Scientific Community Research Articles

The needs to foment values in professional nursing technical training

Introduction: the nursing professional expresses in his performance the essence of the social value of health in his functions of comprehensive care.Objective: to argue the behavior of ethical values ​​in nursing education at a technical level. Methods: the synthesis analysis method was used to understand the phenomena present in the study of the process of formation in values The induction and deduction was used to move from the particular knowledge to the general one. Development: from the data collected was obtained regularities and conclusions was issued. Values ​​concepts expressed by different authors are expressed and as from 1960 the scientific community began to alert and address those problems that affect the interests of the community. Nursing career curricula are designed from a perfect approach from the ethical and humanistic concept. The values ​​contained in the current curriculum maya and those that the author's criteria should be incorporated are expressed and from the documentary analysis to the curriculum of the nursing training and the accumulated experiences, in the context of Medical Education, the lack of values ​​required by this type of health technician was identified. It is argued.Conclusion: the need to incorporate the values ​​of fellowship and communication in the integral formation of the curriculum of the nursing students, for which, preparation and methodological work is required, starting from the design an educational strategy with the faculty of this training

Mapping sustainable development goals to citizen science projects–a comparative evaluation of automatic classifiers

AbstractTraditional data sources provide insufficient knowledge for measuring the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Data related to SDGs are sourced primarily from global databases maintained by international organizations, national statistical offices and other government agencies. Recent studies show the value of using data from Citizen Science (CS) for assessing the SDGs. There is an important online presence of CS programs, professional networks for CS and online communities of citizen scientists, leading to the generation of several CS platforms. In this context, the role of computational data science is key. This paper explores and exemplifies opportunities for combining web-data mining techniques and automatic classifiers to enhance the understanding of the inter-relation between CS and the SDGs. An analysis of different automatic classifiers is presented by comparing the results obtained from their application in a sample of 208 CS project descriptions. The results of this study indicate the benefits and limitations of these techniques (nCoder, ESA, OSDG and BERT), but also provides a discussion of the potential benefits of using data from CS projects to map the 17 SDGs.

Qlobal Ekololoji Reallıq: İqlim Dəyişiklikləri Sosietal Problem Kimi

In the presented article, studying climate changes as one of the global problems that concern the countries of the world, as well as the impact of anthropogenic factors on the living world, preventing the consequences they cause to the environment, taking measures on a global scale in order to minimize these effects, and cooperating in this direction is one of the main priority issues in the modern era. as mentioned. It is noted that there are conflicting views on the approach to the problem. The scientific community investigating the topic of climate change is divided into two fronts. The first front is based on the fact that climate change is an empty claim made by a group of stakeholders, especially developed countries, to prevent the speed of progress in developing countries. The second front, which includes well-known environmental scientists of the world, tries to explain with its scientific reasoning and research that climate change is the most serious problem facing humanity. In the article, the causes of climate change, its social consequences, and the ways to eliminate the problem are analyzed. Here, the mentioned problem is approached with the method of historical comparison and double comparison, and the necessity of global cooperation in solving the problem is emphasized. Today, the leading countries responsible for the fate of the world must be sincere in their efforts to eliminate the factors that cause climate change, think in one way, speak in one way, and act in one way. Imitation of action will not allow to achieve the declared goals, it can lead the world to irreversible disasters. More effective educational measures should be taken for the ecological education, morality, and culture of the human race. It is an imperative to form an international organization that is responsible for the fate of the world, formed on representative bases, based on the principle of objective, honest, social justice, guided by international law, and has the practical imperative power of the decisions it will make. Protection of the world house is possible with the joint effort of every inhabitant of this house.

Yuri Borko – a Founder of European Integration Studies in Russia

Regional integration studies constitute a relatively young area of academic knowledge since regional integration emerged as a new phenomenon in international relations after the Second World War. Professor Yuri Antonovich Borko who is turning 95 in February 2024, is an influential scholar and one of the founders of the Soviet and Russian school of European studies. This article aims to reveal his role in gaining and disseminating of new knowledge about regional integration processes. To do this, the author first traces the main milestones of Professor Borko’s academic path. Then the most important contributions to the literature (based on the criteria of novelty, valuable insight and confirmed forecasts) are pointed out in their interconnection with the international academic advance in the relevant areas of research. Finally, the key achievements of professor Borko in spreading knowledge, graduate and postgraduate teaching are assessed, shedding light on the innovative educational methods employed and illustrating his distinct personality profile. The findings suggest that the most valuable results of professor’s Borko research relate to the areas of the EU social policy, the evolution of the European idea, the interrelation between deepening and widening in the integration process. His reasoning about universal and specific features of the EU experience proves seminal for the national research community. A number of publishing projects and networking activities within the Association of European Studies initiated by professor Borko notably facilitated the establishment of research schools in international relations in Russian regions.

Genetic Engineering in Insect Management: New Frontiers in Pest Control

Genetic engineering is transforming the landscape of pest management, offering innovative solutions to longstanding challenges in agriculture and public health. Traditional methods, such as chemical pesticides, have led to significant ecological harm and widespread resistance among pests, necessitating new strategies for sustainable control. Advanced technologies, including CRISPR-Cas9, RNA interference (RNAi), and gene drives, have emerged as powerful tools to precisely target pest species while minimizing off-target effects. CRISPR enables precise genome editing, offering ways to suppress populations of disease vectors like Anopheles gambiae, which transmits malaria, while RNAi provides species-specific pest control by silencing essential genes. Gene drives can propagate beneficial traits through populations to curb the spread of vector-borne diseases. Technical challenges like off-target mutations, resistance development, and delivery barriers for RNAi remain significant hurdles. Integrating these genetic tools with traditional Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches could enhance sustainability by reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and promoting ecological balance. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in pest control also raises ethical and ecological concerns, particularly regarding the release of gene drive organisms that could irreversibly alter ecosystems. Addressing these challenges requires robust regulatory frameworks, international collaboration, and effective public engagement to foster trust. Public skepticism, often fueled by misinformation, poses a barrier to acceptance, highlighting the need for transparent communication and community involvement. Field trials, such as the release of genetically modified Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Brazil and Florida, have shown promising results in reducing disease transmission, yet scaling up these efforts requires significant investment and regulatory clarity. Future research priorities include refining gene-editing precision, developing self-limiting gene drives, and enhancing RNAi delivery systems. By advancing interdisciplinary research and fostering global cooperation, the scientific community can harness genetic technologies to create more sustainable and effective pest control solutions, ultimately securing food systems and public health while mitigating environmental impact.

Our journey with Prof. Gabriel Popescu in quantitative phase imaging: in memoriam

Prof. Gabriel “Gabi” Popescu was a faculty member and the director of the Quantitative Light Imaging (QLI) Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was a pioneer in quantitative phase imaging (QPI), having developed several common-path QPI methods at MIT and Illinois, and promoted the applications of QPI across different domains. Tragically, Prof. Popescu passed away on June 16, 2022, in Prundu, Romania. His untimely loss is deeply felt by the scientific community and his colleagues, students, and friends around the world. As former members of his group and close friends, we recount our academic journeys with Gabi in QPI from different perspectives.

Ring opening of epoxides: a facile approach towards the synthesis of polyketides and related stereoenriched natural products: a review.

Epoxides are significant heterocycles in the structural makeup of a variety of natural products. Their ring-opening reactions have emerged as a versatile and efficient strategies for synthesizing a variety of functionalized molecules. Such reactions have been extensively applied towards the preparation of complex naturally occurring products. The focus on epoxide ring-opening reactions within the scientific community has been increased, influenced by the goal to understand the synthesis of compounds that are important for their biological and structural significance. In this article, we have provided a concise account on the applications of epoxide's ring cleavage towards the syntheses of polyketides and related naturally occurring compounds, documented since last decade (2014-2023).

Modelling Concept Drift in Dynamic Data Streams for Recommender Systems

Recommendation systems play a crucial role in modern e-commerce and streaming services. However, the limited availability of public datasets hampers the rapid development of more efficient and accurate recommendation algorithms within the research community. This work introduces a stream-based data generator designed to generate user preferences for a set of items while accommodating progressive changes in user preferences. The underlying principle involves using user/item embeddings to derive preferences by exploring the proximity of these embeddings. Whether randomly generated or learned from a real finite data stream, these embeddings serve as the basis for generating new preferences. We investigate how this fundamental model can adapt to shifts in user behavior over time; in our framework, changes correspond to alterations in the structure of the tripartite graph, reflecting modifications in the underlying embeddings. Through an analysis of real-life data streams, we demonstrate that the proposed model is effective in capturing actual preferences and the changes that they can exhibit over time. Thus, we characterize these changes and develop a generalized method capable of simulating realistic data, thereby generating streams with similar yet controllable drift dynamics.

Comprehensive scoping review of palliative care development in Africa: recent advances and persistent gaps

Worldwide 56·8 million people need palliative care (PC), and Africa shows the highest demand. This study updates the 2017 review of African PC development, using a scoping review methodology based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The review was conducted across PUBMED, CINAHL, Embase, government websites, and the African PC Association Atlas, from 2017 to 2023, charting its progress using the new WHO framework for PC Development, which, in addition to Services, Education, Medicines, and Policies, two new dimensions were incorporated: Research and Empowerment of people and Communities. Of the 4.420 records, 118 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed increased adult specialised services (n = 675), and 15 of 54 countries have paediatric services. Nonetheless, the ratio of services per population mostly remains under 0,10 per 100.000 inhabitants. PC education was included in undergraduate curricula in 29 countries; despite the rise in morphine availability (28 countries), median consumption remains under 3 mg/per capita/year, and 14 countries presented stand-alone policies. Publications on PC development increased, and 26 countries have National PC Associations. Notwithstanding progress since 2017, significant hurdles remain, highlighting the need for ongoing research and policy development to ensure equitable access to palliative care in Africa.

Neuroreceptor Mapping in 2024.

Neuroreceptor mapping provides insights into neurotransmitter changes and receptor dynamics that improve the understanding of brain functions. This Viewpoint highlights the advancements in the development of novel radiotracers (imaging tools) and quantification of receptor dynamics based on presentations from the XIV International Symposium on Functional Neuroreceptor Mapping (NRM) of the Living Brain, 2024. The Viewpoint also emphasizes the applications of neuroreceptor mapping in clinical research and the latest technologies for imaging the brain with positron emission tomography (PET). The goal of the Viewpoint is to highlight an important community of researchers within the field of chemical neuroscience.

Abstract PR005: Helping academic investigators develop small molecules for the clinic: The NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program and Stepping-Stones

Abstract Academic researchers working in small molecule drug discovery and development face unique challenges – key among these include limited access to the full range of resources needed, inadequate funding which does not cover costs for routine/iterative product development tasks, and unavailability of expertise for the full range of regulatory critical path steps required for an IND. For academic institutions which lack deep resources, specialized core facilities, or endowments, these challenges are even more dire. In recognition of these realities, the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) expanded its capability through creation of the Stepping-Stones program, which provides resources to academic-based researchers who are working towards advancing their small molecule therapeutic candidates from ‘bench to bedside’. Through the Stepping-Stones program, NCI grant-supported small molecule therapeutics focused projects demonstrating high productivity are eligible to obtain access to NCI/DTP drug development capabilities and resources to fill in ‘gaps’ for specific activities that are not covered through their existing funding, but which are necessary to facilitate advancement along the critical path. Examples of services provided have included molecular profiling for ADME/DMPK studies, screens for secondary pharmacology and in vitro safety, synthesis optimization and chemical synthesis, and formulation development, to name a few. By filling in such discrete ‘gaps’, project teams can ‘de-risk’ a candidate earlier and develop stronger data packages to better position themselves for attracting additional investment for development toward clinical testing, or as the data warrants pursue an earlier re-direction of effort before going too far down the critical path. An overview of Stepping-Stones including details for how to be considered for this program and its interactions with other programs at NCI that support drug discovery and development is described, in addition to an overview of DTP’s discovery and development services which usher R&D programs from discovery through preclinical development and IND-enabling studies to support first-in-human trials. From this presentation, academic based ‘drug hunters’ will obtain knowledge about the Stepping-Stones program as a support mechanism to enable their continued efforts and gain an improved understanding about the ‘ecosystem’ of drug discovery and development programs offered by the NCI for the extramural community of researchers. Citation Format: Sharad Verma, Morgan O' Hayre, Rose Aurigemma. Helping academic investigators develop small molecules for the clinic: The NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program and Stepping-Stones [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Optimizing Therapeutic Efficacy and Tolerability through Cancer Chemistry; 2024 Dec 9-11; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(12_Suppl):Abstract nr PR005

Indian perspective on childhood malnutrition: Prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention.

Childhood malnutrition contributes over half of the childhood mortality around the world, predominantly in South-Asian and sub-Saharan countries. To summarize the childhood malnutrition epidemiology along with the comorbid factors associated with it and its management within the community. The data collection process involved conducting a comprehensive search using specific keywords such as child nutrition disorders and India with Boolean operators. The search was conducted in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases. Inadequate energy consumption initiates pathological alterations in the form of growth retardation, fat, visceral, and muscle loss, a reduction in basal metabolic rate, and a significant reduction in total energy expenditure. It has become evident that malnutrition shows an increased prevalence and incidence rate, despite available guidelines for the management of malnutrition. Malnutrition can be a major player in the establishment of severe infections that result in significant post discharge mortalities in children. Future trials are required to fill the prime gaps in knowledge regarding the identification of other contributory factors in the pathogenesis of malnutrition and post-discharge infection. New biomarkers for early detection of malnutrition should be the priority of the scientific community for the early management of malnutrition.

Bibliometric Analysis of Remote Working: 20-year Literature Review

Remote Working has gained exponential popularity across the world, especially after COVID-19. Despite carrying important implications for individual and organizational functioning and the growing interest of the scientific community over the years, very few retrospective studies have been made to synthesize and understand the intellectual narrative of this field. This study delves into the dynamic landscape of remote working literature through bibliometric analysis. Utilizing the SCOPUS database, we examined 745 articles published in reputed journals in management, psychology, and social sciences from 2001 to 2023. The study followed descriptive analysis and science mapping techniques to uncover valuable insights for scholars by identifying the most seminal contributions and collaborative networks. The analysis revealed that effectiveness, work-life balance, adoption factors, and challenges associated with RW are the major themes within the research. These findings collectively contribute to RW’s holistic development and help develop a structural map of RW literature. Future research directions in the fields of academics and HRD are suggested.

What immunology has to say about pesticide safety

The use of pesticides has enabled the development of contemporary industrial agriculture and significantly increased crop yields. However, they are also considered a source of environmental pollution and a potential hazard to human health. Despite national agencies and the scientific community analyzing pesticide safety, immunotoxicity assays are often not required, poorly designed, or underestimated. Epidemiological evidence indicates that pesticide exposure increases the risk of developing cancer. Therefore, pesticides may not only act as carcinogens per se but also as immunosuppressive agents that create a permissive context for tumor development. Given recent evidence demonstrating the critical role of the immune response in cancer progression, we will highlight the necessity of assessing the potential impacts of pesticides on the immune response, particularly on tumor immunosurveillance. In this Perspective article, we will focus on the need to critically review fundamental aspects of toxicological studies conducted on pesticides to provide a clearer understanding of the risks associated with exposure to these compounds to human health.

Effect of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine and berry physiology, pedology and the soil microbiome

The increasing interest in organic and biodynamic wine production is driven by a desire for sustainability and reduced reliance on synthetic inputs. As of 2021, organic viticulture accounted for 6.4 % of the global vineyard surface, with biodynamic practices gaining traction, particularly among high-end wineries seeking to differentiate their products through unique, environmentally conscious cultivation methods. Biodynamic viticulture, while rooted in organic principles, incorporates specific biodynamic preparations (notably preparations 500 and 501), with proponents asserting benefits such as enhanced soil vitality, vine resilience, and superior wine quality. However, the scientific community remains divided on whether biodynamic methods offer substantial advantages over organic practices alone. Previous studies (Döring et al., 2019; Rienth et al., 2023) have shown minimal differences between the two in terms of vine performance and berry quality. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine physiology, berry quality, and soil properties in a Swiss vineyard.

Call Rewinding: Efficient Backward Edge Protection

The prevalence of memory-unsafe software prompts significant efforts by the research community to mitigate memory corruption bugs. This endeavor is crucial for safeguarding critical systems against security threats. Specifically, there is a focus to protect against code-reuse attacks through enforcing control-flow integrity (CFI). This paper introduces call rewinding, a novel microarchitecture-level mechanism for protection of return addresses. It is based on a property of the calling convention that is common to major architectures such as x86, ARM and RISC-V, which states that all return instructions transfer control to a valid call site. Call rewinding consists of jumping to the instruction preceding the return target for each return instruction and checking if the instruction at this address is a call or not. On systems equipped with return address prediction, a commonly employed optimization, the security check is performed only on mispredicted return addresses. The proposed protection mechanism demonstrates negligible impact on both area and performance. We implement call rewinding on the CV64A6, a RISC-V CPU with consequent branch prediction support. Our evaluation validates the effectiveness of call rewinding, both in bare-metal and in a Linux operating system (OS) environment. It triggers no false positives in bare-metal and is functional with the OS extended with a custom exception handler. Furthermore, our findings indicate that call rewinding successfully detects unauthorized return addresses, highlighting its potential as a reliable and efficient security mechanism.

Public Opinion about European Researchers’ Night on Climate Change and Polar Science in Türkiye

The European Researchers' Night is an annual event held across Europe on the last Friday of September, with the primary goal of promoting public recognition of scientists, disseminating information about the real-world impact of their research, inspiring young people to pursue careers in science, and raising awareness about research and innovation activities. In 2022, European Researcher’s Night focused on climate change and polar science in Istanbul and Gaziantep provinces. The central aim was to enhance public awareness of polar regions and global climate change, as well as to facilitate the acknowledgment of researchers and their work by the general public. This study examined the opinions of participants who attended these events, including 221 primary school students, 687 secondary school students, 525 high school students, and 319 adults. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, participant opinions were collected through both quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews conducted concurrently during the events. The results revealed overwhelmingly positive feedback from all participants regarding the events, with unanimous support for the continuation of such engaging public outreach initiatives. In conclusion, these events serve as effective channels for communicating scientific research with the public and underscore the importance of research extending beyond the confines of research communities.

Implementing FAIR data principles in the IPCC seventh assessment cycle: Lessons learned and future prospects

Every five to seven years, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) convenes the climate science community to assess the latest knowledge on climate change relevant to policy-makers. This generally takes the form of Assessment Reports (AR) covering the scientific basis of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. With each cycle, these reports have grown in scope, length, number of referenced papers, and underpinning datasets. During the sixth assessment cycle, a large-scale collective effort went into archiving digital products assessed and generated through the IPCC process. The main objectives driving this initiative are making IPCC’s work more transparent, improving the reproducibility and reusability of the assessment outcomes, better utilization of the services of the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (DDC), and, more generally, compliance with best practices in open science. This paper expands on the motivations for the curation and preservation of digital objects in the IPCC. It gives an overview of how FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and open data principles have been implemented in practice and explores some of the successes and setbacks of the AR6 experience. It concludes with recommendations for consolidation and expansion of the approach for AR7. These include a tighter integration of digital curation activities in the IPCC timeline and workflows, better support of IPCC authors and contributors through early training and use of suitable software, improved standardization and harmonization of data and software handling across Working Groups (WGs), and close collaboration with key external data providers and research organizations.

Is it a method or approach? A systematic review of communicative language teaching in Japan

ABSTRACT In many FL contexts, pressure to adopt Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has surged. In Japan, CLT is gradually being implemented by teachers and schools following the Ministry of Education’s efforts to improve Japanese learners’ communication skills. This systematic review article has two primary goals: to understand how the Japanese research community define and conceptualize CLT in the context of the ongoing policy shift, and to evaluate the effectiveness of classroom-based CLT research on Japanese learners’ language development. Analysis reveals significant inconsistencies in how CLT is defined and conceptualized, often conflating it with a method of training speaking proficiency. This framing of CLT as a method primarily for speaking is argued to stem from misinterpretations of domestic macro-level policies and CLT’s positioning in duality with traditional methods which inaccurately shoehorn it into the same categorical container of a method rather than approach. Moreover, while classroom-based research in Japan offers some empirical evidence that CLT has language learning benefits, there are insufficient studies which show how CLT can be effectively adapted in contextually appropriate ways, which is partly due to methodological issues and a lack of robust testing instruments. The paper concludes by offering suggestions for future research.

Between Innovation and Standardization: Best Practices and Inclusive Guidelines in Computational Communication Science

Computational communication science is transitioning from an emerging to an established field within communication research, creating a need for proper guidelines and methodological standards. This forum gathers experienced computational communication science scholars to debate the merits and drawbacks of standardization and discuss the tension between innovation, rigor, and inclusion. The assembled perspectives review current standards for data collection, sharing, and documentation, offering best practices for future research. They argue that high standards and inclusive practices can coexist, enhancing creativity and accessibility. By adopting inclusive guidelines, the computational communication science community can welcome diverse scholars, foster innovation, and advance the field collectively.