SciELO Research Articles

TRATAMENTO COM METILFENIDATO E LISDEXANFETAMINA EM ADULTOS COM TDAH: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that, although frequently diagnosed in childhood, can persist into adulthood. ADHD has negative impacts on the quality of life and functioning of daily activities of individuals with this pathology. Treatment aims to improve the clinical and social condition and pharmacological treatment associated with non-pharmacological measures is recommended. Among pharmacotherapy, psychostimulants are the most recommended, with the first and second drugs being methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) or lisdexamfetamine (Venvanse), respectively. However, these medications can have different effects, especially when consumed in the long term. Methodology: Articles published in journals indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine/NLM (MEDLINE), UpToDate and National Library of Medicine/NLM (PUBMED) databases and websites recognized worldwide in the period 2014 were evaluated. to 2024. Results: After completing the data collection phase, 47 relevant articles were identified to compose the analysis of the proposed topic. Discussion: Based on the articles cited, it was observed that psychostimulants have good efficacy in treating ADHD, however, few studies have evaluated their long-term effects and with a significant number of study participants. Conclusion: Adults with ADHD should receive adequate treatment, aiming for a better quality of life and both methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine are good therapeutic options, proving to be relatively effective and safe.

AS COMPLICAÇÕES FUTURAS DO USO INDISCRIMINADO DO LEVONORGESTREL

Introduction: The indiscriminate use of levonorgestrel, an emergency contraceptive, can entail significant risks. Although it is effective in preventing pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse. Objective: To highlight the risks of frequent use and the side effects of emergency contraception. Methodology: This is a descriptive research, the method used aims to systematically summarize the results achieved in studies on a specific subject or issue. Through a bibliographic survey, based on the consultation and analysis of digital sources: Google Academy, Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação, Brazilian Journal of Development and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Justification: The emergency contraceptive “levonorgestrel” can result in unplanned pregnancy, as well as does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), where guidance from a health professional is crucial to select the most appropriate contraceptive method and ensure effective and safe family planning.

The Effects of Subsidies for Healthy Foods on Food Purchasing Behaviors, Consumption Patterns, and Obesity/Overweight: A Systematic Review.

Taxing unhealthy foods and drinks is an essential measure against the double burden of malnutrition that affects every nation worldwide. In turn, subsidizing the consumption of healthy foods can also be a critical measure for changing the population's behavior and improving health indicators. A systematic review was conducted of food subsidies and their potential impact on food purchases, consumption, overweight/obesity, and changes in body mass index (BMI). The PubMed, Embase, LILAC, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies investigating the effects of subsidies on the amount of food purchased, food consumption, caloric intake, nutrient intake, and their impact on overweight, obesity, and BMI changes. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Two investigators independently performed data screening, extraction, and quality assessment. Of the 6135 studies screened, 149 were read in full and 18 were included in this systematic review. Most studies investigated the effects of subsidy scenarios on food purchases and observed increases in fruit and vegetable (F&V) purchases when these were subsidized. In randomized controlled studies, subsidized healthy foods were purchased more often. However, when the subsidy was suspended, F&V consumption decreased. Although quasi-experimental studies have demonstrated increased F&V consumption due to subsidies, some studies showed increased saturated fat and sodium intake. Only 2 studies evaluated the relationship between subsidies and obesity, yielding conflicting results. Although the subsidies appear to encourage purchase and consumption of healthier foods, enhancing the quality and diversity of dietary choices, the removal of subsidies can lead to a decline in the consumption of healthier foods. Additionally, their impact on obesity and BMI remains uncertain and requires further research. PROSPERO registration by the number CRD42023442122.

OS IMPACTOS DO TAPING NO PÓS-OPERATORIO EM ABDOMINOPLASTIA E LIPOASPIRAÇÃO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

With a progressive increase in the number of plastic surgeries, the role of physiotherapy has been evolving exponentially. With this, it highlights the importance of using specific procedures in the postoperative period in order to reduce possible complications and reactions from surgery such as edema, seroma, fibrosis, hematoma, pain, scarring and tissue adhesions. The main objective of physiotherapeutic treatment in the preoperative period of plastic surgery is to avoid or reduce complications such as the incidence of scars, adhesions, edema, hematomas and pulmonary complications. The present study is an integrative literature review, carried out through an electronic search of the Medical Literature Analysis System (PudMed) Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) database. This study can conclude with this study that the use of lymphatic taping in the postoperative period of abdominoplasty and liposuction is effective in reducing edema, preventing bruising and reducing the patient's pain, due to its action on the lymphatic system, thus having fewer complications. and complications.

MANEJO DO SORRISO GENGIVAL ATRAVÉS DO USO DA TOXINA BOTULÍNICA TIPO A

An aesthetically pleasing smile results from the combination of several factors, such as the position, size, shape, and color of the teeth, as well as the exposure and characteristics of the gingival tissue. When evaluating the gingival tissue in a smile, several important factors must be considered: excessive vertical growth of the maxilla, reduced length of the upper lip, excessive contraction of the upper lip, and disproportion between the length and width of the clinical crown of the anterior teeth. A minimally invasive approach that can be used as a complement to dental treatment is the application of botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine in the presynaptic vesicles of neuromuscular junctions, inhibiting muscle contraction. The aim of this literature review was to analyze the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the management of gummy smile. The search was conducted in the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The descriptors used for the search were "botulinum toxin," "gingiva," "periodontology," and "dental aesthetics," combined using the boolean operators AND and OR. Although the evidence demonstrates favorable results, the use of botulinum toxin to correct gummy smile has limitations. It is a temporary solution, and patients should be informed about the need for periodic reapplications and the potential side effects, such as facial asymmetries. The reviewed studies indicate that this technique is particularly effective in cases of gummy smile resulting from hyperactivity of the upper lip elevator muscle, providing a significant reduction in gingival exposure, with results lasting up to 12 weeks. The combination of different therapeutic approaches, along with a careful evaluation of the causes of gummy smile, allows dental professionals to offer more integrated and personalized solutions for each patient.

RESTAURAÇÃO BIOMIMÉTICA EM DENTE TRATADO ENDODONTICAMENTE: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO

Biomimetic dentistry is constantly evolving evolution, seeking inspiration from nature to develop technologies and biocompatible materials that mimic the structure and function of natural dental tissues. tissues. This innovative approach aims to improve the effectiveness of dental treatments by preserving tooth structure, improving the adhesion of restorative restorative materials, restoring structural integrity and replicating natural biomechanics. With a focus on regenerating and replacing lost dental tissues, biomimetic dentistry promises to revolutionise clinical practice, offering practice, offering more effective and safer solutions to patients through biomimetic products with improved properties. This study aims to aim of this study is to report a clinical case of restoration of a tooth treated tooth, using the principles of biomimetic dentistry to preserve tooth structure the tooth structure. Research was carried out in the following electronic databases databases: National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Virtual Health Library (BVS), Brazil (BVS), Brazil Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) from 2019 to 2024. Following the Biomimetic Dentistry approach, the use of intracanal pins was avoided in the restoration was avoided, prioritising methods that improve adhesion and reduce resin shrinkage and reduce the shrinkage of the composite resin. These techniques were considered sufficient to carry out the restoration, even in cases of extensive tooth loss after root canal treatment after root canal treatment.

USO DA CETAMINA COMO ESCOLHA NO TRATAMENTO EM ADULTOS E IDOSOS COM DEPRESSÃO RESISTENTE AO TRATAMENTO

Introduction: Increasingly, there has been a rise in the diagnosis of depressive disorders among the elderly, making this issue alarming as it directly affects their quality of life and functional capacity. In addition to these aspects, this situation increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Antidepressants, either alone or in combination with other medications, can be used to treat this type of depressive disorder. Currently, there are several classes of antidepressants available, but in the case of patients with mood disorders, the response to common antidepressants may be unsatisfactory. Studies indicate that a relevant alternative for treating resistant depression (RD) is the use of ketamine. Objective: To gather and analyze information on the pharmacological approach of ketamine in the treatment of resistant depression in the elderly. Methodology: Articles published in indexed journals in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine/NLM (MEDLINE), and National Library of Medicine/NLM (PUBMED) databases were evaluated, in addition to official sites such as the Ministry of Health of Brazil and the World Health Organization, covering the period from 2014 to 2024. Results: After completing the data collection phase, 29 relevant articles were identified for analysis of the proposed theme. Discussion: Based on the results obtained and the objectives of this review, it is possible to highlight the most relevant aspects of the topic in question. Thus, a positive response to treatment-resistant depression (TRD) was observed in patients treated with ketamine. Conclusion: The use of ketamine in patients with depressive disorders demonstrates rapid and lasting antidepressant effects, making it a viable treatment alternative.

The impact of linked color imaging on adenoma detection rate in colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Colorectal cancer prevention relies on surveillance colonoscopy, with the adenoma detection rate as a key factor in examination quality. Linked color imaging (LCI) enhances lesion contrast and improves the examination performance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of LCI on adenoma detection rate in adults who underwent colonoscopy. We searched the Medline, PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases for randomized controlled trials comparing the use of LCI versus white light (WL), published up to March 2023. The outcomes included lesion characteristics, number of adenomas per patient, and the additional polyp detection rate. Sixteen studies were included in the analysis, which showed that LCI was more accurate than WL in detecting adenomas, with an increased number of adenomas detected per patient. Although LCI performed well in terms of lesion size, morphology, and location, the subgroup analyses did not reveal any statistically significant differences between LCI and WL. The addition of LCI did not result in significant improvements in the detection of serrated lesions, and there were no differences in the withdrawal time between groups. LCI has been shown to be effective in detecting colonic lesions, improving the number of adenomas detected per patient and improving polyp detection rate without negatively affecting other quality criteria in colonoscopy.

MANEJO DO PACIENTE ONCOLÓGICO PRÉ E PÓS RADIOTERAPIA DE CABEÇA E PESCOÇO COM AUXÍLIO DA LASERTERAPIA NA CICATRIZAÇÃO ENO TRATAMENTO DAS MUCOSITES: RELATO DE CASO

Dental treatment for patients with head and neck cancer before and after treatment continues to be extremely important due to the impacts caused by the disease and the effects of its treatment, which in turn end up debilitating the health of these patients. In these cases, patients may present with oral and oropharyngeal mucositis and osteoradionecrosis, which are complications of head and neck radiotherapy. The aim of this paper is to report the clinical case of a 65-year-old male patient diagnosed with Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the left parotid region. The patient sought dental care at the Dentistry Clinic of Faculdade São Lucas in Porto Velho - RO, referred for multiple extractions prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment. During intraoral inspection, it was possible to observe very poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, fractured teeth, biofilm and dental caries. Surgical planning was therefore carried out for the extraction of 11 teeth in two sessions. In order to achieve this objective, the method used was the clinical case and a bibliographic review of scientific articles published in the last ten (10) years, without language restrictions, and indexed on the following search sites: PUBMED, ScientificElectronic Library (SciELO) and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “cancer patient”, “mucositis”, “laser therapy” and “head and neck radiotherapy”. Of all the articles found using the strategy described above, only twenty (20) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

A ATUAÇÃO DO FISIOTERAPEUTA NA PREVENÇÃO DE QUEDAS EM IDOSOS: Revisão Integrativa

This study aims to identify in the literature the main actions of the physiotherapist in the prevention of falls in the elderly. Falls in the elderly are common, being one of the main causes of mortality, morbidity and disability. It becomes common for falls to occur in old age, meticulous care is required, as this issue may be linked to other events that may arise, such as diseases. In view of the above, physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the prevention of falls. The Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and LILACS databases were used, where articles between the years 2018 to 2024 were selected. Based on a detailed search, 213 articles were found after applying the eligibility criteria for full reading, and 7 articles were selected for the present study. The evidence from this review makes it possible to conclude that the physiotherapist's role in preventing falls in the elderly is effective. The studies analyzed demonstrate that the application of exercises related to balance, muscular strength, and assessment using the Berg scale contributes to reducing the risk of falls.

Surgical correction of posttraumatic triphalangeal joint flexion contractures of the fingers (systematic literature review)

Introduction Triphalangeal joint flexion contracture of the fingers is a common and challeging posttraumatic hand condition. The goal of surgical treatment is to correct finger deformity and increase interphalangeal range of motion.The objective was to systematize data on the causes of post-traumatic triphalangeal joint flexion contracture of the fingers and methods of surgical correction.Material and methods The original literature search was conducted on key resources including Scientific Electronic Library (www.elibrary.ru), the National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.org), ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Ovid databases according to PRISMA recommendations. Literature searches included both Russian and English studies, with one or more cases of post-traumatic triphalangeal joint flexion contracture of the fingers with the deformity surgically corrected. Cases of non-traumatic flexion contractures were excluded. Etiological factors of flexion contractures, heterogeneity of definitions and methods for recording the range of motion in the joint, anatomical features, surgical correction of flexion contractures and postoperative complications were reviewed.Results Common causes of flexion contractures included burns (32.3 %), dislocations and fracturedislocations of the finger joints (23.5 %). The median postoperative follow-up period was 13.5 months after surgical treatment. Surgical correction was produced with external fixation device (EFD) in 40 % of cases, open procedures performed in 50 % and a combined technique employed in one case (10 %). Based on calculations of the odds ratios of postoperative complications, a weak positive linear relationship was revealed between EFD and pain syndrome, and a weak negative linear relationship was observed between the open procedure and pain.Discussion There is heterogeneity of approaches regarding methods for correcting flexion contractures, surgical approaches, techniques for mobilizing joints and releasing the anatomical structures of the finger with open procedures, the distraction rate with EFD, methods for repair of soft tissue defects following the treatment of flexion contractures of interphalangeal joint of a finger.Conclusion Open procedures are commonly used for precise elimination of all components of flexion contracture of the joint and repair of soft tissue defects of the finger. A weak positive linear relationship was revealed between EF and pain syndrome. There was no significant correlation between open techniques and complications. There were no correlations between the treatment method and the contracture type; there are no treatment regimens for patients with this pathology.

ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM NA SAÚDE MENTAL DOS PORTADORES DE LINFANGIOLEIOMIOMATOSE

The importance of providing quality and knowledgeable care, and recognizing the impact generated on the mental health of patients with a rare disease, such as Lymphangioleiomyomatosis or LAM, advocating nursing care as essential. Objective: to highlight and inform the need for nursing care in the mental health of patients with LAM. Method: this is a bibliographic review, based on articles selected from the databases: Scientific Electronic Library (SciELO), Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology, Google Scholar and the Ministry of Health. The inclusion criteria were articles that were published in the year 2020 to 2024, except for some cases where it was necessary to search for slightly older articles for a more complete research. Results: the nursing team, because it is on the front line of care and has a greater bond with patients, becomes responsible for providing proper care to people who have a rare disease, such as LAM, as this generates psychological illness. Knowing the subject, studying it and providing adequate assistance, thus reducing the impacts generated by this disease. Thus, providing guidance regarding the concept of LAM, the symptoms that may arise, how to reduce them, respecting the entire process and providing the emotional support they need. Conclusion: the presence of a nurse is necessary to provide the appropriate assistance to these patients. It is extremely important to have knowledge of LAM and its harms to the mental health of patients, enabling this professional to be able to provide the best possible care to a patient with a rare disease.

TRATAMENTO ESTÉTICO COM RADIOFREQUÊNCIA NO REJUVENESCIMENTO FACIAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Introduction: Aging is a natural, continuous, gradual phenomenon or process that manifests itself in a multifactorial and degenerative way in accordance with intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and these affect the entire human body, especially its largest organ, the skin. Aging in the facial region is due to the loss of elastin and collagen proteins, which support the physiological tissue and muscle functions of the skin. There are several aesthetic treatments for facial rejuvenation, among which Radiofrequency can be highlighted to treat sagging skin. Objective: To check the impacts of Radiofrequency as an aesthetic resource for the treatment of facial skin sagging with an emphasis on the rejuvenation process. Methods: it will be used based on the techniques and methods of bibliographic research, which consisted of collecting research sources using scientific platforms: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Virtual Libraries (BVS). Results: After detecting scientific data using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, reading titles and abstracts, 14 articles were requested, then the pre-selected publications were read in full, paying attention to the proposed theme, 11 were counted. articles for analysis and construction of the review. Conclusion: The studies carried out show that radiofrequency is established as an effective and safe technique for facial rejuvenation, providing significant beneficial results and showed that radiofrequency is a viable and promising alternative for treating signs of facial aging, contributing to the good -being and self-esteem of individuals.

RECURRENT RESUSCITATION PROCEDURES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

The present study refers to a real case report, in which a bioethical analysis is developed, from the perspective of principlism, in the environment of a pediatric intensive care unit, with the objective of discussing the dysthanasia practiced in the medical setting and the decision-making of those involved in this case. A search was performed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and PubMed databases for literature review. Dysthanasia consists of a treatment that only prolongs the pain, making any investment in healing an aggression against the dignity of the human person. When the patient is a child close to death, the difficulty for professionals becomes even greater. Therefore, it is necessary to pay greater attention to the curriculum, raising discussions and reflections on the subject, in order to train professionals to deal with finitude and play their role of offering support and comfort, as well as helping families to identify what quality of life means to them and how it is possible to achieve it.

A INSTABILIDADE POSTURAL NO ENVELHECIMENTO COMO FATOR DE RISCO DE QUEDA EM IDOSOS

Aging is defined as a natural, progressive and irreversible development, something common to all human beings and which can bear the influence of social, economic, psychological and political factors. Postural instability is reported worldwide as a geriatric syndrome but it is also defined as the individual's inability to adjust to an upright posture to preserve and maintain balance, thus the body's sensory information is not understood. Aging causes physical changes and impairs balance control due to motor and sensory deficits. The objective of this work is to point out postural instability in aging as a risk factor for falls in the elderly. The present study is an integrative review of the literature, with data collected from the following databases: U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). The inclusion criteria were: Studies published from 2018 to 2023 in Portuguese and English, randomized clinical trials, meta-analysis and compatible themes. In the search, 23,781 studies were identified. Of these, after initial exclusion by titles and abstracts, a total of 26 articles were selected according to the eligibility criteria for full reading, and 10 articles were finally included. Considering the results of the analysis of this integrative review, it can be concluded that postural instability is considered a risk factor for falls in elderly people.

ATUAÇÃO DA FISIOTERAPIA NA MELHORA DAMARCHA DOS PACIENTES ACOMETIDOS COM PARKINSON: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of idiopathic etiology, characterized by a progressive decline in dopamine levels in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. The motor circuitry occurs in the basal ganglia, which are responsible for voluntary movements.The kinematic analysis of gait of these individuals shows an asymmetry in gait pattern, where difficulties in regulating the temporal-spatial are observed, altering step and stride length, increasing the time spent in double support phase. Physical therapy assists in treating motor dysfunctions in these patients, reducing the impact that the disease causes on their lives, providing an improvement in their overall physical condition. OBJECTIVE: To analyze scientific studies that observe improvements in the gait cycle of individuals affected by Parkinson's disease, using physiotherapeutic approaches as treatment. METHODOLOGY: A literature review, using the database Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), CAPES Journal, ScienceDirect (Elservier), and collections in the Cruzeiro do Sul University library. RESULTS: Scientific articles were found in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, from the period between 2004 and 2024, which covered physiotherapeutic treatments related to gait and were available for free in the previously mentioned databases. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Scientific articles older than 20 years, physiotherapeutic treatments that do not include gait, paid databases, or those not included in the databases cited above. CONCLUSION: The main objective of the present study was to identify physiotherapeutic treatments that improve gait in patients affected by Parkinson's disease, ainming to reduce the impacts caused by progressive neurodegeneration of the neuromotor system. Despite of the studies presented in this work, further research is needed with a specific focus on the treatment of gait in individuals with the disease.

OBESIDADE INFANTIL: FISIOPATOLOGIA E CONSEQUÊNCIAS NA VIDA ADULTA

Introduction: excess weight is due to the abnormally high accumulation of adipose tissue, which results from a caloric surplus through the influence of multiple causal factors, highlighting a sedentary lifestyle and harmful dietary habits. Methodology: study consists of an integrative review of scientific literature, based on previous studies and literary sources, with the bibliographic survey carried out on the Scientific Electronic Library Online portal. Discussion: addresses aspects of childhood obesity, including etiology, clinical picture and diagnosis; with an emphasis on pathophysiology, impacts of childhood obesity in adulthood and management of the disease. Final considerations: considered one of the main epidemics of the 21st century; In this context, childhood obesity stands out, responsible for promoting changes in adipocyte hyperplasia and generating a harmful inheritance for the individual, associated with the repercussions that clinical intervention has in order to prevent and treat excess weight and its respective comorbidities.

The healing effects of using tilapia skin to heal burns and wounds

Introduction: Tilapia skin, a freshwater fish, is being used to treat patients with severe burns. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the evidence on the use of tilapia skin in burn healing. Material and Methods: The methodology used was a literature review. The research was carried out by means of an electronic search for scientific articles published on the Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Lilacs (Latin American Health Sciences Literature) and Pubmed websites. The health terminologies consulted in the Health Sciences descriptors (DeCS/BIREME) were used; evidence on the use of Tilapia skin in burn healing. Discussion: the good results with Tilapia skin, saline solution, hydrofiber with silver and silver sulfadiazine, however Tilapia skin and its derivatives showed better delineation of the wound edges, reduction of exudate, reduction of crust formation, maintenance of local humidity. This resulted in shorter healing times, fewer dressing changes and less pain related to dressing changes. Histological tests show biocompatibility between human skin and Tilapia skin, and in microbiological tests no bacterial growth was identified, and in biochemical analysis, Tilapia skin showed a higher percentage of type I collagen than observed in human skin, and proved resistant in tensile tests. Conclusion: The studies included in this review showed that the use of Tilapia skin as a biological dressing is effective in the treatment of burns, as it adheres well to the wound bed, has good tensile strength, no antigenicity, and reduces pain. The health care provided to burn patients is carried out directly by the nursing team, who perform all the dressings and assess the healing process. Using Tilapia skin as an alternative dressing for these patients allows nurses to provide better quality care and improve patient comfort.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN A MODERN ORGANIZATION: A REVIEW OF CURRENT APPROACHES

The article presents the author's vision of the problem of loss of effectiveness of traditional leadership approaches in managing a modern organization and the need to search for and implement new approaches. It is proposed to shift the focus of attention from classical approaches: from the position of personal qualities (personalistic), behavioral approach and situational approach, justifying the decrease in the results of their use in the activities of managers, to current approaches to organizational leadership, which are offered by modern scientists of the twenty-first century. Based on the analysis of publications in the scientific electronic library Elibrary.ru, such types of leadership as transformational, transactional, charismatic, team, divided, visionary were established. The features of each approach are identified and described. The concept of the terms “leadership”, “leader” (“manager”), “management” is given. The question is raised about the importance of a manager’s understanding of the changing needs and expectations of modern subordinates: the reality of our time is that there is a great need for a flexible work schedule and the ability to work remotely. A vision of what qualities and skills a modern leader should have is proposed, the need to develop emotional intelligence and the importance of changing the way of building communication with modern subordinates is highlighted. Attention is focused on the fact that the forms and methods of training leaders-managers in modern organizations require constant attention and regular improvement. Using the research results in the practical sphere of activity of managers will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of management in the context of the development of the digital economy within the country, improvement of technologies, artificial intelligence, as well as the influence of foreign policy events and increasing sanctions.

DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1 E 2 NA INFÂNCIA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A FAMÍLIA

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by the loss of the body's ability to produce insulin due to the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. Type 2 occurs when the body does not use the insulin produced, and its main causes are related to excess weight, a sedentary lifestyle, high triglycerides, hypertension and inadequate eating habits. The first discoveries about it were made in 1872 in a papyrus and clinically in 1812. Over the years, research on Diabetes Mellitus has been boosted, which has triggered the search for more effective treatments. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus on both the child's life and the parents' lives, in the emotional, economic and religious spheres, as well as in daily life with family and society. This is a bibliographical research, which used secondary sources of information, such as books, scientific articles and medical journals, such as the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and the Public Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed). The research aimed to identify the evidence available in these literatures that address, from the perspective of children and adults, the relevant factors for the elaboration of proposals for appropriate instructions for type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Knowledge of the epidemiological situation of type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus over the years provides support for directing resources to risk areas and for new strategies for preventing and controlling the disease in children, adolescents and adults.