Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale Research Articles

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Mothers: The Body Image and Emotional Intelligence Perspective

BackgroundBreastfeeding is a dynamic and complex process. Due to its complex nature, many reasons affect one another. Recent studies have focused on breastfeeding rates and factors that affect the early termination of breastfeeding. However, studies evaluating the relationship of body image and emotional intelligence concepts with breastfeeding self-efficacy have remained limited to date, resulting in a significant gap in the literature. AimThe present study was carried out to determine the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy, body image, and emotional intelligence of postpartum mothers. MethodsThe descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 mothers. The data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, the Body Image Scale (BIS), Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS), and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES). The data were evaluated with the SPSS program, using percentages, mean values, independent t-test,One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation and regression. ResultsThe mothers’ mean age was 29.99±5.46 years. The mean total scores that mothers obtained from the scales were found to be 123.47±23.45 for the BIS, 144.46±13.11 for the SEIS, 51.81±9.46 for the BSES-SF. In the correlation analysis results, there was no correlation between the BSES-SF and SEIS. A statistically significant positive correlation was determined between the BIS and BSES-SF. Considering the regression analysis, it is seen that 7.4% of the change in mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy is explained by body image (R^2 = 0.074) ConclusionThe study found that positive body image increases breastfeeding self-efficacy. There is a need for additional longitudinal research examining the body image and emotional intelligence perspective of breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Estimating Measurement Invariance on Emotional Intelligence Scale across Gender and Age among Undergraduates

Critical concerns in estimating measurement invariance of the Schutte emotional intelligence scale by gender and age among undergraduate students. This research aims to analyze five research questions, which are analyzed using exploratory factor analysis together with a correlation matrix to explain the relationship between the variables studied. This study used a cross-sectional, multi-method, multi-trait research design, drawing on a random sample of 300 first-year undergraduate students selected from three universities. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.872, served as the main instrument for data collection. The results showed that the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale demonstrated good model fit, as evidenced by the chi-square goodness-of-fit statistic (X^2(220) = 955.19, p < 0.05). This shows that the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale shows strong suitability with the model used in this research. However, it is important to consider that the chi-square goodness-of-fit may be affected by sample size, prompting examination of additional model fit indices. Further, within the Nigerian population, 23 out of the 33 items in the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale were found to be suitable for individuals in the age range of adolescence and emerging adulthood.

Examining the impact of emotional intelligence and attachment style on loneliness Alisha Azad Maldar * and Monalisa Nayak

Background: Loneliness is a prevalent psychological phenomenon with significant implications for mental health and well-being. Attachment theory posits that early attachment experiences shape individuals' interpersonal relationships and emotional experiences throughout life, potentially influencing susceptibility to loneliness. However, the relationship between attachment styles and loneliness remains underexplored, particularly in the context of diverse populations. Additionally, emotional quotient (EQ), which encompasses the ability to perceive, understand, regulate, and utilize emotions effectively, may play a crucial role in mitigating loneliness by facilitating adaptive coping strategies and fostering meaningful social connections. Methods: This quantitative study examined the relationship between attachment styles and loneliness among 103 participants. Attachment styles were assessed using Revised Adult Attachment Scale, emotional quotient using Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, while loneliness was measured using UCLA Loneliness Scale. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to assess differences in loneliness scores across attachment styles, followed by post-hoc comparisons to elucidate specific patterns. Pearson’s correlation was used to find the correlation between emotional quotient and loneliness. Results: The results revealed a significant difference in loneliness scores across attachment styles (F =8.644, p < 0.001). Post-hoc comparisons indicated that individuals with secure attachment styles reported significantly lower levels of loneliness compared to those with dismissive, preoccupied, and fearful attachment styles. Specifically, individuals with secure attachment styles reported a mean loneliness score of 17 (SD = 16), while those with dismissive attachment styles reported the highest mean loneliness score of 35 (SD = 12). There is a statistically significant correlation between Loneliness and Emotional Quotient with p value 0.001 at 5% level of significance. The r value is -0.486 which means that there is negative moderate correlation. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of considering attachment styles and emotional quotient in understanding individuals' experiences of loneliness. Individuals with secure attachment styles appear to be less vulnerable to loneliness, while those with insecure attachment styles are more likely to experience higher levels of loneliness. There is negative moderate correlation between emotional quotient and loneliness, i.e., as the emotional quotient increases, loneliness decreases. Future research may explore the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted interventions aimed at promoting secure attachment and improving emotional quotient to reduce loneliness among vulnerable populations.

N/a Exploring the Relationship between Test-Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance among University Students

This study was conducted to find the relationship of test-anxiety, emotional intelligence and academic performance of public private sector university students. A sample of 388 students,194 male and 194 females was drawn through convenient sampling from the Public and Private universities of Karachi in Pakistan, using a cross sectional design. Test anxiety was assessed through Westside Test Anxiety Scale and emotional intelligence was assessed using The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. Performance of the last two semesters attended by the students was used to assess academic performance and demographic information was gathered through the demographic form. The “Pearson Product Correlation” was calculated to find the relation between test anxiety and emotional intelligence and academic performance. t-test for independent sample was used to obtain the differences in test-anxiety and emotional intelligence and gender in Public and Private sector university students’ academic performance on the respective variables. The results revealed an inverse relationship between test-anxiety and emotional intelligence, academic performance. However, the results showed a positive relation between emotional intelligence and academic performance. Gender differences were found in test anxiety but not in emotional intelligence. The students of both the sectors differed in test anxiety, whereas both the groups did not differ on the scores of emotional intelligences. It is incumbent on educational institutes to provide psychological services to students who find hard to handle exam situation in the same way as financial assistance is provided to those who need it.

The relationship between emotional intelligence and sports motivation in athletes

Athletes’ motivation is a dynamic construct that may change due to some factors. For example, the experience of pleasure, enjoyment, competition, and appropriate expectations factors to participate in sports and to achieve high performance (de Franco Tobar, Meurer, & Benedetti, 2013). However, emotional intelligence (EI) also plays a significant role, as athletes experience both positive and negative emotions when faced with achievement, stress, or competitive pressure during sport and competition, which is common in both youth (McCarthy, Allen, & Jones, 2013) and adult sport (Campo et al., 2018). Athletes’ EI may also manifest as an inability to express and manage emotions appropriately (e.g., unbridled anger, aggression, lack of control), particularly in competitive situations itcan negatively affect both athletic performance and withdrawal from sporting activity. Meanwhile, the ability to understand and effectively manage emotions can influence interpersonal relationships within the team better sports performance, and enhance motivation to participate in sports (Ramajayam, 2017). Research purpose – to determine links between athletes’ emotional intelligence and sports motivation.
 The study involved 245 adult athletes from team sports. Among them were 109 men and 136 women. The mean age of the athletes was 21.8 ± 3.09 years. The following instruments were used in the study emotional intelligence was studied using Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte et al., 1998). Sport motivation was investigated using The sport motivation scale II (Pelletier et al., 2013). Socio-demographic questions about athletes’ age, gender, and represented sport were also provided. Statistical data processing was used to analyse the results.
 Results. It was determined that the emotional intelligence of athletes is higher than average. It was found that athletes can be most characterised by integrated motivation and least characterised by motivation. Women are more likely to have higher EI compared to men. Women better than men value the ability to control the emotions of others and perceive them. Men all dimensions of sports motivation were statistically significantly higher than for women, except introjected motivation. It was determined that the overall EI and EI dimensions of the participant were statistically significantly related to internal, identified, and injected motivation. The dimensions of their emotion management and perception of emotion are inversely related to motivation .
 Keywords: emotional intelligence, sports motivation, athletes.

Uskudar Emotional Wisdom Scale (USEWS) validity and reliability studies and examining psychometric properties

Without emotions, people cannot express themselves. In our age, Wisdom Psychology has gained importance as a methodology that reveals the importance of meaning and inquiry skills. It is evident that emotions should be reconsidered from a multidimensional existential perspective. Emotional Wisdom brought about the questioning of some new skills and created the need for a new measurement tool to obtain concrete data. In this study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure emotional wisdom and to contribute to the related literature by performing its first psychometric analysis. Quantitative methodology was used in this study. The research sample consisted of 1300 volunteer participants from across Turkey. As a result of the validity and reliability studies, a 6-factor scale named Uskudar Emotional Wisdom Scale (USEWS) emerged. The internal consistency reliability coefficient Cronbach Alpha value of the scale, which explained 51.87% of the total variance, was found to be .88. Confirmatory factor analysis of the scale resulted in acceptable goodness-of-fit values. In the criterion validity study, it was found to be related to the Revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (r=.60). In the first psychometric examinations conducted with effect analyzes, men’s emotional wisdom scores were found to be high and of medium effect (d=0.38; >0.2

Health Workers Need More Than Emotional Intelligence to Regulate Stress During Health Crises

The covid-19 pandemic is a recent health crisis worldwide. Stress in health workers concerns their crucial role in providing health care in the referral hospital for Covid-19. The stressors were sourced from work settings but also combined with a higher risk of infecting others in daily interactions. One of the effective buffers for stress is understanding emotions in oneself and others, formulated as emotional intelligence. However, little to no evidence of emotional intelligence prevents stress among health workers in health crisis settings. This study examined the association between emotional intelligence and stress among health workers working in referral hospitals for Covid-19. A quantitative design using simple random sampling to select six hospitals participated in this study. Ninety-two health workers completed two questionnaires between December 2021 and March 2022, including Schutte Emotional Intelligence (SEIS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). A simple linear regression analysis was applied, and the results showed no significant association of emotional intelligence toward general stress levels among health workers in the referral hospital for Covid-19. Health workers may have mediating or moderating socio-cognitive factors to cope with stress in health crises, such as self-esteem, self-compassion, and social support.
 Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, emotional intelligence, health crisis, health worker, stress

Findings on Sleep of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Their Mothers' Sleep and Emotional Intelligence

Objective: This study was aimed to (i) sleep characteristics of children with cerebral palsy (CP), and sleep and emotional intelligence results of their mothers, and (ii) explore the relationship these parameters both with each other and with demographic characteristics of children and their mothers. Methods: Thirty-three children with CP and their mothers were included this study. Functional level of children was evaluated with Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) while sleep parameters with Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated Form (CSHQ-AF). Sleep quality and emotional intelligence of mothers was evaluated by The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (RSEI), successively. Results: The highest percentage of children with CP participating in the study was at level 3 (GMFCS) with 24.24%. Mean sleep score of children with CP according to CSHQ-AF was 50.33 (SD: 9.38) points. Twenty-nine (87.9%) of children with CP had pediatric sleep problem while 51.5% of mothers had poor sleep quality. RSEI total score of mothers was 149.54 (SD: 16.94). No relationship was found between sleep and emotional intelligence of mothers with sleep of children with CP (p>0.05). Conclusion: The rate of sleep problems was found to be higher in children with CP compared to their mothers as expected. The lack of relationship between sleep and emotional intelligence can be explained by the reality that both parameters can be affected by many factors.

The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Fear of Pain in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery

This study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence levels on the fear of pain for patients undergoing surgical intervention. This descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 254 patients. Data were collected using the Personal Characteristics Information Form, Modified Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III, and Numerical Pain Form. A correlational analysis was performed. The mean age of patients was 47.33±17.70 years, and 57.9% (n=147) were female. More than half of the patients (n=174) were experiencing a certain degree of preoperative pain. A positive and statistically significant correlation was observed between the mean scores of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III and the Emotional Intelligence Scale. Female patients had significantly more fear of pain and higher scores in the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III (optimism/mood regulation, utilization of emotions) and the Emotional Intelligence Scale. The patients who manage "optimism/mood regulation" and have increasing levels of Emotional Intelligence could have a relatively higher fear of experiencing severe pain in the preoperative period. Despite the fear of experiencing severe pain, the patients tried to turn this negative situation into a positive one, as the dimensions of their emotional intelligence that provide and manage optimism/mood regulation were at a high level. The increasing level of Emotional Intelligence and "appraisal of emotions" might result in a decrease in the levels of fear of "minor pain" and "medical pain".

Hubungan Antara Kecerdasan Emosional dan Parental Bonding terhadap Dark Triad of Personality Pada Remaja

Adolescence contributes to the formation of personality in a person. Violence against adolescents is also a national problem in Indonesia today. Actions carried out by adolescents who are also students refer to impulsive behavior, shallow feelings, recklessness, as well as superiority and hostility which refer to the dark triad of personality. One of the factors that influence the dark triad of personality is emotional intelligence. Another factor that influences the dark triad of personality is the environment. Family is one of the environmental conditions that can contribute to the formation of one's personality so that bonding from parents contributes to adolescent behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and parental bonding to the dark triad of personality in students at X High School in the city of Semarang. This research method uses a correlational quantitative approach with a total of 352 participants. The measuring instruments used in this study were the short dark triad (SD3), the parental bonding instrument (PBI), and the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS). The analysis carried out in this study used multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 26. The results in this study found that there was an effect of the variables of emotional intelligence and parental bonding simultaneously on the dark triad of personality in X High School students in the city of Semarang.

Peculiarities of Emotional Intelligence of Pedagogues and Parents of Children in Private and Public Sector Pre-School Education Institutions

Background. A child’s personality is formed at an early age. This is the most favorable time to develop a child's emotional intelligence (EI), which is an important factor for further social, emotional, and cognitive development. Parents and teachers are important actors in a child’s social environment and can have a significant impact on a child's emotional development and behavior. Adults with high emotional intelligence can teach a child empathy, emotional perception, problem-solving, and other skills, as well as help the child learn to manage their emotions, understand and express feelings, and find appropriate ways to control inappropriate behavior or resolve conflicts. High emotional intelligence also correlates with the ability to understand a child's behavior better and choose appropriate educational strategies. In Lithuania, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the expression of EI among pre-school children’s parents and teachers, and differences identified between the public and private pre-school education sectors can be useful in further analyzing factors related to education quality. In this context, we aim to analyze the characteristics of EI among parents and teachers of pre-school children, as well as the differences that occur between representatives of private and public education sectors.
 Methods. Emotional intelligence was assessed using the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, which consists of 33 statements (Schutte et al., 1998).
 Results. It was determined that the overall EI score of the participants was higher than average. After comparing EI indicators of different education sectors, it was determined that private sector educators have statistically significantly higher EI scores than their public sector counterparts. Parents with children in private sector education institutions had the highest EI level, while educators of the public sector education institutions had the lowest. No emotional intelligence differences based on gender were identified.
 Conclusions. Educators in the private education sector have higher EI compared to their public sector counterparts. Parents choosing private education sector for their children have the highest EI levels in the entire study population.
 Keywords: emotional intelligence; teachers; parents; early education; different types of educational institutions.

Relationship between emotional intelligence and disaster response self-efficacy: A comparative study in nurses

BackgroundNurses who constitute an important part of the health system play a critical role in all stages of disaster management, especially in providing care for disaster victims. It is essential for nurses to have adequate education and qualifications to reduce disaster-related mortality and morbidity rates in the community. The qualifications of nurses depend not only on their knowledge and skills but also on their emotional abilities such as empathy and stress management. Emotions can impact individuals' levels of self-efficacy in disaster response, and it may help explain the differences in self-efficacy among nurses. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and disaster response self-efficacy, and compare the scores between hospital nurses and National Medical Rescue Team nurses. DesignA cross-sectional design. SettingsThis research was conducted at Bezmialem Foundation University Hospital and National Medical Rescue Team in Istanbul, Turkey. ParticipantsThis study included 565 nurses from two different institutions. MethodsA survey consisting of the Demographic Information Form, the Modified Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale was administered to the nurses. The data collected from March to April of 2022 was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 program. The differences and relationships among variables were determined by using Chi-square tests, student's t-tests, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analyses. ResultsOf the 565 participants, 219 (38.8%) were hospital nurses and 346 (61.2%) were NMRT nurses. NMRT nurses scored significantly higher in emotional intelligence (131.45 ± 6.15 versus 129.75 ± 6.01) and disaster response self-efficacy (80.71 ± 11.38 versus 77.77 ± 11.33) than hospital nurses (p < 0.05). In addition, emotional intelligence was found to be significantly and positively correlated to disaster response self-efficacy (r = 0.885, p < 0.05). ConclusionsThe emotional intelligence and disaster response self-efficacy were positively correlated, and both levels of NMRT nurses higher than hospital nurses. These findings suggest that healthcare organizations should take the emotional intelligence of nurses as an important means to improve their disaster response selfefficacy. It can improve the quality of disaster response to obtain well self-efficacy by developing the emotional intelligence of nurses.

Kecerdasan Emosional dan Kecanduan Internet pada Remaja di SMPN 3 2x11 Kayutanam Padang Pariaman

Uncontrolled and excessive use of the internet can have a negative impact in the form of internet addiction. Internet addiction can be experienced by anyone, especially teenagers. Teenagers are at the stage of identity crisis, tend to have a very high curiosity, and always want to try new things. One of the factors that influence internet addiction in adolescents is emotional intelligence. This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and internet addiction in adolescents at SMPN 3 2x11 Kayutanam, Padang Pariaman Regency. This research method uses a correlation design with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were students of SMPN 3 2x11 Kayutanam with a total sample of 110 respondents using the proportional strafied random sampling technique. The measuring tools used are The Schutte Emotional intelligence Scale for emotional intelligence and the Internet Addiction test for internet addiction. The results showed the average score of emotional intelligence was 118 which was moderate emotional intelligence and the average score for internet addiction was 42 which was mild internet addiction. The results of bivariate analysis using the Pearson showed p value = 0.000 and r value = -0.756 which means there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and internet addiction with a strong relationship strength in a negative direction. Which means that the higher the emotional intelligence, the lower the internet addiction.

Investigation of the Mediating Role of Hope and Self-Respect in the Relationship between Life Satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence among University Students

A satisfactory degree of life satisfaction is of great importance in developing an optimistic perception about the events and problems encountered throughout life, being satisfied with life, and leading a peaceful life. Important predictors of life satisfaction include self-respect, emotional intelligence, and hope. In this context, this study was primarily conducted to examine the mediating role played by hope and self-respect in the correlation between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in undergraduate students. Also, we aimed to examine the correlation between the variables of life satisfaction, hope, emotional intelligence, and self-respect. In this quantitative study, correlational analysis and causal-comparative research were used. The sample of the study included 819 university students. The "Original Form of Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale 33-TR," the "Life Satisfaction Scale," the "State Hope Scale," and the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale" were utilized as data collection tools. Data analysis involved Pearson’s correlation and path analysis. Analyses showed significant relationships between the variables of hope, self-respect, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence. Also, direct and indirect effects were found between that the variables. Finally, it was concluded that the correlation between life satisfaction and emotional intelligence was mediated significantly by hope and self-respect. The research findings were interpreted and discussed in the light of the relevant literature.

The Relationship Between Postpartum Depression Risk and Emotional Intelligence and Evaluation of Affecting Factors

Objective: This thesis research is a descriptive study conducted to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence and postpartum depression risk and the factors affecting it.Methods: The research was carried out between April 1 - September 30, 2018 at Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Obstetrics Clinic. The universe of the study consisted of women (N = 624) who gave birth between April 1 and September 30, 2018. The sample of the study consisted of 193 women who delivered at the Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital's Obstetrics Clinic, agreed to participate in the research and complied with the research criteria. In the first meeting, the participants were applied “Participant Diagnosis Form” and “Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale” and in the second meeting, “Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale” was applied in 6-8 weeks after birth. In the study, t-test was used in independent groups for differences in two-group variables, and ANOVA analysis was used in determining the differences in variables with more than two groups. Tukey analysis was used to determine which two groups differ from the variables determined as a result of ANOVA analysis. All analyzes were carried out through SPSS for Windows V25.0 package program.Results: In the study, the risk of postpartum depression was found to be 10.88%. No statistically significant relationship was found between postpartum depression risk and emotional intelligence (p&gt; 0.05). There is a positive and weak relationship between the risk of postpartum depression and the evaluation of emotions from the sub-dimensions of emotional intelligence (p &lt;0.05). There is no relationship between postpartum depression risk and emotional intelligence sub-dimensions, optimism and the use of emotions (p&gt; 0.05). A statistically significant relationship was found between postpartum depression risk and relationships with spouse and marital satisfaction (p &lt;0.05).Conclusion: At the end of the study, no significant relationship was found between emotional intelligence and postpartum depression. However, there are many studies in the world literature regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental well-being. In our country, studies are needed in different groups.

The Reliability and Validity Measurement for Emotional Intelligence and Cohesion of Workgroup Among Football Players

One of the important processes in research is to ensure that the questionnaire is reliable and valid. Based on previous research, the psychometric properties of the measurement for emotional intelligence and cohesion of workgroup are not widely tested by using the sample in the context of sports. Hence, the main objective of this study is to test the reliability and validity measurement for emotional intelligence and cohesion of workgroup among football players. The research method is quantitative where questionnaire form is used to conduct the study. The questionnaire is consisting of Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) and Group Cohesiveness Scale. The sample of this study is 252 football players that plays for Premier League and Super League. The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 26. As result, the score of Cronbach Alpha for SEIS is 0.816 while for Group Cohesiveness Scale, the score of Cronbach Alpha is 0.778. Hence, in terms of reliability, the findings show that all items are in high reliability. Meanwhile, in terms of validity, the results show that all items are very beneficial which are strongly valid. As conclusion, the result of this study will be one of the sources of reference for future researchers that interested to use the measurement of emotional intelligence and cohesion of workgroup especially in the context of sports.

Burnout and emotional intelligence: A relationship study female physical education trainee teachers

The intention of this disquisition was to explore if a relationship exists or not between emotional intelligence and burnout by examining a sample of 32 womanish physical education trainee preceptors. Burnout was measured by the Maslach burnout force Scale, Emotional intelligence was measured by the N.S. Schutte emotional intelligence Scale. The correlation was reckoned 0.05 situations. Examinations set up that burnout pattern and emotional intelligence have a strong negative association (r = -0.834), according to exploration results. Emotional intelligence had a significant donation on the burnout of womanish physical education trainee preceptors. Emotional intelligence and burnout set up negatively identified. Burnout was equally related to overall emotional intelligence situations. A series of retrogression analyses revealed that emotional control, emotional recognition and expression, and understanding of feelings were significant predictors of burnout.

Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Academic Burnout with Mediating Effect of Self-efficacy among University Students

The present study investigated the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and academic burnout with a self-efficacy’s (SE) mediating effect among university students. A cross sectional research design was used in this study which was carried out in Karachi from September 2018 to January 2019. The sample involved 400 full time regular university students from different academic institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants ranged in age from 16 to 25 years (M=21.28, SD=2.12). Participants were given the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Academic Burnout Scale to investigate the association between a student's emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, and academic burnout. The descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were used to compute the results. The findings show that emotional perception, emotional use, emotional self-management, and managing emotions with others were identified as the significant predictors of academic self-efficacy. It was determined that emotional intelligence and academic self-efficacy played a significant influence in preventing academic burnout among undergraduate students. Students with high levels of emotional stability perform better academically, which is influenced by emotional intelligence. Through developed curricula, trainings, exercises, and awareness sessions, educational institutions may create a variety of strategies to sustain not just students' academic performance but also their ability to operate normally in daily life. Academic administrators can readily manage students' academic burnout if they focus on these factors.

Investigating the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Social Anxiety Levels of University Students

This study investigates the relationship between emotional intelligence and social anxiety levels of university students. The study data consisted of a total of 212 university students, 64% female (N=136) and 36% (N=76) male and data were collected from a state university in the west of Turkey. The relational model, one of the general models, was used in the research. The "Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale" was used to determine the emotional intelligence levels of the students, and the "Social Anxiety Scale" was used to determine the social anxiety problems experienced by university students. SPSS 23.0 package program was used for the analyzes. Research findings revealed the positive effects of emotional intelligence in reducing the social anxiety levels of university students. In addition, it was concluded that emotional intelligence predicts social anxiety in university students in a statistically significant way. It was observed that the subscales of optimism, use of emotions and evaluation of emotions which constitute emotional intelligence in university students significantly predicted social anxiety together.

Psychometric Properties of the English and Malay Version of the Adapted Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale.

The study examines the psychometric properties of the adapted Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (A-SEIS) with 200 undergraduate students at the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Upon the permission, the researchers adapted the original instrument, SEIS by incorporating a new construct which is understanding of emotions and some ability-based items into the perceived emotions construct. The A-SEIS is a mixed (trait and ability) measure EI instrument that aims at assessing four important dimensions of EI, including perception of emotions, utilization of emotions, understanding of emotions, and management of emotions. The study investigated the content validity of the A-SEIS by using the content validity indexing (CVI). Three expert panels translated and back-translated the A-SEIS and rated the degree of relevance of every item based on the four-point scale provided in the content validation form. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) methods were used to explore the underlying structure of the A-SEIS. The general validity testing of the adapted instrument was carried out in the framework of the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach by applying two iterations of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the first approach is the covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) approach, followed by the partial least squares based SEM (PLS-SEM) using two different software: AMOS and smartPLS. Research findings concluded that the instrument is reliable and valid to be applied in tertiary education settings and future research.