Science In Modern Times Research Articles

Methodical system of teaching students computer science: competence-based approach

Relevance. This study investigates the relevant issue of training specialists with knowledge and ability to apply information technologies in professional activities. The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the national programmes and regulatory documents adopted in recent years in the field of education and the importance of being capable of using and studying computer science in modern times. Purpose. The purpose of this study lies in developing a methodological system for teaching students in a competency-based approach, which would maximise the impact on the quality of education and the level of proficiency in computer science. Methodology. The following general scientific methods were used in this study: logical-historical, pedagogical observation, analysis, synthesis, systematisation and generalisation, methods of mathematical statistics, as well as the Help&Manual programme. The use of the created methodological system was carried out involving students of Nasirdin Isanov Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture, Kazakh University of Transport Communications, Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeyev in 2018-2019. Results. The result of this study is the motivation-target, content, activity-based, and evaluative-reflexive components of the methodological system highlighted by the authors, each of which is characterised quite succinctly and accessibly. The authors of this study covered the role of the course of computer science in the development of students’ skills in using the possibilities of information technology in the professional sphere, the development of instrumental competencies. Conclusions. During the study, a model of the methodological system of teaching students was created, which was based on factors, conditions, principles, and criteria of methodology, competencies, and the level of their development, forms and methods of teaching. The results obtained can be used in the methodological work of university teachers and in advanced training courses for schoolteachers.

Max Müller in History of Linguistics: Forgotten Classics or Springboard to Future? 200th Anniversary of Birth

The study is devoted to the actualization of the ideas of the great comparative scholar of the XIXth century Max Müller (1823-1900), a contemporary of A. Schleicher, who, as is traditionally believed, worked mainly in the naturalistic trend. The authors of the study show that the achievements of M. Müller were unreasonably underestimated, calling the scientist a popularizer of science. The victory of positivism in German linguistics weakened interest in the works by M. Müller: linguistics was no longer perceived as a natural science. It is noted that the positivist approach denied the “metaphysical” typology, close in spirit to M. Müller. The authors come to the conclusion that M. Müller’s ideas and methodological attitudes survived his time into the future and sound relevant in the humanities of the XXIst century, based on the anthropological understanding of linguistic phenomena. M. Müller was one of the first scholars to distinguish between philology and linguistics, he boldly extrapolated the attitudes of comparative studies to other areas of humanitarian knowledge - mythology, religion, innovatively applied a socio-cultural approach to the analysis of language features and the study of archaic texts. The study compares M. Müller’s ideas with traditional historical observations of national comparativist- and-historical observations of Russian comparativists - F.I. Buslaev and I.I. Sreznevsky. It is emphasized that his works reveal the connection of philosophy with private sciences: linguistics, theology, cultural history. In this sense, “The Science of Language” can be regarded as an original experience of creating philological hermeneutics. It is stated that M. Müller studied the historical space of language from the point of view relevant to the modern science of comparative semasiology. The refraction of his ideas is observed in the works of modern scientists - typologists, comparativists, conceptologists: V.A. Dybo, V.V. Ivanov, V.N. Toporov, Yu.S. Stepanov. Once again, the naturalistic approach is reaching a new level of development in the XXIst century, and the comparative method - the main research tool of M. Müller and other scientists of the Schleicher era - is being actualized not only in linguistics, but also in philology, history of religion and ethnology. The dialectical approach to typological linguistics applied by M. Müller, remains in demand by the science of modern times.

CAHAYA AL-QUR’AN UNTUK MANUSIA MODERN

The Prophet had locked the position of the Al-Quran by saying that the Al-Quran is shalihun likulli Zaman wa eat. Then why is it that religious and human life today, especially in Muslim society, seems to be kept away from those things that are miraculous?. Humans are the best creatures created by God. Humans in the editorial verses of the Koran have several terms, such as al nas, al ins, al insan, and Bani Adam. From these terms some of the meanings can be revealed which provide information about the origin of human creation and its behavior. Human existence in general acts as a servant of Allah (Abd.Allah) and as a protector or prosperous on the surface of the earth (khalifah Allah). The modern era is marked by various discoveries in the scientific field. The development of science in modern times has actually been pioneered since the Renaissance era. The beginning of a new era was marked by Descartes' great effort to give philosophy a new structure. Philosophy developed not during the Renaissance, but later in the later era (Modern Age). Examining and understanding the holy Quran, which is shalihun likulli Zaman wa Makan, is a term coined 14 centuries ago, meaning that it contains a deep message that the Quran will always be in accordance with the conditions of the era and place.

Sejarah Peradaban Islam Sebagai Ilmu Pengetahuan

The purpose of this writer is to know the history of Islamic civilization as a science. This writer uses library research (library research). History prioritizes the orientation of understanding or interpretation of historical facts. The findings from this study are that in the development of science in modern times, science is becoming more interconnected with one another. This is referred to as the integration of the interconnection of science in Islam, where the Qur'an is the center of integration, and then the Hadith.

"SCIENCE DISSEMINATION AS A POTENTIAL FORM OF PUBLIC RELATIONS "

This study is about science dissemination in its possible posture as a very specific Public Relations activity. We draw a brief historical perspective about the evolution of science from an isolated activity developed within small communities during the past historical times to the present. The study underlines the condition of science in modern times and especially its very pregnant visibility at the public sphere. The reasons and the causes for this situation are also described and discussed. The second part of the study is focused on the possibilities of science dissemination to become and to sustain a very particular type of PR activity for those agents who disseminate science to the level of the masses and on the public sphere in general. Some specific PR activities which are or could be involved in the activity of disseminating science are been also analyzed in this context. In the end the study, the specific condition of science in the age of mass communication is highlighted. This condition involves the concept of adaptability for any specific human activity to the demands of historical times in particular terms and conditions, and the fact that the present condition of science at the level of public sphere could be something temporary is stressed out.

METAPHYSICS OF METHODOLOGICAL CREATIVES OF THE MIDDLE AGES

The work reveals the problem of the existence of God as determining all directions of thought of medieval philosophers. However, the proposed methodological creatives are relatively autonomous and self-valued. They preserved the spirit of critical rationalism, generated by the philosophy of Antiquity. These creatives turned out to be in demand both in philosophy and in the science of modern times.

Институционализация академической гуманитарной науки в Башкортостане в ХХ – начале XXI в.: этапы, участники, результаты (к 100-летию ордена «Знак Почета» Института истории, языка и литературы Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра РАН)

Introduction. At present, the history of domestic academic science and its individual institutions is of interest to many researchers, which is primarily due to the need to create relevant knowledge in Russia that meets modern challenges. Attempts to find (on the basis of experiences of the country’s scientific past) more suitable options for the development of fundamental science are quite understandable. Goals. The article aims to analyze the institutionalization of knowledge production in Bashkortostan and scientific activities of the Institute of History, Language and Literature (Ufa Federal Research Center of the RAS) over a century of its development in the framework of understanding the formation of Republic’s academic science and its main scientific results. Materials and methods. In addition to the available specialized literature, the work also relies on a variety of sources, such as legislative acts, records management documents, memoirs, etc. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of primary sources to obtain generalized information on the history of the creation and development of a unique academic institution in one of the key regions of Russia which rightfully became a stronghold in the shaping of a unified scientific school of Bashkir studies. Results. The formation of national humanitarian thought in Bashkortostan has become a natural process of development of domestic and world science in modern times. The era of the scientific and technological revolution, widespread intensification of political and ideological competition, including that on the world ‘Olympus’ of knowledge, required the organization of a network of scientific institutions in ethnic regions of the country. Soviet leaders clearly understood the role of the humanities in spiritual and political enlightenment and education of the people — to invest heavily in their development. The state support gave rise to the 1922 establishment of the Academic Center under the People’s Commissariat for Public Education of the Bashkir ASSR that would later become — after a series of reorganizations — an authoritative comprehensive scientific institution. Its development was influenced by interconnected doctrinal, regional, all-Union / all-Russian modernization factors, as well as a system of interpersonal and intergenerational relations in the community of the Bashkir academic humanitarian intelligentsia. Conclusions. The history of the institutionalization of Bashkortostan’s professional humanities contributes to the understanding of dialectics, theoretical, methodological and ideological aspects of the development of scientific knowledge in Russia at large, the role and significance of efforts of outstanding scientists in the spiritual life, scientific and sociocultural development of society.

Neki aspekti krize univerzitetskog obrazovanja, potreba demarginalizacije društveno-humanističkih nauka i obnova uloge intelektualca danas

The paper compares some aspects of the crisis of education and science in modern times, with special reference to the reform called the "Bologna Process". The author points out negative tendencies of excessive partialization of the higher education system, in the form of disciplinary chaos and marginalization of humanities and social sciences, instead of its integration in the era of globalization. Criticizing the emergence of "distorted modernization" and instrumental rationality in modern civilization, the author presents his commitment for the demarginalization of humanities and social sciences, and the reaffirmation of the vocation of the intellectual. In this context, the author supports the emergence of a new journal "Social Horizons" in our country, expecting that it will grow into a strong theoretical body for renewing critical thinking and developing civic consciousness in the service of strengthening participatory democracy, sustainable development and progress of the Serbian society.

Что такое научный прогресс?

The article examines the understanding of scientific progress by scientists and representatives of the philosophy of science, in particular, W. Whewell, E. Mach, M. Weber, logical positivism. It is noted that until the middle of the twentieth century, scientists and philosophers were convinced that science is constantly progressing, developing more and more complete and accurate knowledge of the world. Only in the second half of the twentieth century K. Popper and T. Kuhn questioned this belief, proposing their conceptions of the development of sci­ence. However, the belief in the progressive nature of the development of sci­ence received a new justification in a three layer model of the structure of sci­ence, which added an engineering level to the theoretical and empirical levels. By the end of the twentieth century it was realized that the experimental science of modern times initially saw its main task in the improvement of technology, the search for truth was 0nly a means of solving its main social task. In the sec­ond half of the twentieth century technoscience has fulfilled its historical mission, creating a technical basis for the formation of a consumer society. Ap­parently, its development is over. In place of science, occupied with the improve­ment of technology, there are sciences, the subject of which is man and his im­provement.

Electrospun Ag-Doped SnO2 Hollow Nanofibers with High Antibacterial Activity

With the continuous improvement in medical science in modern times, the spread of bacterial infection has become a matter of global concern. Therefore, the search for biological medical materials with antibacterial function has become a focus of intense research. In this work, pure SnO2 and Ag-doped SnO2 hollow nanofibers were fabricated by a combination of an electrospinning method and a calcination procedure, and the effects of the doped Ag on antibacterial activity and catalytic antibacterial activity were subsequently investigated. Through the process of high-temperature calcination, a high heating rate would lead to the formation of a hollow tubular structure in SnO2 fibers, and Ag2O would be reduced to Ag0 by a facile process with appropriate thermal treatment. Additionally, the existence of SnO2 as a tetragonal rutile structure was confirmed. On the basis of pure SnO2, doping with Ag greatly improved the antibacterial activity and catalytic antibacterial activity of hollow nanofibers. The formation mechanism and the antibacterial mechanism of pure SnO2 and Ag-doped hollow nanofibers are also discussed. This study has broad application prospects for biological medicine.

Migration Model of Science and Education Management in the ‘Archive Philosophy’ of M.K. Petrov

Purpose: The article deals with the features of science and education in the context of the management system, presenting not a traditional management system, but the innovative idea of a migration management model. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on the archive philosophy of M.K. Petrov. Under the conditions of ‘big science’, its creative potential focusing on innovations in the field of practical applications and in the education system, assigns its generation feature to cybernetic management models. Findings: Authors presents a model of education, facing the issue of management science and education in modern conditions. It analyses the concepts of the ‘science of science’ and ‘society scientification’ in the conditions of the modern ‘big science’. Practical Implications: The results gives the view on shaping the institute of science in modern times and could be used in managing science and education at all levels. Originality/Value: The study has a unique viewpoint on the framework of science and education, addrssing the very nature of these sociocultural phenomena .

Research culture the sociologist in terms of interdisciplinary development sciences

The article focuses on the responsibility of the researcher in the study. From the side of philosophy and sociology of science have often found the attention to the culture of research and the communal culture of the scientist. However, consideration has become a particular area of learning. It has established its own specific research culture. This specificity depends on many circumstances. These include, for example, include the scientist, his belonging to a scientific school or scientific staff, etc. The culture of research has become an integral part of scientific activity, and its level was influenced by the heuristic, the results of scientific research. As you know, the consistent development of science in modern times have discovered a definite trend towards interdisciplinary interaction of knowledge from different subject areas. A special place in the cooperation of Sciences is sociology. In the article the features of formation and strengthen the culture of research activities of the sociologist in terms of such interdisciplinary interaction. Determined by objective and subjective factors influencing the progress of research within sociological knowledge, developing in the context of interdisciplinarity. Attention to the analysis of methodical competence of a sociologist.

Xunzi and Naturalistic Ethics

The ascendency of science in modern times makes it commonplace to accept that science presents the only true and correct image of reality. This has led to naturalization attempts in various domains, from epistemology, metaphysics, to philosophy of mind, and ethics. Naturalistic ethics may mean different things depending on what we consider natural. David Copp equates it with the empirical – emphasizing the relevance of empirical evidence to justification – while admitting that what is empirical is itself problematic. One might count as empirical that which can be observed by our physical senses, or more narrowly that which can be studied by the natural sciences. Modern scientific naturalism limits the natural to what can be successfully explained by science but a more liberal naturalism may define as natural whatever does not contradict the laws of nature without necessarily being accountable by science. Naturalistic ethics that accept modern scientific naturalism differ according to how broadly each conceives the scope of science, for example, whether it is equated with physics, or admits of other natural sciences without reducing them to physics, or even more broadly, includes human sciences understood as methodologically and ontologically irreducible to the natural sciences. Ethical naturalism has both metaphysical and epistemological stakes: 1) ethics is only possible if grounded in natural facts, since claims about the supernatural are false or empty given that only the natural has a place in reality; 2) ethical knowledge is acquired in ways similar to other knowledge, through scientific/empirical methods of inquiry that acknowledge the relevance of facts as evidence in human reasoning – mystical intuitions and divine revelations, for

RELASI ANTARA FIQH DAN SAINS DI ERA MODERN: SEBUAH REFLEKSI EPISTEMOLOGIS

Ibrahim Moosa in an article (2003) has stated that relationsbetween islamic law and science in classical era arguably quite strongand harmonious. But in the modern era, relations between both ofthem is getting away and no longer eviden). However, its seems thatMoosa assessment have to be reviewed. Because, in this modern erarelations between islamic law and science showing its integrated andinterconnectivited. Development of the modern astronomy, for example,showing a very strong epistemic coherence between islamic law andscience, because it runs in tandem with the development of science andtechnology that is so rapid and fast. This paper present to photographand mapping the relations between islamic law and science in moderntimes coherenly, though probably not be called complete. Mapping relationbetween islamic law and science will be based on regular epistemologicalislamic law toward science itself.

O modelo de Karl Popper sob a ótica das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas

Karl Popper é o principal filósofo da ciência na modernidade, disputando com Thomas Kuhn a primazia de interpretação do método científico. Claramente há diferentes visões para uma leitura desse importante autor que cunhou o método chamado de dedutivo com teste. O texto reconhece a relevância da visão de Karl Popperno desenvolvimento de trabalhos científicos das ciências exatas e biológicas, onde é amplamente aceita. No entanto, nota-se que essa formulação é pouco sistematizada na área das ciências sociais aplicadas. Este é um ensaio que busca resgatar a sua contribuição, numa tentativa de traduzir os conceitos por ele desenvolvidos de forma didática. Para tanto, será feita uma introdução aos fundamentos da ciência como forma específica de conhecimento, buscando contrastar os métodos dedutivo e indutivo e os procedimentos da ciência formal, básica e aplicada. Uma tentativa de classificar a formulação de proposições a serem testadas ou falseadas é feita com a utilização de diferentes critérios, utilizando exemplos da administração e da economia para ilustração.

Public Understanding and Participation of Earthquake Science in Modern Times

Public Understanding and Participation of Earthquake Science in Modern Times

Information Technologies for Biology Education: Computerized Electrophysiology of Plant Cells

Biology has moved from a bench-based discipline to a bioinformational science in modern times but application of computational and analytical methods of informatics in it is still a problem for many researchers and students of biology. We suggest to integrate cost effective and practical combination of the real and the virtual laboratories into the undergraduate biological science curriculum. This laboratory work illustrates passive and active electrical properties of plant cell membranes while introducing basic principles of electrophysiological recording, data acquisition and analysis. As the object for investigation in this laboratory work large cells of starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa) were used. The simple program for experiment control and express visualization of recorded data was developed. Experiment proposed in this paper is easy implemented with a minimum of laboratory equipment, materials and gives an experience of computerized biological experiment.

Dating in Deep Water

OCEAN SCIENCE In modern times, deep ocean circulation has been governed by roughly equal fluxes of deep water formed in the North Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. However, in the warmer climate of the early Cenozoic era, ∼55 million years ago (Ma), the Southern Ocean was the

L'astrométéorologie : influence et évolution en France

Abstract During the French Renaissance, the climate expressed the mysteries of Nature and God's Will. Though heralded by numerous emotion-ridden forewarnings, its manifestations were omnipresent and unpredictable enough to require some meteorological knowledge to aprehend God's message. The science of atmosphere was consulted whenever the balance of collective systèmes of representations was upset, which made it necessary for astrologists to investigate this field, and thereby gain control over the weather forecast as well as the interpretation of climatic events, leaving to Aristotle's heirs the responsibility to describe and explain the movements of atmosphere. Thus, Astrometeorology, generating concepts as well as cultural practice - as can be unmistakably noticed throughout its literature - may be considered as one of the major aspects of 16th century meteorological thought. From ambitious treaties to mere day books, the texts all bear witness to its influence and evolution. As a matter of fact, far from being a set heritage, it gives birth to a representation pattern of climatic phenomena. This fully contributes to the new desire to discover the secrets of the world and follows the main disruptions affecting the idea of Nature. This study develops and original aspect of knowledge aquisition, which throws light on the history of progressive rationalisation of science in modern times as well as on the 16th century culture and sensibility.

On Methodological Problems of the Social Sciences

It is common knowledge that problems of method have been exceptionally important in the history of science in modern times. Furthermore, their treatment with respect to the specifics of historical and social cognition has been intimately interwoven with interpretation of the fundamental questions of philosophy.