School Teachers In Korea Research Articles

창의적인 교사에 대한 한국과 중국 중학교 교사의 암묵적 지식 비교 연구

Objectives This research was to investigated the implicit knowledge of creative teachers possessed by middle school teachers in Korea and China. the study aimed to analyzed the cross-country variances and contribute to comprehension of the educational systems and cultural characteristics of both nations.
 Methods A survey was administered to a total of 174 middle school teachers in Korea and 187 middle school teachers in China. Participants were requested to freely crticulate the characteristics of creative teachers. The col-lected responses were subsequently analyzed from both cognitive and affective perspectives.
 Results The results revealed that Korean teachers ranked fluency, communication skills, originality, expertise, flexibility, respect, openness, consideration, breaking stereotypes, and encouragement as the foremost charac-teristics of creative teachers, in that order. Conversely, Chinese teachers mentioned originality, communication skills, expertise, applicability, flexibility, progressiveness, passion for education, fluency, respect, and humor as the key traits. While certain cognitive characteristics of creative teachers displayed similarities across both coun-tries, disparities were observed in their affective characteristics. Additionally, both countries placed greater em-phasis on the cognitive aspect of identifying a creative teacher, rather than the affective aspect. Chinese teachers exhibited a higher emphasis on the cognitive aspect than their Korean counterparts.
 Conclusions This study has effectively demonstrated dissimilarties in implicit perceptions regarding creative teachers between Korean and Chinese educators. The findings of this research are anticipates to enhance the un-derstanding of the educational systems and cultural characteristics prevalent in both countries.

An Analysis of Priorities for AI-Digital Competencies of Elementary and Secondary School Teachers in Korea

An Analysis of Priorities for AI-Digital Competencies of Elementary and Secondary School Teachers in Korea

교사 자율성과 성취목표지향성이 ICT 수업 혁신행동에 미치는 영향

This study aims to identify the structural relationship among teachers’ autonomy, achievement goal orientation, digital literacy, innovative teaching behavior with ICT. For this purpose, this study collected data from a total of 693 elementary and secondary school teachers in Korea, and analyzed direct and indirect effects between variables by applying a structural equation model. As a result of the study, teacher's autonomy and teachers' achievement goal orientation had a statically significant effect on teachers' digital literacy, but only teacher's autonomy had a positively significant effect on innovative teaching behaviour with ICT. Teachers' digital literacy had a positively significant effect on innovative teaching behaviour with ICT, and had a mediating effect between teachers' autonomy, achievement goal orientation, and innovative teaching behaviour with ICT. Based on the research results, practical implications and future research directions related to individual and organizational factors that affect teachers' innovative teaching behavior with ICT were presented.

중학교 교사의 교수 실천 유형 분류 및 예측 요인 탐색

Purpose: In this study, the instructional practice types of middle school teachers in Korea were derivedand important factors were explored to classify and predict each instructional practice type.
 Methods: The OECD TALIS 2018 data consisting of 2,308 middle school teachers and 148 middleschool principals in Korea was utilized as analysis data. Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) was conductedto derive instructional practice types, and random forest analysis was conducted to explore importantfactors in classifying and predicting each instructional practice type.
 Results: Five types of instructional practice for middle school teachers in Korea were derived: ‘Active’,‘Unconditional knowledge delivery’, ‘Student control-centered’, ‘Innovative pursuit’, and ‘Inactive’. Important factors classifying and predicting each instructional practice type were common factors(teacherefficacy, regular teacher teaching experience, number of students in target class, class time distribution,subjects) and unique factors(external teaching choice motivation, principal teaching experience, classautonomy, and teacher collaboration).
 Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, educational implications related to support accordingto the types of instructional practice of middle school teachers in Korea were proposed.

An analysis of teacher knowledge for teaching functional thinking to elementary school students

Given the significance of functional thinking at the elementary school level, there has been growing interest in teachers who play a major role in enhancing students’ functional thinking. This study surveyed 119 elementary school teachers in Korea to investigate their knowledge for teaching functional thinking. A written assessment was developed for this study regarding the knowledge of mathematical tasks, instructional strategies, and mathematical discourse to teach functional thinking. The results of this study showed that many teachers could design mathematical tasks corresponding to simple relationships of two quantities but some of them had difficulties in constructing the task for [Formula: see text]. Teachers could explain the affordances of key instructional strategies to foster functional thinking and identify students’ typical errors in recognizing or representing a functional relationship but some explanations included a superficial understanding of the core ideas of functional thinking. Based on these results this article closes with a discussion of several implications regarding the aspects needed for elementary school teachers to further promote students’ functional thinking.

수학 마인드셋에 초점을 둔 초⋅중등 예비교사들의 수학 신념 조사

Objectives It is to examine the mathematical mindsets of pre-primary and secondary school teachers in Korea and the mathematical beliefs that affect them. Methods A survey was conducted on 108 pre-service teachers who will be elementary, middle or high school teachers in the near future and verification of differences between groups was verified using SPSS's t-test and ANOVA. In addition, the correlation between the mathematical mindset and other factors was analyzed. Results The average math beliefs and math mindsets of pre-service teachers were slightly above 3 on a 5-point scale, respectively. In addition, there was a tendency for mathematical beliefs and mathematical mindsets to change negatively as the grade rises. However, although there were no differences by university, gender, and high school, the interaction effect of gender by university was significant in math self-concept, and male students in both universities had higher math self-concept than female students. In addition, math mindsets were found to be correlated with self-concept, mastery orientation, and belief in mathematics. Conclusions As the existence of preliminary teachers with fixed mindsets has been confirmed, teacher education institutions should devise measures to explicitly guide preliminary teachers to the theory of growth.

해방 후 1950년대까지 중등교사 자격제도의 수립과 한계

This study set out to analyze the characteristics of the review process for the authorization of history textbooks during the period of the ‘Course of Study’. The main findings of this study are as follows: This study dealt with the establishment of teacher qualification standards and the problem of unqualified teachers in the expansion of secondary school teachers in Korea from the 1940s to the 1950s. As qualification certification was implemented in step with an increase of secondary education teachers after liberation, teacher qualification standards had to be made. Teacher qualification standards were established, starting with "Elementary and Secondary School Teacher Qualification Standards" (1948) and going through the legislation processes of "Educational Civil Service Qualification Standards" (1953) and Enforcement Regulations (1954). Accordingly, educational background, experience, and retraining standards needed for the provision of teacher certifications such as for regular teachers and assistant teachers were prepared. The establishment of standards led to the occurrence of unqualified teachers. While opportunities for qualification through retraining were provided, acquisition was difficult due to the Korean War. As unqualified people were on the verge of being expelled under the laws of 1945, educational authorities relieved them through simple screenings. Consequentially, policies to maintain teacher standards by establishing teacher qualification standards and certification expiration dates were not carried out and were refracted. This became a precedent and afterwards, it led to teacher policies busy with supply and demand during a period of secondary education expansion.

Determinants and Implications for Creativity Education in Korea: Policy Tools, Street-level Administration, and Implementation Conditions

The success of a policy depends on whether policy tool is appropriately chosen and how they work well to effective policy implementation in complex policy environments. However, only a handful of empirical studies attempt to test the effects of policy tools. This study uses a hierarchical regression analysis with data from both administrative data and survey data gathered from 167 lower secondary school teachers in Korea to examine the effect of key policy tools. The results are as followings: for grant, subject classroom facility grant has statistically significant positive relationships with CE, whereas CE Model School grant does not; for regulation, textbook regulation has statistically significant positive relationships with CE, whereas fewer subjects per a semester regulation does not.

“I may sound like a native speaker…but I’m not”: identities of Korean English teachers with border-crossing experience

ABSTRACT This study examines the identities of Korean English teachers who have lived in various English-speaking countries but now serve as certified public school teachers in Korea. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with seven teachers and analysed via critical discourse analysis. Despite being rated as near-native, the teachers with transnational experience still undervalued their English proficiency, possibly because they compared their proficiency to that of native speakers. They were also found to place emphasis on nativelike pronunciation, particularly American pronunciation. They classified themselves as non-native speakers, stating that they would never be close to native speakers due to innate factors such as nationality or race. The skewed preference towards American English and native speakership was found to be heavily influenced by the socio-cultural ideologies embedded in institutional systems in Korea. These findings reveal the underlying ideologies of English and native speakership in Korea, which highlights the importance of considering teacher’s perceptions of their identities in designing teacher training programmes.

Secondary school science teacher education and quality control in Korea based on the teacher qualifications and the teacher employment test in Korea

The purpose of this article is to examine the quality management of the secondary school science teachers in Korea. To improve the quality of teachers, it takes a coherent policy effort over the entire teaching career including pre-service teacher training, a quality control of teacher employment, and in-service teachers’ professional development. The focus of this article is to explore ways to improve science teacher training and quality control, centering on the teacher employment test of secondary school teachers in Korea. In this context, the curriculum of the science teacher training colleges, which is based on the science teacher professional standards and knowledge base, and the specifics of the teacher employment test are examined. Science teacher education in Korea faces many challenges due to the inconsistency between the supply and demand of science teachers, the decrease in the number of students, the implementation of high school credit system, and so on. Based on the analysis results, ways to improve secondary science teacher education and quality control system are suggested Major suggestions include requirement of completion of basic subjects related to adjacent subjects in science subject areas to solve the out-of-field teaching, necessity of introducing multiple teacher certificates to cope with challenges of reduced class hours due to fewer students, and necessity of reinforcing practice-oriented education in teacher training process to bridge the gap between theory and practice for beginning teachers.

The Public role of school teachers in Korea: For its conceptual reconstruction through its historical tracing

This paper makes a bold attempt to make sense of contemporary Koreans’ common expectation of the educational role of public school teachers by tracing its historical and cultural roots to the neo-Confucian humanistic tradition of the Joseon dynasty in Korea that lasted for about 500 years until Korea began to modernize in the late nineteenth century. In this attempt, the key concepts to be explored as equivalent to the Western idea of ‘liberal learning’ are the Confucian ethics of ‘learning for oneself’ and its relation to schooling and teaching. The discussion focuses on whether and how this ethics of learning can be recovered in such a way as to accommodate the postmodern condition of our society, as the educational legacy of the humanistic tradition of East Asia that can keep the public spirit alive in (post-) modern schooling.

Redesigning a University Entrance Interview Protocol: A Case Study with Pre-Service Elementary School Teachers in Korea

In Korea, a national university admission is made based on a variety of factors like Grade Point Average(GPA), Statement of Purpose(SOP), Letters of Recommendation, as well as other achievement records and/or descriptions of specific qualifications. In reviewing applications, the admissions committee considers GPA, SOP, recommendation letters and other factors are also taken into consideration in the interview process. An interview test is designed to measure the overall ability of pre-service teachers, particularly focusing on their character and nature. Thus, the purpose of this study is intended to understand the admission processes of a national university in Korea, and to design the interview test questions to choose the ideal pre-service teachers who are to work in the public elementary school after graduation. In order to answer this question, a survey questionnaire was distributed to 478 college students and then results were collected and analysed.

중학교 과학 교사의 ICT 활용 실태 국제 비교

본 연구에서는 국제 교육성취도 평가협회가 시행한 ICILS 2013의 교사 설문 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 중학교 과학 교사의 ICT 활용 실태를 다른 나라와 비교하였다. ICILS 2013은 중학교 2학년을 대상으로 하고 있으며, 18개 참여국 중 컴퓨터 정보 소양 점수가 높은 호주, 체코, 노르웨이, 폴란드와 우리나라 과학 교사들의 ICT 활용 실태를 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 ICILS 2013의 교사 설문지 중에서 과학 교사의 ICT 활용 실태를 분석할 수 있는 9문항을 선택하였는데, 문항들은 교사의 컴퓨터 이용 실태, 수업에서 ICT 활용 현황, 학교의 ICT 활용 지원 환경의 범주로 나누어 분석되었다. 우리나라 중학교 과학 교사의 컴퓨터 사용 실태를 보면, 컴퓨터를 비교적 많이 사용하며 컴퓨터에 대한 자아효능감도 다른 나라에 비해 높은 편이었다. 그러나 일반적인 컴퓨터 활용은 잘한다고 응답한 비율이 높지만 교수학습과 관련된 컴퓨터 활용에서는 낮은 자신감을 나타내었다. 수업에서 활용에서도 비교적 다양한 응용프로그램을 사용하지만 프레젠테이션이나 그래픽 소프트웨어에 대한 활용의 비중이 높은 편이고 학습활동이나 교수활동에서도 교사주도의 정보 제공이나 과제 제시에 대한 활동의 비중은 높지만 협업이나 상호작용이 많은 활동에서는 낮은 응답을 나타내었다. 또한 우리나라 과학 교사들은 ICT 활용하는 것에 대해서 긍정적인 관점보다는 부정적인 관점을 많이 가지고 있었다. 학교에서 컴퓨터 관련 자원을 지원하는 정도는 지원이 부족하다고 응답하는 경우가 많았으며 조사 항목 대부분에서 호주나 체코에 비해 지원 정도가 낮다고 응답하였다. 또한 충분한 ICT 기기나 컴퓨터가 구식 모델이고 디지털 학습 자료가 부족하다고 응답하였다. 여기서 드러나 문제점을 개선하기 위해서는 ICT 교육 인프라에 대한 지속적인 지원과 더불어 학생활동 중심의 ICT 교수학습 방법에 대한 개발과 보급이 필요할 것으로 보인다. In this study, we compared the use of information and communications technology (ICT) by middle school teachers in Korea and other countries utilizing the teacher survey data of the IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) 2013. The ICILS target population consisted of all students in the eighth grade. We compared Korea with Australia, the Czech Republic, Norway, and Poland, which are nations showing the highest achievements in computer and information literacy. We selected nine questions from the teacher questionnaire and divided them into the categories of computer use, use of ICT for teaching and learning, and the ICT support environment in school. In comparison to their counterparts in other countries, Korean middle school science teachers used computers frequently and also had high ICT self-efficacy. They were confident in their ability to use computers for general tasks, but not in their ability to use computers for teaching and learning. The Korean teachers also had a high percentage of utilization of presentation and graphics software. Also, the proportion of activities concerning the information provided and teacher-led tasks was high, but the proportion of activities for student collaboration or peer interaction was low. In Korea, middle school science teachers had more negative than positive views of using ICT in teaching and learning. The teachers thought that computer-related resource support and digital learning materials were insufficient and that the computer model was outdated in schools. Therefore, we propose to build an ICT infrastructure and to develop and disseminate ICT teaching and learning methods for student activities.

The Factors influencing Elementary School Teachers` Reporting Intention and Behavior in Relation to Child Abuse

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors associated with reporting intention and behavior in relation to child abuse among elementary school teachers in Korea based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Scale, which includes demographics, preparation level of training, school characteristics, reporting-related behavior, reporting intention, knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy, was used to collect the data. A total of 292 teachers provided data. The result of this study is as follows. First, even though the teachers had suspected the child abuse, 16.3% of them reported, whilst 83.7% of them did not. In terms of teachers` reporting intention, the vignettes of very serious cases were higher than the vignettes of less serious cases. The teachers` reporting intention of sexual abuse was the highest among the types of child abuse, and it was followed by physical abuse, neglect and emotional abuse. Second, knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy, all of these variables had positive impacts on teachers` reporting intention. Meanwhile, self-efficacy, reporting intention, and the support level of specialists also had positive impacts on reporting behavior. Additionally, women or postgraduate teachers had a higher possibility to make a report than men or undergraduate teachers. These findings suggest that increasing self-efficacy through education and more thorough training about identifying and reporting on child abuse is more important than anything else for detecting abused children at an early stage.

Enhancing an Authentic English Training Program for Elementary School Teachers in Korea

Park, Seungwon. “Enhancing an authentic English training program for elementary school teachers in Korea.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 37.3 (2011): 227-42. The purpose of this study is to suggest an authentic model for a teachers’ training program that needs to be implemented and that also reflects the demands of elementary school English teachers. For the needs analysis, a questionnaire was sent to sixty elementary school English teachers who participated in the training courses provided by the university in the summer of 2010. The survey was conducted to check course and program satisfaction and the results of the questionnaire show that the majority of teachers are extremely interested in upgrading their speaking and writing proficiency in English to properly communicate in the academic environment of their own schools. However, some teachers still have an interest in engaging in activities that promote their listening and reading proficiency of English. In particular, most teachers want both native speakers and Korean lecturers to circumscribe themselves to speak English outside the classroom as well as in class. In addition, numerous teachers find it useful to apply the teaching materials provided in the training program to their own classrooms immediately after the courses are ended. In conclusion, this examination implies that the current teachers’ training programs should be reviewed to see if they meet the demands of school teachers in terms of increasing the balance of improvement of the four language skills of English which leads to the participant-friendly training courses. (Korea Nazarene University)

Out-of-field secondary school teachers in Korea: Their realities and implications

Out-of-field secondary school teachers in Korea: Their realities and implications

A Research on the Evaluation of Performance-Based Pay for School Teachers in Korea

A Research on the Evaluation of Performance-Based Pay for School Teachers in Korea

국내 글로브 프로그램 운영 현황 및 지도교사들의 인식

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of GLOBE program in Korea and its perception displayed by the Science High school Teachers. The interview using a questionnaire with 12 science high school teachers in Korea was conducted. It was attempted to find a problem occurring during the practical application for getting a basic data for the development of Korean GLOBE program. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The level of GLOBE program was for upper grade levelsin elementary school and middle school. The program may not be suitable for the Science High School students in Korea. (2) To successfully apply the GLOBE program in Korea, study levels and research subjects in the program must be further developed in terms of quality and areas. Suggestions for the possibility of adopting and operating the program in Korea are made as follows: (1) To effectively manage the GLOBE school sites, there has to be a headquarter system in place and operation under, say, the Korean Earth Science Society. (2) To ensure the program`s identity and goals, it is to set up a center for the Korea GLOBE program with a financial support system established.

Relationships among burnout, social support, and negative mood regulation expectancies of elementary school teachers in Korea

The purposes of this study are as follows: (1) to determine whether burnout among elementary school teachers in Korea differs on selected demographic variables, (2) to investigate the relationship between burnout and negative mood regulation expectancies, as an internal variable, and social support, as an external variable, and (3) to examine the relative effects of these two variables on burnout. As regards burnout differences according to grades under their charge, upper-grade teachers reported experiencing a greater degree of burnout than lower-grade teachers. In particular, a significant difference was found in depersonalization. With respect to the relationships among burnout, social support, and negative mood regulation expectancies, perceived social support in general was associated with a lowered degree of burnout, while negative mood regulation expectancies correlated negatively with burnout. Furthermore, negative mood regulation expectancies, as an internal variable, affected burnout more than social support, as an external variable. This finding suggests that burnout can be alleviated by controlling negative mood regulation expectancies, and therefore, intervention efforts, such as counseling, continuing education, or training programs designed to enhance teachers’ negative mood regulation expectancies, could benefit teachers in reducing their burnout.

Nurses' image perceived by academic and vocational high school teachers in Korea

The purpose of this study was to identify nurses' image and its related factors to make nurses' image among academic and vocational high school teachers in Korea. Study samples were composed of 470 teachers who were from 12 high schools in G and J city located in southwestern part of Korea. Data were collected from August 26 to October 4, 2002. The internal consistency of the total scale was Cronbach's a =.940. In order to make nurses' image, 76.4% of respondents were influenced by the experience of their hospitalization in visiting hospitals. The mean score of nurses' image in general was 3.19+/-0.55; in four subcategories, 3.46+/-0.60 for professional image, 3.28+/-0.69 for traditional image, 2.93+/-0.70 for social image, and 2.91+/-0.64 for vision of nursing career. The mean score of nurses' image in general was more positive significantly in the 50's age group (F=6.43, p=.002) and in male groups (t=2.92, p=.002). On the basis of these findings, nursing professionals need to improve their working conditions, aspiration in job, and autonomy of nurses in their practice fields, monitor the mass media and other publishing materials continuously, and share the appropriate information on nursing profession to the school teachers and the public.