School Computer Research Articles

ICT in biology education: teachers’ readiness and implementation challenges in the context of Bangladesh

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is commonly employed in biology classes to facilitate students' comprehensive comprehension of biological processes and enable them to see living phenomena. The purpose of the study was to explore the use of ICT in enhancing the teaching and learning process of biology in the secondary schools of Bangladesh. In our study, sequential explanatory mixed method design has been followed. Data was collected from purposively selected ten secondary schools of Dhaka city. The study reveals that teachers have a positive attitude towards incorporating ICT in biology lessons and possess operational understanding of data processing tools and online browsing. Nevertheless, it also emphasizes the fact that teachers are devoid of personal computers in their houses and have restricted availability to school computers. Furthermore, the existing curriculum and teachers' guides lack adequate instructions for integrating ICT into biology lectures. The study also suggests that the process of developing ICT-based curriculum is complicated, which deters teachers from incorporating ICT into their classes. Furthermore, there is a limited availability of educational materials related to ICT in the Bangla language. This study recommends continuous in-servicing training on ICT to teachers, interest free loan to teachers for purchasing laptops, developing interactive biology educational ICT contents in Bangla and include specific instructions in the curriculum and teachers’ guide on how to use ICT in biology classes. These findings have important implications for policy makers, educators, and researchers who are dedicated to expanding the use of ICT in education.

E-Government Efforts Through a Culture of Intranet Use E-Learning Green Computing in Environmental Schools as a Solution to Prevent Global Warming (A Paperless Study on Integrated Environmental Education-based Schools at SDN Lowokwaru 2 Malang)

Global warming is a serious environmental problem, one of the causes of global warming is the cutting down of forests to produce paper. Paperless evaluation in elementary schools can be a revolutionary solution to prevent global warming. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the success of paperless culture and measure the strength of factors on the routine use of e-learning green computing intranet in Adiwiyata schools. Previous studies have mostly discussed the impact of environmental learning on students’ awareness of the importance of protecting the environment. This research can provide new information on preventing global warming of paperless evaluation routine culture. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Research question one used interactive analysis and research question two used Force Field Analysis (FFA). The results of this study found that the success of the paperless evaluation routine can shape the e-government character culture. The conclusion is that paperless evaluation can save one tree every year because the supporting factors are powerful and greatly contribute to preventing global warming. Keywords: e-learning, computing, green, intranet, paperless

On the importance of internet access for children’s health and subjective well-being: the case of China

ABSTRACT Digital technology is transforming children’s daily routines and can potentially have long-lasting effects on their lives. This paper studies the impact of internet access on the health and subjective wellbeing of Chinese children. To conduct such analysis, we employ data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), a longitudinal dataset of Chinese seventh-year students representative of the whole country. This database allows us to control for unobserved individual heterogeneity and socio-economic characteristics. We use two alternative methods to address endogeneity concerns. The first one employs a recursive system of equations that allows unobserved individual heterogeneity to simultaneously affect both health outcomes and digital access. The second approach exploits the fact that Chinese students cannot choose which school to attend and employ the proportion of students owning a computer in the same school as an instrumental variable. Regardless of the method, we find that internet access improves health. We also find some positive impact of digital access on subjective wellbeing, albeit the evidence is weaker. This stands in stark contrast to prior research, which has found a negative effect of internet use on mental health in Western countries.

Use of the Alice Visual Programming Environment in Programming Education : A Descriptive Case Study

The process of learning a programming language is seen as complicated, especially for those who first start to learn programming language. For this reason, visual programming tools have begun to be used in educational environments. Visual programming tools purpose to concretize abstract programming language concepts. Alice program is one of the visual programming tools. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the Alice program on programming learning in the education environment. The study group was 18 freshman students enrolled in the Object Based Programming I course at the vocational school computer technology department. The study lasted 8 weeks, with 4 hours each week. The teaching was realized on Gagne’s nine events of instruction model. At the end of the teaching process, two focus group interviews were conducted with the students to determine the obstructing and facilitating factors in using the Alice program. This study was utilized a descriptive case study. The data were analyzed by using the content analysis. When the results were examined; It was seen that the Alice program makes learning the basic code concepts easy and understanding programming logic, and increases the desire to learn programming. However, it was stated that the practicality of writing code could not be improved because code could not be written in the Alice program. It is thought that employing the Alice program is beneficial for enhancing comprehension of programming logic.

Age-varying associations of parent-adolescent relationship and school connectedness with adolescent self-compassion: Differences by gender.

Parent-adolescent relationships and school connectedness are critical promotive factors for adolescent self-compassion. However, little is known about how the magnitude of the associations between these protective factors and self-compassion changes across continuous age groups and whether gender differences exist in the age-varying associations. This study aims to investigate (1) the age-varying associations of parent-adolescent relationships and school connectedness with self-compassion using time-varying effect modeling and (2) how their age-varying associations may differ by gender. A total of 14,776 adolescents aged 10-18 (mean age = 13.53 ± 2.08, 52.3% males) from Shenzhen, China participated in this study. All adolescents completed the online questionnaires in the school computer rooms. The results showed that both parent-adolescent relationships and school connectedness were positively associated with adolescent self-compassion, and the magnitudes fluctuated with age. Specifically, the association between parent-adolescent relationships and self-compassion peaked for adolescents in early adolescence, with the key timing for girls (age group of 10 years old) being slightly earlier than boys (age group of 11 years old). The association between school connectedness and self-compassion was stronger for boys in the early years of adolescence (in the age group of 12.7 years), while stronger for girls during middle adolescence (in the age group of 14.0 years). Overall, girls were more sensitive to connections with parents and schools than boys during most age groups. The findings demonstrated differential key timing for boys and girls regarding family- and school-based intervention to cultivate self-compassion and highlighted the importance of maintaining strong connections with families and schools for cultivating adolescent self-compassion, particularly for girls.

Challenges of ICT Tools for Managerial Functions in Private Secondary Schools

The study examined the challenges of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools for managerial functions among private secondary school administrators in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were used in the paper. Using a standardized questionnaire, the principals of the private secondary schools in the Ilorin Metropolis provided the data. The total population of Private Secondary Schools within Ilorin Metropolis is 141. The entire population was used as a sample for the study. Findings from the study showed that the majority of the respondents strongly disagreed that there is a non-availability of computers in private secondary schools. The respondents disagreed with the unavailability of internet services in the Ilorin metropolis. The majority of the respondents agree that inadequate Information and Communication Technology tools in private secondary schools. The study concluded that fear of technology use among principals, inadequate Information and Communication Technology tools, and power failure are the challenges confronting the effective use of ICT among principals in private secondary schools in the Ilorin metropolis. The paper recommended that the proprietors of private secondary schools in the Ilorin metropolis should procure more Information and Communication Technology tools. Computer literacy experts should be appointed as the principal. The management should introduce solar energy to save the school from the interrupted power supply.

실시간 화상영어 교과의 문제점 분석 및 ERRC 가치혁신 전략 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems that occurred while operating real-time online English subject designed to improve English communication skills, which are essential competencies for global talents, and to propose a final value innovation strategy by applying the ERRC framework. Methods To this end, the ERRC framework was derived by analyzing problems through a survey in the first stage of this survey targeting 315 students who participated in a real-time online English subject conducted at a university A and through in-depth interviews with 9 participating students in the second stage. In the result analysis stage, the validity of the ERRC strategy was verified through in-depth interviews with 10 experts, and the final ERRC value innovation strategy was derived. Results As a result of the study, it was found that students were dissatisfied with the improvement of their conversation skills and the evaluation and results of classes, and in particular, they were highly dissatisfied with the access to class media and overall use of class environment factors. As a solution to this, four value strategies were derived: ‘deletion of guidelines that must be taken directly in the school computer room’ as a removal factor, ‘reinforcement of feedback from native-speaking professors’ as an increasing factor. As a reduction factor, ‘reduction of classroom computer failures/errors’ was derived, and as a creative factor, six value strategies were derived, including ‘development of an advanced instructional media system’. Conclusions This study is meaningful in that it analyzes the problem by considering the environmental aspects of the organization rather than solving the problem of education only by instructors such as teaching methods to education experts and organizational operators, and draws a solution by applying the ERRC framework. The value innovation strategy can be used as a practical and creative problem-solving method to improve students' global capabilities.

Strong and antistatic biomass adhesive for wood-based composites with electrostatic discharge protection function

Soybean protein adhesive, as an aldehyde-free biomass adhesive, has gained significant attention as an environmentally friendly material in recent years. It not only aligns with the objectives of the double carbon strategy but also contributes to the environmental protection strategy of reducing carbon emissions. And the functional modification of soybean protein adhesive and its wood composite hold great importance in expanding its application domains and meeting specialized requirements. This research focused on developing a robust, antistatic adhesive derived from soy protein as an alternative to formaldehyde-based resins, which represents a critical path in the advancement of wood-based composites that are free from formaldehyde and possess functional properties. However, ensuring the bonding strength of soy protein adhesive while developing antistatic adhesives and their wood-based composite materials is of great research value and challenge. Inspired by the organic-inorganic hybrid structure, this study aimed to prepare a strong and durable soy protein adhesive with excellent mechanical strength and multifunctionality by using a self-synthesized crosslinking agent called AP and the loaded two-dimensional MXene, which was stabilized in a dispersion of nanocellulose (CNC). The dry and wet shear strength of the resulting adhesive increased by 103.8 % and 113.8 % to 2.21 MPa and 1.24 MPa, indicating the stable crosslinking structure formed in adhesive system by the covalent bond between self-synthesized crosslinking agent AP and the carboxyl groups on proteins, as well as the hydrogen bond interactions between C-M and the proteins. Furthermore, the adhesive exhibited significant antistatic and self-extinguishing properties, with the particleboard modified by adhesive SPI/C-M/AP having a resistivity of 9.212 × 1011 Ω cm. The resistivity decreased with increasing MXene content, providing potential applications for places such as school computer rooms and factory electronic equipment rooms. This breakthrough in multifunctional biomass-based adhesives and composite materials enriches the preparation of new types of biomaterials with antistatic and flame retardant properties.

Pre-service teacher’s perceptions about the difficult nature of physics as a mathematics embedded course in a college of education

Despite the great importance attached to physics as a core science course that aids the learning of other subjects like mathematics, chemistry, agriculture, biology, computer, geography, and other vocational subjects in high schools to upgrade their knowledge on the physical world, some pre-service teachers still see physics as a very difficult subject that only exist in an abstract form. As a result of this, some pre-service physics teachers find it a challenge when offering or teaching physics as a course in colleges of education and high schools during their teaching practice. The reasons contributing to this is not far from; poor teaching and learning approach, lack of modern practical equipment, and incompetent lecturers among many others. As a result of this, this study finds it necessary to investigate the preserve teachers’ perceptions about the difficult nature of physics as a field of study in a college of education. In achieving this, the study was conducted among some college of education students taking physics as a major or minor field of study in a college of education. And this study was carried out using a quantitative approach of data collection among the 46 students taking physics as a course in a college of education in Nigeria. The result of the finding confirmed that there is a high percentage of the participants taking physics who reported that the teaching process, adopted when learning it, lacks some vital resources, such as motivation, good practical tools, and competent lecturers among many other. As a result of this, some students have taken physics as a difficult subject

Computational Thinking Skills Theorization in The Vocational High School Computer Programming Subject Context

The purpose of the study is to compile concepts related to computational thinking skills in the context of computer programming subject. The research design used is data theorization (grounded theory) with open coding and axial coding data analysis techniques. Three types of data collection protocols are used: interview protocols, observation protocols, and recording protocols. The characteristics informants used are students who have experience learning computer programming in the vocational high school. The research produced several concepts, namely the problem concept, which then gave rise to the computational thinking skills concept. The problem concept consists of three sub-concepts: the common problem sub-concept, the medium problem sub-concept, and the high problem sub-concept. The concept of computational thinking skills is a set of skills required in the problem-solving process in computer programming. Computational thinking is not just a thought process but an expression of skills that others can observe. In the computer programming subject context, two concepts influence the process of mastering computational thinking skills: the guidance strategies concept and the information sources concept. The concept of success becomes a mediator in developing computational thinking skills. The theory produced in this study can be used as a basis for conducting research with quantitative designs related to deductive proof of the theory.

Creating Apps for Community and Social Good: Preliminary Learning Outcomes from a Middle School Computer Science Curriculum

This study examined student learning outcomes from a middle school computer science (CS) curriculum developed through a researcher and practitioner partnership (RPP) project. The curriculum is based on students creating mobile apps that serve community and social good. We collected two sets of data from 294 students in three urban districts: (1) pre- and post-survey responses on their learning experiences and attitudes toward learning CS and creating community-serving apps; (2) the apps created by those students. The analysis of student apps indicated that students were able to create basic apps that connected with their personal interests, life experiences, school community, and the larger society. Students were significantly more confident in coding and creating community-focused apps after completing the course, regardless of gender, race/ethnicity, and grade. However, their interest in solving coding problems and continuing to learn CS decreased afterward. Analyses of students’ attitudes by gender, grade, and race/ethnicity showed significant differences among students in some groups. Seventh-grade students rated more positive on their attitudes than eighth graders. Students identifying with different race/ethnicity groups indicated significantly different attitudes, especially students identifying as Southeast Asian, Black/African American, and Hispanic/Latino. Self-identified male students also reported stronger interest and more positive attitudes overall than self-identified female students. Students also reported positive experiences in learning how to create real apps serving their community, while there were disparities in their experiences with coding in general and some of the instructional tools used in the class.

Strengthening the Digital Literacy of Madrasa Students al-Ittifaqiah Indralaya, South Sumatra

Al-Ittifaqiah Islamic Boarding School is an example of a modern Islamic boarding school in Indonesia which adopts limited ICT. In fact, digital literacy is a prerequisite for students to participate in a wider life. Starting from this situation, this service activity aims to improve students' cognitive abilities regarding digital literacy skills. The digital literacy training at Islamic Senior High School of Al-Ittifaqiah Islamic Boarding School involved 46 male and female students. The material presented in a dialogical manner includes the concept of digital literacy, communication ethics in social media, effective communication in the digital era, and motivation to learn in the online learning era. The results of the evaluation indicated that this service was successful in increasing the students' cognitive by 20.93 points. This increase was statistically significant, t (45) = 9.6457, p <0.001. The community service team recommended for the Islamic boarding school to provide internet access for students, at least in the boarding school's computer laboratory. In addition, Sriwijaya University needs to continue to be a boarding school as a service target group because of their uniqueness that combines the traditional education system and the modern education system.

Mapping of school teachers’ digital competency in the context of digital infrastructure: a systematic review and empirical study of India

PurposeThis research paper investigates the theoretical frameworks encompassing a nuanced analysis of the digital divide in the Indian educational context, recognising that it is not merely a matter of technology access but also the ability to effectively use the resource for enhancing learning outcomes. This research provides valuable insights for fostering a more equitable and digitally inclusive learning environment by integrating conceptual insights with empirical evidence. The New Education Policy (NEP), India 2020 firmly emphasises the appropriate integration of technology into the teaching-learning process to develop relevant competencies. The pertinent question is, for India to conquer the second digital divide challenge, is the pace of technology accessibility and skill development sufficient?Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a desk research, using secondary data from the Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE+), the Indian Government database of schools. A structured dataset has been created for all years, where states are grouped in descending ranking order of availability of infrastructure and teachers trained. A colour key segregates the States into three zones demonstrating their different levels of performance – high (green), moderate (blue) and low (yellow). The purpose is to identify state/s that have moved from one zone to another and, thereafter, analyse the reasons behind the movement.FindingsAlmost all states remained in the same digital resource availability zone for the four years studied, except for a limited few. Despite government interventions through higher budget allocation and targeted policies, growth rates of teacher training in computer usage slowed down post-COVID-19. A high positive correlation between Teachers' training in computer usage and the availability of computer and Internet facilities in schools indicates that an increase in digital infrastructure in schools is highly linked to teachers' training in computer usage and would ultimately translate into better use of digital resources to impart equitable education opportunities.Research limitations/implicationsPrimary data collection through interviews might have added to the critical findings. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further on a case-by-case basis for any state under consideration.Practical implicationsEnhancing digital infrastructure in schools and building digital competence in teachers must be understood in the context of the learning organisation and the beneficiaries' attitudes at the meso-level to expand stakeholder motivation towards digital internalisation. This requires continuous engagement with education institutions as professional learning organisations, which will thereby help develop a decentralised context for teacher competency building. Collaboration, continuous monitoring of the outcomes of professional development programs, and sharing best practices are crucial in improving teacher readiness for digital education.Social implicationsAccess to tangible resources, such as computers, Internet connectivity and educational software, and developing intangible resources, such as teacher digital competencies, will play a pivotal role in shaping students' learning experiences. By studying the discrepancies in digital resource accessibility and teacher technology adoption, this research endeavours to add to the efforts towards enhancing the educational landscape.Originality/valueThis paper seeks to address a critical issue in the Indian education system and contribute to the ongoing effort to prevent the widening of the second and third digital divide in schools, and help achieve UN SDG Goals 4 and 10.

PENGEMBANGAN SKILL DAN KOMPETENSI TIK GURU MATEMATIKA DAN IPA KOTA JAMBI MELALUI e-TUTORIAL BERBASIS KEBUTUHAN GURU(TEACHER’S NEED)

To improve the quality of learning, the government has attempted to facilitate school with equipment Information and Communication Technology (ICT), such as the procurement of computer labs, school computer connection to the Internet, and increase the skills of teachers in computer operationalize. In fact, only a few teachers who use computers for a whole series of teaching, starting from the use of computers to plan instruction, learning activities and evaluation of learning. The research reveals the teacher's perception of the skills and knowledge, and determine the factors that influence the control of teachers in ICT. Furthermore, this study also develops a tutorial www.etiktutor.org website dedicated to teachers who want to improve their knowledge and ICT skills through online tutorials. The survey results in this study show turns the ability of ICT teachers are categorized Jambi, and the factors that most influence on teachers' ICT capability is the availability of ICT tools and teacher access to participate in ICT education. Furthermore, the website tutorial tutorial materials based on the needs of teachers has received a very positive perception of teachers, where they say that www.etiktutor.org website is very useful to improve the knowledge and ability of mathematics teacher ICT and science high school in the city of Jambi. Keyword: communication technology competence, e-tutorial

After Mainframes: Computer Education and Microcomputers in Western Switzerland during the 1980s and 1990s

ABSTRACT This article analyses the developments in computer education in French-speaking Western Switzerland in the 1980s and 1990s. It investigates how computer education changed with the arrival of microcomputers, who the agents of these changes were, and with what sociopolitical and economic developments these pedagogical changes interacted. By analysing archival material from five cantonal departments of education and from Raymond Morel (at the time, Western Switzerland’s most influential educational IT expert), it is argued that computer education in Western Switzerland’s general education experienced three shifts. First, education with computers displaced education about computers in the first half of the 1980s. Second, from the mid-1980s onwards, office applications became central. Third, computer education morphed into telecommunications education around 1990. The paper contributes to the historiography of local school computers and computer education. It adds comment on the “glocal” histories of computers, which shed light on local computer cultures and economies across the globe.

On Multilevel Teaching of Programming in the Basic School Computer Science Course within the Differentiation of Teaching Content.

On Multilevel Teaching of Programming in the Basic School Computer Science Course within the Differentiation of Teaching Content.

Balancing teachers’ needs in times of crisis: investigating how computer science instructional coaches and teachers navigated remote professional development during COVID-19

ABSTRACT This study investigated how Chicago Public Schools (CPS) computer science (CS) teachers and instructional coaches navigated remote professional development (PD) during the pandemic. Analyzing multiple sources of qualitative data, we explored how coaches adapted PD to address teachers’ unique needs and how teachers experienced remote PD. We found that the coaching team designed PD to help teachers translate key instructional strategies into the remote learning environment and increasingly centered their PD design efforts on improving teacher engagement and wellbeing. Teachers primarily valued the relational aspects of PD, including opportunities for collaboration and personalized support from instructional coaches. Leveraging an ecological framework, we found that the pandemic and remote learning contexts amplified preexisting PD challenges experienced by teachers and coaches. Findings suggest that PD researchers and designers should focus on teacher wellbeing and that districts should invest in flexible and adaptable PD structures to meet CS teachers’ varied needs.

The use of ICT in the education of students with alexia/acquired dyslexia

In the modern era, new technologies are an integral part of our daily lives. The use of the PC provides a great educational material, which is an important tool for modern education as it can change the entire landscape in education. The performance of dyslexic students can be greatly improved by using computers in school. With the introduction of computers and new technologies in the classroom that have a wide range of applications, it is an effective tool for learning, because it can help students gain a better understanding of the curriculum.

Optimisation of automatic optical inspection on THT-PCB based on image segmentation and GLCM

ABSTRACT Application Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) is comprehensive in producing electronic circuits in the industry as an essential part of product assurance. Previous research created an AOI model for THT-PCB, which did not require complicated processing, and computers in vocational schools were able to process this model very well. However, this model cannot detect disturbed solder defects at solder joints. This study proposes optimising the AOI system to assist teachers in checking workpieces in soldering practicum, which significantly affects the industry’s need for students’ soldering skills. A Region of Interest (ROI) obtained by applying Image segmentation and log-polar transformation to the model. Then feature extraction had applied to the ROI using the Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM). The model verification shows an improved ability for disturbed soldering defects detection, which was not previously available on models. Accuracy and precision measurement for disturbed soldering defect detection by a correlation matrix gives a result of the accuracy of 91.75% and 90.20% precision. The fastest computation time measured on disturbed soldering defects detection is 800 milliseconds, while the total computing time is 2.8 seconds.

The Impact of Implementing a Moodle Plug-in as an AI-based Adaptive Learning Solution on Learning Effectiveness: Case of Morocco

This article presents feedback on the implementation of an Artificial Intelligence-based adaptive learning Moodle plugin aimed at enhancing the engagement levels and academic performance of 102 Moroccan high school students. The primary objective of this study was to assess and compare the performance of students utilizing the adaptive learning system with those employing conventional learning methods. To guarantee the efficacy of this approach, a participant satisfaction survey and a comprehensive summative evaluation were conducted, revealing the positive impact of AI-based adaptive learning on the participants. The results of this study highlight the potential benefits of integrating AI-driven adaptive learning into high school computer science curricula, emphasizing how it may raise student engagement and academic performance. These results strengthen the determination to use this teaching methodology with students in future educational activities.