Science Movement Research Articles

A libraries reproducibility hackathon: connecting students to University research and testing the longevity of published code

Reproducibility is a basis of scientific integrity, yet it remains a significant challenge across disciplines in computational science. This reproducibility crisis is now being met with an Open Science movement, which has risen to prominence within the scientific community and academic libraries especially. To address the need for reproducible computational research and promote Open Science within the community, members of the Open Science and Data Collaborations Program at Carnegie Mellon University Libraries organized a single-day hackathon centered around reproducibility. Partnering with a faculty researcher in English and Digital Humanities, this event allowed several students an opportunity to interact with real research outputs, test the reproducibility of data analyses with code, and offer feedback for improvements. With Python code and data shared by the researcher in an open repository, we revealed that students could successfully reproduce most of the data visualizations, but they required completing some manual setup and modifications to address depreciated libraries to successfully rerun the code. During the event, we also investigated the option of using ChatGPT to debug and troubleshoot rerunning this code. By interacting with a ChatGPT API in the code, we found and addressed the same roadblocks and successfully reproduced the same figures as the participating students. Assessing a second option, we also collaborated with the researcher to publish a compute capsule in Code Ocean. This option presented an alternative to manual setup and modifications, an accessible option for more limited devices like tablets, and a simple solution for outside researchers to modify or build on existing research code.

Identifying Tools and Techniques for Picking out Cultural Bottlenecks: Another Crucial Component of the Symbiotic Approach to Socio-Cultural Change

This paper is built upon our earlier papers on the symbiotic approach to sociocultural change, and extends them meaningfully in new directions. This is done by proposing different types of tools and techniques that can be used in identifying cultural bottlenecks, and can therefore be used to usher in, or bring about a faster pace of sociocultural change. We therefore, aptly and appropriately begin this paper by carrying out a brief overview of our earlier papers on sociocultural change, and by briefly laying down their various concepts and postulates. Subsequently, and resultantly, various tools and techniques for identifying and overcoming cultural bottlenecks are also proposed. These include an alignment with a cultural taxonomy, a comparative method to compare cultures, a high low analysis of values, a root cause analysis of cultural performance, analysis of cultural orientations, an evaluation of cultural performance by laying down metric and measurements and analyzing the pace of sociocultural change, etc. We also briefly discuss ethnographic techniques that can be used to evaluate cultures, including long-term ethnography and the ethnography of enculturation. Likewise, social science research methods, and components of research design are reviewed, besides some other approaches to identifying and analyzing cultural bottlenecks. We hope and anticipate that this paper will become a useful cog in the machine to bring about faster sociocultural change, and will become an intrinsic part of our globalization of science movement as well.

Mapping of Petanque Sports Research Trends for the period 2011-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis in the Scopus Database

Objectives. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the trend of petanque sports from 2011 to 2024 in the Scopus database. The research focused on productivity assessment, publication type, journal ranking, frequency of publishing, number of citations, study area focus, keywords, and co-authorship. Materials and methods. This study was carried out using a bibliometric method. The research stages comprised (1) searching for articles using the Boolean “Petanque” AND “petanque in sport”, (2) inquiry with inclusion criteria of e-books, short reports, conferences, original articles, literature reviews in English, French, and Spanish from 2011 to 2024, (3) filtering 34 articles, (4) eliminating 19 articles, leaving 15 articles that were considered worthy, (5) re-filtering and producing the same number, namely 15 articles, and (6) deciding 15 final data articles. Data collection and analysis techniques used were Mendeley, VOSviewer, and Excel. Results. In terms of productivity, 3 (20.00 %) documents were identified from 2011, 2021, and 2024; the most common type of document was original articles, with a total of 13 (86.67 %); the most journal rankings were in quartile 3 and 4 (30.00 %); the journals most frequently publishing research on petanque included the Journal of Physical Education and Sport, Ethnologie Francaise, Concurrences, and the International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, and Retos, each of which had 2 (13,00 %) documents; while the largest number of citations was from Pelana et al, with 26 citations. The majority of studies focused on physical, technical, and biomechanical aspects. The most commonly appearing keywords included performance, athlete, performance characteristic, sport, optimum group performance, and psychological training plan. Regarding collaboration, 14 researchers were found to be cooperating on the same research topic. Conclusions. Petanque sports studies still require better research productivity and innovation to improve information and knowledge.

Какая гендерная теория нужна российской социальной психологии

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective</strong>. The article problematizes the theoretical field of gender studies and the concept of “gender”, which are currently vulnerable in the socio-political context. The aim of the article is to determine the range of theories of Russian psychologists capable of solving topical issues in the field of gender social psychology outside of a politically conflicting discourse. <br><strong>Background</strong>. According to political theory, psychological knowledge can become a guide for political practice, this area of political science is called biopolitics. The constructivist theoretical field of gender studies belongs to the field of biopolitics; in Western gender theory, the deconstruction of gender is allowed not only as a social phenomenon, but also as a change in biological sex. Moreover, the possibility of deconstructing gender and sex is currently determined by political practice, not by psychological or psychiatric indications. The use of Western gender theory and the concept of “gender” in political conflicts pushes Russian social psychology to search for a theory based on the concepts of Russian psychologists focused on the analysis of the socio-psychological reality of gender relations. <br><strong>Results</strong>. The article emphasizes the impossibility of the reverse movement of science and the choice of the gender-role approach as outdated, not responding to the needs of modernity. Three theories are called productive and adequate to modern problems: the cultural-historical theory of L.S. Vygotsky, the subject-activity approach of S.L. Rubinstein, the theory of relations by V.N. Myasishchev. The concept of gender relations by I.S. Kletsina, one of the most popular modern concepts of gender in Russian psychology. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. Gender psychology is a new branch of social psychology, which turned out to be vulnerable to political initiatives in a period of socio-political instability. The search for new theoretical constructs and the educational activity of psychologists in the biopolitical field will help gender psychology overcome the crisis period.</p>

Building Upon “Foundationalism” to Achieve the Objectives of Contemporary Science: How this can Lead to Faster Scientific Progress and Inclusive Science

This paper is one of our most important ones in the core philosophy of science, and one that we expect to stand science in extremely good stead as well. We believe this can move the needle and push the envelope as well, and lead us to what we have always called “scientific progress at the speed of light”. We naturally commence this paper by tracing the history of the term “foundationalism” itself, right from the time of the Ancient Greeks, renaissance and enlightenment thinkers, and finally to the modern and contemporary ones. Types of foundationalism such as strong and weak foundationalism, modest foundationalism, and then finally anti-foundationalism, internalism and externalism are also discussed and dissected threadbare along with allied and related concepts such as circular logic and reasoning, regress and infinite regress, all of which form a part of epistemology. The core concepts forming a part of this paper such as forward linkages, backward linkages, and traceability matrices are also discussed. We follow this up with the core principles of this paper, and discuss the ideal and recommended direction of research, including the ideal nature of research, primary research, secondary research, basic and applied research, and cross-cultural collaboration including vertical and horizontal collaboration as well. This paper is also much more importantly linked to our papers on sociocultural change, pedagogy, scientific methods, and other papers in the social sciences for maximum impact and efficacy. It is therefore an important part and parcel of our globalization of science movement, and one that will help realize our overall goals and mission greatly.

Open Science roles for libraries

Purpose: To give a review of the significance of Open Science for libraries in the context of the wider Open movement, with international perspectives and examples from national, academic, and public libraries. Methodology/approach: A qualitative synthesis of recent literature and web materials is presented. Results: Particular consideration is given to the need for open library infrastructures, support for Citizen Science, Open Science communication, and libraries as demonstrators of open technologies. It is suggested that libraries are well placed to support and promote the Open movement, but that practical issues of policy and resources, as well as philosophical aspects of Open movement, must be considered. Research limitations: The literature review is selective rather than comprehensive, and most material comes from Europe and North America. Originality/practical implications: The review should help librarians find a realistic appreciation of the opportunities offered by the Open Science movement.

Data on librarians' perceptions of participation in a citizen science project in a network of public libraries

Citizen Science (CS) is an approach to scientific work and part of the Open Science movement. This study aims to analyse the perception of the librarians about their participation in the aBEIRAr project, which is a CS partnership for the valorisation of the territory developed in the Intermunicipal Network of Libraries of Beiras and Serra da Estrela (RIBBSE) in Portugal. The methodology comprised a literature review, and the case study includes an interview and a survey. Of the results obtained, the following stand out: the libraries are the driving forces behind the aBEIRAr project; they choose the themes, organise and dynamize the activities in their local communities, and establish various partnerships with the mediation of the project's scientific coordination; the level of satisfaction of the librarians in this project is very satisfactory; in the libraries, after carrying out the aBEIRAr project, the number of participants in other face-to-face activities and the interaction on their social network profiles increased; librarians consider that CS can bring to public libraries and their users participative scientific knowledge. The data provides valuable insights into the possibilities and challenges associated with executing CS projects in collaboration with public libraries. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion about the role of libraries as essential community centers.

Referee quality and article citations: a case study of a finance journal

ABSTRACT As a result of the open science movement, we take advantage of one of the few journals in business studies, the Journal of Financial Economics (JFE), which between 2009 and 2021 named some of their referees. This allows us to produce a novel hand-collected data set to explore the extent to which referee quality matters in identifying articles that will receive strong future citations. We find that prominent academics are more likely to identify articles that will exhibit a high number of citations. This relationship is most pronounced among referees who are in a relatively mature stage in their careers. These results indicate that high-quality researchers, especially those in a relatively mature stage, are more likely to identify the potential of an article. To maximize future citations, editors thus need to consider the research publication record of the referees when making their selections. Overall, we provide insights which are of interest and relevance across higher education research.

Fixing science means an end to gaming the system.

During the last decade, there has been a substantial acceleration in the open science movement. Most people would probably hope to have seen signs of positive change in that time, yet it seems that the process of improving the practice of science is moving at a glacial pace.

Cervical Sensorimotor Function Tests Using a VR Headset-An Evaluation of Concurrent Validity.

Sensorimotor disturbances such as disturbed cervical joint position sense (JPS) and reduced reaction time and velocity in fast cervical movements have been demonstrated in people with neck pain. While these sensorimotor functions have been assessed mainly in movement science laboratories, new sensor technology enables objective assessments in the clinic. The aim was to investigate concurrent validity of a VR-based JPS test and a new cervical reaction acuity (CRA) test. Twenty participants, thirteen asymptomatic and seven with neck pain, participated in this cross-sectional study. The JPS test, including outcome measures of absolute error (AE), constant error (CE), and variable error (VE), and the CRA test, including outcome measures of reaction time and maximum velocity, were performed using a VR headset and compared to a gold standard optical motion capture system. The mean bias (assessed with the Bland-Altman method) between VR and the gold standard system ranged from 0.0° to 2.4° for the JPS test variables. For the CRA test, reaction times demonstrated a mean bias of -19.9 milliseconds (ms), and maximum velocity a mean bias of -6.5 degrees per seconds (°/s). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between VR and gold standard were good to excellent (ICC 0.835-0.998) for the JPS test, and excellent (ICC 0.931-0.954) for reaction time and maximum velocity for the CRA test. The results show acceptable concurrent validity for the VR technology for assessment of JPS and CRA. A slightly larger bias was observed in JPS left rotation which should be considered in future research.

Research artifacts for human-oriented experiments in software engineering: An ACM badges-driven structure proposal

Context:The Open Science (OS) movement promotes the value of making public the research artifacts (datasets, analysis scripts, guidelines, etc.) used during empirical studies. OS is widely known in areas such as Medicine or Biology, where the process of sharing research artifacts is subject to strict protocols. Unfortunately, in Software Engineering (SE), this process is carried out in a non-systematic way, resulting in incomplete or inaccurate material shared by researchers, which hinders the reproducibility and replicability of empirical studies. Nevertheless, in recent years, it seems that the Empirical Software Engineering (ESE) community is embracing some of the proposed OS initiatives, such as the one proposed by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), which provides a badge system to evaluate the quality of a research artifact. This badge system has been adopted by several SE conferences as a method of assessing research artifacts. Aims:Focusing on human-oriented experiments (HOEs) in SE, whose research artifacts are more complex than those for computational experiments, this work applies Design Science Research (DSR) with a twofold purpose: (i) review the current status of HOEs research artifacts publication through evaluation of this practice in the most relevant ESE journals , and (ii) propose a structured outline for HOEs research artifacts driven by the aforementioned ACM badging policy. Method:Regarding the first purpose, we carried out a survey to analyze the current status of the publication of research artifacts considering relevant peer review journals and the quality of 106 research artifacts published in these journals with respect to the ACM badging policy. For the second purpose, an iterative process was carried out to review the content of 106 research artifacts research and their concordance with ACM badges, obtaining a structured scheme for HOEs research artifacts that has been validated through a detailed review of 12 research artifacts obtained from some of those of ACM badges in relevant SE conferences. In addition, we validated the proposal in the research artifacts of 2 of our own experiments. Results:Our survey reveals issues such as the 39,70% of journal studies making completely accessible their research artifacts; most of the analyzed research artifacts are incomplete; the most common repositories used in the ESE community to share the research artifacts are GitHub, institutional repositories, and Zenodo. On the other hand, the validated and structured research artifact outline consists of a list of ordered sections containing a set of artifacts, which can be mandatory or not to achieve a particular ACM badge. For its internal validation, several improvement iterations on the first release of the outline have been carried out based on the conference guidelines, the ACM badging policy, and other relevant proposals. Conclusions:Although the ESE community is making great efforts in standardization, review, and digital publishing related to OS, the availability and completeness of research artifacts can be improved. Our proposal for the elaboration of structured research artifact outline meets the requirements of HOEs in SE. Nevertheless, further research is needed not only to improve and externally validate it but also to disseminate its use among the research community.

Sharing, collaborating, and building trust: How Open Science advances language testing

The Open Science movement is taking hold around the world, and language testers are taking part. In this viewpoint, I discuss how sharing, collaborating, and building trust, guided by Open Science principles, benefit the language testing field. To help more language testers join in, I present a standard definition of Open Science and describe four ways language testing researchers can immediately partake. Overall, I share my views on how Open Science is an accelerating process that improves language testing as a scientific and humanistic field.

Integrative insights into PNI: Low-grade chronic inflammation, skeletal muscle wasting, and brain impairments

Skeletal muscle has been recognized as an endocrine organ which communicates with different systems, including the brain. In conditions involving systemic low-grade chronic inflammation, the skeletal muscle can be negatively impacted, culminating in its quantity (mass) and quality (function) losses, referred to here as muscle wasting. The inflammatory milieu, as well known, also impairs the brain function, however there are some particularities involving skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk, including cognitive function and mental health impairments. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is an important field of neuroendocrine-immune-behavior science and an approach between PNI, and the movement science, or kinesiology, field can enrich future research about the relationship between skeletal muscle wasting and brain health. Thus, in this short review, we present an overview about the interplay between skeletal muscle, inflammatory mediator markers, and brain function with the purpose to strengthen the ties between kinesiology and PNI research to enhance futures discoveries and advances in health sciences.

Integrating open education practices with data analysis of open science in an undergraduate course.

The open science movement produces vast quantities of openly published data connected to journal articles, creating an enormous resource for educators to engage students in current topics and analyses. However, educators face challenges using these materials to meet course objectives. I present a case study using open science (published articles and corresponding datasets) and open educational practices in a capstone course. While engaging in current topics of conservation, students trace connections in the research process, learn statistical analyses, and recreate analyses using the programming language R. I assessed the presence of best practices in open articles and datasets, examined student selection in the open grading policy, surveyed students on their perceived learning gains, and conducted a thematic analysis on student reflections. First, articles and datasets met just over half of the assessed fairness practices, which increased with the publication date. There was a marginal difference in how assessment categories were weighted by students, with reflections highlighting appreciation for student agency. In course content, students reported the greatest learning gains in describing variables, while collaborative activities (e.g., interacting with peers and instructor) were the most effective support. The most effective tasks to facilitate these learning gains included coding exercises and team-led assignments. Autocoding of student reflections identified 16 themes, and positive sentiments were written nearly 4x more often than negative sentiments. Students positively reflected on their growth in statistical analyses, and negative sentiments focused on how limited prior experience with statistics and coding made them feel nervous. As a group, we encountered several challenges and opportunities in using open science materials. I present key recommendations, based on student experiences, for scientists to consider when publishing open data to provide additional educational benefits to the open science community.

Temperaments as Basic Bias.

In this work, we argue that the lack of a solid theoretical basis and the absence of an integrative movement in psychological science within evolutionary perspectives has meant that the various attempts to explain and define the phenomenon of "temperaments" offer notions that are either too broad or simply imprecise and, as a result, they failed to reach a high level of consensus among researchers in this science. In this regard, we understand that the evolutionary theory proposed by Osmo (Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 57:205-234, 2023) is promising for reaching such a consensus. Thus, the objective of this article is, from this theory, to offer a better understanding of the phenomenon of "temperaments", and, based on it, to develop a precise and parsimonious definition of this term.

A perspective on the Center for Open Science (COS) preprint servers

Preprints, which are non-peer-reviewed documents that are typically precursors of peer-reviewed papers, or as open access archival forms of published papers (post-prints), are increasingly becoming part of the publishing open access culture. Preprints have been lauded as a rapid form of publication, but for them to be useful and reliable sources of information, they and information pertaining to them (e.g., bibliometric indicators) need to be effectively managed by the servers where they are hosted. In recent years, a number of new preprint servers have emerged. One type of preprint server is owned by publishers, while another is ownership or financial support by philanthropic organizations This paper focuses on one case of the latter type. In 2016, the Virginia, US-based, philanthropically-funded Center for Open Science (COS) launched three preprint services (engrXiv, PsyArXiv, SocArXiv) and started Open Science Framework (OSF) Preprints in 2017. The latter was used as a “template” service to attract thematically-linked communities of academics that also wished to have their own preprint servers. In June 2024, COS listed 29 preprint servers, although 14 of them have ceased publication or hosting of preprints by COS / OSF. One reason may be due to the commercialization of the COS / OSF “template” service, which charges preprint managers an annual fee based on the volume of preprints published annually. In the light of the 14 preprint servers that are no longer hosted at or by COS / OSF, this paper briefly discusses the financial sustainability and information stability of preprint servers, which mostly allow authors to publish preprints for free. Authors’ preprints are usually screened by fairly superficial screening and moderation processes, and it is not unusual to find opaquely or “silently” deleted preprints from preprint servers, including those of COS/OSF. Given that this organization is a well-funded leader of the open science movement, greater transparency is required regarding its own funding, operations, and management, as well as a more frank and an open debate regarding the ethical limitations associated with preprints.

Publicación de datos de investigación en el contexto de la comunicación científica

Introduction: Presents definitions, in light of the Open Science movement, on the practice of publishing research data. Objectives: Understand the terminological and conceptual universe, as well as its application in the context of Open Science. Methodology: Database literature review on the practice of publishing research data. Results: Scientific communication via publication of research data tends to increase and will be presented in different formats, and can be terminologically understood in different ways, however, it will always be in tune with the behavior and characteristics of each area of ​​knowledge. Conclusion: This behavior demonstrates the youthfulness of the practice and its absorption in the areas and by actors that make up the scientific communication scenario, providing opportunities for studies of areas in accordance with their information and data standards

Household science: a new occupation for women?

An educational and social movement to raise the status of housework by emphasising its scientific nature developed in Europe, North America and other countries in the period from around 1880. This has mostly escaped the attention of scholars, who have failed to see how cleaning up homes and improving domestic nutrition could have an impact on public health. This article focuses chiefly on another aspect of the household science movement: its consequences for women’s work both inside and outside homes. Notions of scientific efficiency and improved house design, together with attention to the poor working conditions of housewives had a lasting effect on the way housework was done. New housework technologies created professional opportunities for women on the fringes of the scientific/technical world.

Human movement science-informed multi-task spatio temporal graph convolutional networks for fitness action recognition and evaluation

In recent years, with the rise of health consciousness, people’s demand for fitness has steadily increased. Utilizing automated human action recognition technology to monitor users’ movements during exercise continuously would help prevent situations where incorrect movements lead to injuries while working out. Skeleton-based human action recognition methods can overcome the susceptibility of past color-based and depth-based methods to various external backgrounds and noise, becoming a more successful solution in recent years. In this study, the auto-fitness advisor system we propose not only identifies the category of the action but also assesses the quality of the action and provides suggestions. We integrate human movement science, such as the Five Primary Kinetic Chains (5PKC), which defines the primary physiological principles in human movement, to enhance the accuracy of fitness action recognition by providing a more precise relationship between the human skeleton and muscles. For assessing the quality of movements and providing suggestions, we have designed a multi-task objective function within our model. Overall, the proposed model is a multi-task model based on Spatio Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (ST-GCN), which employs the Five Primary Kinetic Chains (5PKC) as a partitioning strategy for skeletal information. In our experiments, we not only collected a certain amount of datasets in gyms to validate the performance of our model but also compared it with other current methods using existing public datasets.

Developing Cogent Strategies for the Lexical Development of Non-Dominant Languages: Empowering Linguistic have-Nots and Maximizing Linguistic Performance

We begin this paper by emphasizing the importance of language policy and language planning processes, and investigate its history in different contexts. We also draw reference to our previously published paper on the empowerment of linguistic have nots, and attempt to present and propose classificatory mechanisms of languages from the aforesaid perspective. We also then review the concepts of pedagogy, verbal intelligence, linguistic enculturation, linguistic ethnography, the Sapir Whorf hypothesis, linguistic workarounds and econolexia, and review and study patterns of lexical development among individuals in different contexts, and in different parts of the world. We interface these observations with first and second language acquisition patterns and theories as well. We then end this paper by debating and proposing various strategies for the lexical development of languages, particularly strategies for the lexical development of less dominant and future-ready languages. We do this by studying different case studies and experiences drawn from real-time studies carried out and conducted in different parts of the world, particularly experiences from developing countries, and then drawing inferences and generalizations there from. We anticipate that this would constitute an extremely important component of our globalization of science movement by boosting linguistic and economic performance of people in different cultures and different parts of the world, particularly those who lag behind or are otherwise underrepresented in science and economic development.