 OMPS reflectance above 330 nm, showing a variation of 0.5% over the observed period. Data from the NOAA-21 VIIRS M1 band are used to estimate OMPS NM data geolocation errors, revealing that along-track errors can reach up to 3 km, while cross-track errors are generally within ±1 km.

Polyphenols in Human Nutrition: European Regulations and Potential Classification as a Novel Food or Food Additive.

Polyphenols are widely present in botanicals and are partially responsible for the health benefits associated with plant-based diets. Due to their nutritional and health-promoting properties, polyphenols are increasingly being proposed as innovative food ingredients, whether for technological applications or for inclusion in food supplements and other food products to enhance health. However, the regulatory considerations surrounding the use of polyphenols in human nutrition are critical. Although polyphenols are routinely consumed through fruits and vegetables, in Europe, polyphenols and plant extracts can be classified as novel foods or food additives. The scientific evaluation conducted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to obtain the necessary authorizations is stringent, requiring a substantial level of evidence to ensure the safe use of polyphenols. This work aims to provide an overview of the current European regulatory frameworks for novel foods and food additives and to discuss the scientific requirements for the approval of pure polyphenols and polyphenol-rich botanical extracts in Europe.

A Cohesive Deep Drilling Field Strategy for LSST Cosmology

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will image billions of astronomical objects in the wide–fast–deep primary survey and in a set of minisurveys including intensive observations of a group of deep drilling fields (DDFs). The DDFs are a critical piece of three key aspects of the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) cosmological measurements: they provide a required calibration for photometric redshifts (photo-z) and weak gravitational lensing (WL) measurements and they directly contribute to cosmological constraints from the most distant Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We present a set of cohesive DDF strategies fulfilling science requirements relevant to DESC and following the guidelines of the Survey Cadence Optimization Committee. We propose a method to estimate the observing strategy parameters and we perform simulations of the corresponding surveys. We define a set of metrics for each science case to assess the performance of the proposed observing strategies. We show that the most promising results are achieved with deep rolling surveys characterized by two sets of fields: ultradeep fields (z ≲ 1.1) observed at a high cadence with a large number of visits over a limited number of seasons, and deep fields (z ≲ 0.7), observed with a cadence of ∼3 nights for 10 yr. These encouraging results should be confirmed with realistic simulations using the LSST scheduler. A DDF budget of ∼8.5% is required to design observing strategies satisfying all the cosmological requirements. A lower DDF budget leads to surveys that either do not fulfill the photo-z/WL requirements or are not optimal for SN Ia cosmology.

Lossy Compression of Integer Astronomical Images Preserving Photometric Properties* *This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE, under grant PID2021-125258OB-I00; also by the Catalan Government under grant SGR2021-00643; and also by the “PhotSat” project under the Institute for Space Studies of

Observatories are producing astronomical image data at quickly increasing rates. As a result, the efficiency of the compression methods employed is critical to meet the storage and distribution requirements of both observatories and scientists. This paper presents a novel lossy compression technique that is able to preserve the results of photometry analysis with high fidelity while improving upon the state of the art in terms of compression performance. The proposed compression pipeline combines a flexible bi-region quantization scheme with the lossless, dictionary-based, LPAQ9M encoder. The quantization process allows compression performance and photometric fidelity to be precisely tailored to different scientific requirements. A representative data set of 16-bit integer astronomical images produced by telescopes from all around the world has been employed to empirically assess its compression-fidelity trade-offs, and compare them to those of the de facto standard Fpack compressor. In these experiments, the widespread SExtractor software is employed as the ground truth for photometric analysis. Results indicate that after lossy compression with our proposed method, the decompressed data allows consistent detection of over 99% of all astronomical objects for all tested telescopes, maintaining the highest photometric fidelity (as compared to state of the art lossy techniques). When compared to the best configuration of Fpack (Hcompress lossy using 1 quantization parameter) at similar compression rates, our proposed method provides better photometry precision: 7.15% more objects are detected with magnitude errors below 0.01, and 9.13% more objects with magnitudes below SExtractor’s estimated measurement error. Compared to the best lossless compression results, the proposed pipeline allows us to reduce the compressed data set volume by up to 38.75% and 27.94% while maintaining 90% and 95%, respectively, of the detected objects with magnitude differences lower than 0.01 mag; and up to 18.93% while maintaining 90% of the detected objects with magnitude differences lower than the photometric measure error.

The Current Situation and Investigation and Analysis of Home School Cooperation in the Connect between Kindergarten and Primary Education under the "Double Reduction" Policy

After the implementation of the "Double Reduction" policy, there are more standardized and scientific requirements for the connect between Kindergarten and primary education. Various regions have begun to implement policy requirements and vigorously promote the connect between primary and secondary education. However, carrying out home school cooperation during the connect from kindergarten to primary school still faces practical difficulties and challenges.Therefore, this study mainly adopts questionnaire survey and interview methods to investigate and analyze the current situation of home school cooperation in the connect from kindergarten to primary school under the influence of the "Double Reduction" policy, in order to establish a synergistic effect between kindergartens and families and achieve a smooth transition from kindergarten to primary school.

Electrophoretic deposition of novel antibacterial and biocompatible polydopamine and ZIF-8 hybrid composite coating on anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy with silane primary substrate

Production of biocompatible and corrosion resistance dental implant is a requirement in the modern dental science. In this work, the Ti-6Al-4V was used alloy for the dental implant application that has investigated to make it more corrosion resistive and antibacterial with electrophoretic deposition of silane precursor solution that made of acidic solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and methyl three ethoxy silane (MTES). The optimized silane coating has been achieved with 30 V, 30 min and at 100 °C ramped annealing by comparison of Taffel analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, a new nanocomposite including polydopamine (PDA) and zeolite imidazole frame work composed from Zn (NO3)2 .6H2O and 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-8) that name PDA@ZIF-8 has been used as biocompatible and corrosion resistance amplifier to the precursor solution and used in the multilayer deposition process. The morphology analysis including atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging and the obtained parameters show that coating has appropriate roughness that could increase the bounding of implant. A good adhesion strength has been determined for the two-layers silane coating with PDA@ZIF-8 according to the pull- off test. On the other hand, the antibacterial analysis indicate that the coating is an effective material for S. mutans and E. coli reduction that is another criterion for the dental implant materials. The results was introduced the coated Ti-6Al-4V could be used as corrosion resistive and antibacterial dental implant material.

Theology as a factor of sociocultural development of society in the works of ‘Ata’ Allah Bayazitov

The article attempts to determine the role and historical significance of the innovative views of ‘Ata’ Allah Bayazitov (1846–1911) in the development of the cultural potential of the Tatar people. The author draws attention to the time and essence of innovations in traditional Russian Muslim society. A number of Tatar intellectuals laid down approaches and methods that met scientific requirements, tools suitable for discussing a new understanding and interaction of theological and philosophical knowledge. Innovators proposed new concepts of the theory of knowledge, aimed at revealing religious thought in its modern understanding: such as confidence in the human mind, the primacy of man, the immanence of God. Through understanding a number of conceptual issues of Islamic Theology, Tatar educational theologians developed methods for overcoming the ideological problems of the Muslim community. This, in turn, made it possible to lay the foundations for building a state-confessional dialogue. The author concludes that the paradigm of thinking built by the innovators was the need to implement divine instructions in social and production activities, and not just in the spiritual sphere. This is the key to the development of the cognitive function and the decisive criterion in the search for truth. Thus, we can observe the process of transformation of Theology from the medieval science of God into the modern science of faith.

БАРОН ДЕ БАЗАНКУР: ЛИТЕРАТОР, ИСТОРИК, ВОЕННЫЙ КОРРЕСПОНДЕНТ. ЧАСТЬ V. «ИСТОРИЯ СИЦИЛИИ…» И ПОДХОДЫ «НАРРАТИВНОГО МЕТОДА»

Having entered the literary field in 1836 with the publication of the historical novel “The Queen’s Flying Squadron (1560)”, Baron de Bazancourt subsequently actively tried his hand at the feuilleton novel genre. Historical novels occupied a prominent place in his work, which, however, did not bring him much success. In 1846, Bazancourt published “History of Sicily under the Normans,” which was positioned as a historical study and significantly strengthened the author’s creative reputation. The article examines the connection of this work with the tradition of the “narrative method” in historical science, and traces the author’s approaches that allow him to achieve a combination of scientific requirements for historicism with his own aesthetic predilections.

The need for a risk management framework for data science projects: a systematic literature review

Many data science endeavors encounter failure, surfacing at any project phase. Even after successful deployments, data science projects grapple with ethical dilemmas, such as bias and discrimination. Current project management methodologies prioritize efficiency and cost savings over risk management. The methodologies largely overlook the diverse risks of sociotechnical systems and risk articulation inherent in data science lifecycles. Conversely, while the established risk management framework (RMF) by NIST and McKinsey aims to manage AI risks, there is a heavy reliance on normative definitions of risk, neglecting the multifaceted subjectivities of data science project failures. This paper reports on a systematic literature review that identifies three main themes: Big Data Execution Issues, Demand for a Risk Management Framework tailored for Large-Scale Data Science Projects, and the need for a General Risk Management Framework for all Data Science Endeavors. Another overarching focus is on how risk is articulated by the institution and the practitioners. The paper discusses a novel and adaptive data science risk management framework – “DS EthiCo RMF” – which merges project management, ethics, and risk management for diverse data science projects into one holistic framework. This agile risk management framework DS EthiCo RMF can bridge the current divide between normative risk standards and the multitude of data science requirements, offering a human-centric method to navigate the intertwined sociotechnical risks of failure in data science projects.

Unlocking the Potential of Secondary Data for Public Health Research: Retrospective Study With a Novel Clinical Platform.

Clinical routine data derived from university hospitals hold immense value for health-related research on large cohorts. However, using secondary data for hypothesis testing necessitates adherence to scientific, legal (such as the General Data Protection Regulation, federal and state protection legislations), technical, and administrative requirements. This process is intricate, time-consuming, and susceptible to errors. This study aims to develop a platform that enables clinicians to use current real-world data for testing research and evaluate advantages and limitations at a large university medical center (542,944 patients in 2022). We identified requirements from clinical practitioners, conceptualized and implemented a platform based on the existing components, and assessed its applicability in clinical reality quantitatively and qualitatively. The proposed platform was established at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and made 639 forms encompassing 10,629 data elements accessible to all resident scientists and clinicians. Every day, the number of patients rises, and parts of their electronic health records are made accessible through the platform. Qualitatively, we were able to conduct a retrospective analysis of Parkinson disease over 777 patients, where we provide additional evidence for a significantly higher proportion of action tremors in patients with rest tremors (340/777, 43.8%) compared with those without rest tremors (255/777, 32.8%), as determined by a chi-square test (P<.001). Quantitatively, our findings demonstrate increased user engagement within the last 90 days, underscoring clinicians' increasing adoption of the platform in their regular research activities. Notably, the platform facilitated the retrieval of clinical data from 600,000 patients, emphasizing its substantial added value. This study demonstrates the feasibility of simplifying the use of clinical data to enhance exploration and sustainability in scientific research. The proposed platform emerges as a potential technological and legal framework for other medical centers, providing them with the means to unlock untapped potential within their routine data.

Research on the application technology of expert knowledge graph based on genetic search algorithm

Abstract The present study investigates the application of a genetic search algorithm on an expert knowledge graph. By employing binary coding for candidate experts in the expert database, the matching evaluation function is utilized to define the environmental fitness index, thereby optimizing the selection of expert groups. Experimental results demonstrate that the GES algorithm exhibits a superior matching degree and reduced time consumption when addressing science and technology item-matching requirements in review work. In comparison with the traditional BFS algorithm and GIS algorithm, the GES algorithm showcases enhanced potential for application and stability when confronted with large datasets. This paper further analyzes the impact of factors such as the total number of experts, number of fields, and number of scientific and technological projects on algorithm performance, confirming that adjustment of algorithm parameters can effectively enhance matching degree while reducing time consumption, thus providing technical support for practical implementation.

Feasibility of a Fiber-Dispersive Raman Spectrometer for Biomarker Detection.

Raman spectroscopy is among the top analytical techniques for ultra-low-dense organic matter, crucial to the search for life and analysis of celestial body surfaces in space exploration missions. Achieving the ultimate sensitivity of in-situ Raman spectroscopy necessitates a breakthrough in detecting inelastically scattered light. Single-photon detectors (SPDs) operating in photon counting mode, which can differentiate between Raman and luminescence responses, are promising candidates for the challenging scientific requirements. Since large SPD arrays are not yet commercially available, a dispersive element can be adapted to a single-pixel detector. By exploiting chromatic dispersion in optical fibers and picosecond-pulsed excitation, we delay the arrivals of different spectral components onto a single-pixel SPD. This method also separates weak Raman signals from stronger luminescence through correlated time-domain measurements. We study the impact of fiber properties and the excitation wavelength of a pulsed laser on the spectral resolution of the fiber-dispersive Raman spectrometer (FDRS). Additionally, we demonstrate the FDRS's potential for studying biomarkers and discuss its feasibility for analyzing inclusions in ice matrices.

Linguistic-literary synergies in modern Ukrainian philology

Modern research in the field of Ukrainian philology increasingly combines linguistics and literary studies, demonstrating an interdisciplinary approach to the study of language and literature. The study used a limited strategy of searching for relevant data in databases such as Google Scholar, Frontiersin, ResearchGate, Scopus, using the keywords “Interdisciplinarity, Linguistics, Literature Studies”. The search was focused on articles published between 2019 and 2024, written in English and containing these open access keywords, which were compared to conference articles. The results indicate the relevance of this approach in the context of the growing specialisation of research, as it allows for the consideration of objects of study from different perspectives and the use of methods and approaches from different scientific disciplines. The interdisciplinary approach in Ukrainian philology allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena of language and literature, to study their interaction and mutual influence. Professional specialists in the field of linguistics and literary studies have the opportunity to jointly solve complex problems using a variety of methods and approaches. Thus, it can be concluded that the interdisciplinary approach to the study of Ukrainian philology opens up new opportunities for the development of scientific research, promoting the exchange of knowledge and deepening the understanding of language and literature in the context of modern scientific requirements.

Multitrack Diplomacy and Inclusion: Is Patchworked Peacemaking Really a Way Forward?

ABSTRACT Peacebuilding has undergone profound changes since 'multi-track' diplomacy was introduced. The multi-track model was intended to show that the different levels of peacemaking should support and encourage each other, but is increasingly challenged. The idea of Patchworked Peacemaking may encourage the different Tracks to build on each other's strengths. However, Patchworked Peacemaking will require the abilities and reflective ‘artistry’ of individuals in ways which may not conform to the requirements of social science. Patchworked Peacemaking thus likely has more relevance to process design at the operational sharp end than it does to the ongoing search for generalised and parsimonious models.

The Design of GECAM Scientific Ground Segment

The Gravitational wave burst high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a dedicated mission for monitoring high-energy transients. Here we report the design of the GECAM Scientific Ground Segment (GSGS) in terms of the scientific requirements, including the architecture, the external interfaces, the main function, and workflow. Judging from the analysis and verification results during the commissioning phase, the GSGS functions well and is able to monitor the status of the payloads, adjust the parameters, develop the scientific observation plans, generate the scientific data products, analyze the data, etc. Thus, the on-orbit operation and scientific researches of GECAM are guaranteed.

Guidance on scientific principles and data requirements for the safety and relative bioavailability assessment of new micronutrient sources.

Following the adoption of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers, the European Commission requested EFSA to update its 'Guidance on safety evaluation of sources of nutrients and bioavailability of the nutrient from the sources' regarding the scientific principles and data requirements for the scientific assessment of all new forms of micronutrients and to derive a conversion factor for new micronutrient sources or forms of micronutrients to be authorised for addition to foods, including food supplements. This guidance outlines the scientific principles that the NDA Panel will consider for the assessment of the safety and the quantification of the relative bioavailability of new sources of micronutrients, which applicants are requested to consider when preparing their applications. It also outlines the data requirements for dossiers. Applicants should integrate the data presented in different sections to provide their overall considerations on how the information provided supports the safety of the new micronutrient source and the quantification of its relative bioavailability compared to a reference source under the proposed conditions of use. As preparatory work for the development of this guidance, EFSA launched an Expert Survey and held an online workshop on 9th March 2023 inviting scientific input from stakeholders and scientific experts, the report of which is now available online in the EFSA's webpage.

Guidance on the scientific requirements for an application for authorisation of a novel food in the context of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283.

The European Commission requested EFSA to update the scientific guidance for the preparation of applications for authorisation of novel foods, previously developed following the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 on novel foods. This guidance document provides advice on the scientific information needed to be submitted by the applicant towards demonstrating the safety of the novel food. Requirements pertain to the description of the novel food, production process, compositional data, specifications, proposed uses and use levels and anticipated intake of the novel food. Furthermore, information needed in sections on the history of use of the novel food and/or its source, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicological information, nutritional information and allergenicity is also described. The applicant should integrate and interpret the data presented in the different sections to provide their overall considerations on how the information supports the safety of the novel food under the proposed conditions of use. Where potential health hazards have been identified, they are to be discussed in relation to the anticipated intake of the novel food and the proposed target populations. On the basis of the information provided, EFSA will assess the safety of the novel food under the proposed conditions of use.

Guidance on the scientific requirements for a notification and application for authorisation of traditional foods from third countries in the context of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283.

The European Commission requested EFSA to update the scientific guidance for the preparation of notifications for authorisation of traditional foods, previously developed following the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 on novel foods. This guidance document provides advice on the scientific information needed to be submitted by applicants when submitting traditional food notifications pursuant to Article 14 and traditional food applications pursuant to Article 16 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The safety of a traditional food should be substantiated by data on its composition, its experience of continued use and its proposed conditions of use. Its normal consumption should not be nutritionally disadvantageous. The applicant should integrate the information on the composition and the experience of continued use and provide a concise overall consideration on how this substantiates the history of safe use of the traditional food and how this relates to the proposed conditions of use for the EU. Potential health hazards identified on the basis of compositional data and/or data from the experience of continued use should be discussed. On the basis of the information provided, EFSA will assess the safety related to the consumption of the traditional food under the proposed conditions of use.