Schools Of Kathmandu Research Articles

Factors Associated with Teacher’s Professional Development for Classroom Delivery: An Evidence from Community School in Kathmandu, Nepal

The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of teacher's professional development on classroom delivery. This study has adopted quantitative research design collecting primary data through the structured questionnaire based on cross sectional data. The findings show that the effectiveness of training beliefs on teachers’ professional development and non-financial benefits have a significant impact on better classroom delivery than the financial rewards and role of training. The study also reveals that the training and capacity development programs have a significant impact on classroom delivery, classroom management, learning and teaching materials, ICT application in the classroom, and professionalism. Thus, findings of the study show that non-financial motivational tools need to introduce for effective and efficient classroom delivery rather than financial rewards. The results of the study would help teachers, planners, local government, and the federal government educational body to take effective action in order to improve teachers’ classroom delivery for better student achievement.

Impact of Social Media Use on Academic Performance and Well-Being among the Secondary Level Students in Selected Schools in Nepal

Introduction: Concerns regarding Academic Performance (AP) and student Well-Being (WB) have grown as a result of the increased usage of Social Media Use (SMU) among Secondary Level Students (SLS). The main aim of this research is to examine the impact of SMU on academic performance and wellbeing among male and female secondary-level students in Nepal. Materials and Methods: In this study, an analytical cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 229 students in Grades 8, 9, and 10 at a boarding school in Kathmandu, using probability-based stratified sampling techniques with two boarding schools as strata. The research tool was a self-administered questionnaire with four sections addressing SMU, AP, and WB, as well as well-structured tools utilized by researchers. All ethical approval was obtained before conducting the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and the t-test. Results: The study examined the relationship between SMU and AP and WB. Neither hypothesis H1 nor H2 was supported, demonstrating no significant impact of SMU on AP or WB. Though, a significant difference in SMU between male and female students was detected. The majority of students were male students who favored using Facebook. Conclusion: Further examination is recommended to fully comprehend the complex association between SMU, AP, and WB. The study highlights the need for guidance and supervision from parents, teachers, and authority figures to prevent undesirable effects on students’ WB and AP. Researchers may suggest models such as emotional intelligence to increase self-awareness, self-management, empathy, and communication. Appropriate policies and models are urgently needed to prevent serious issues related with SMU among students.

Mentoring Teachers during Covid-19: A Collaborative Organizational Approach

Mentoring is an essential part of teacher development. It is generally acknowledged that a master talent in mentoring is the ability to make resources available to a novice protégé to help them educate successfully. This study illustrates how mentorship technique aided in boosting teacher motivation for online instruction during COVID-19. According to the research, learning is successful when there are close relationships between mentors and mentees, opportunities for growth, and a supportive atmosphere. The investigation took place in a Nepalese school in Kathmandu. Ten English Language (EL) instructors from Nursery - 10 participated in the study. They were mentored by the head of the English Department and a computer assistant for two months. The Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) model of mentoring was used, which stood on connectivism philosophy. The study employed a narrative methodology. Semi-structured interview and thematic analysis techniques were used to produce and analyse data. Standing on their stories, the teachers were familiarized with the concept of Web-Enhanced Language Learning (WELL), Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL), and Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Finally, teachers produced technology enhanced lesson plans fusing the content with technology for the new pedagogy. To assess the results of mentoring during the pre-phase, while-phase, and post-phase, in-depth interviews were carried out. The findings highlight the difficulties mentees faced: a lack of confidence or a sense of inferiority in online teaching environment, as well as how self-sufficiency was restored after mentoring. According to the study, effective mentorship can still take place in challenging educational circumstances.

Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Going Children in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Objectives: In order to assess the Intestinal Parasitic infections from the School Going Children of Kathmandu Valley, this study analyzed the proportion of parasitic infection from the stool samples. Methods: Stool samples were collected from two schools of Kathmandu and analyzed for the assessment of intestinal parasites from May to June, 2018. The assessment of intestinal parasites was performed by Direct Microscopy and Formol ether Sedimentation technique and Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Staining was performed for the confirmation of Coccidian parasites. Results: The result is that out of 165 stool samples, intestinal parasites were detected in 28 (16.9%) samples and among them, 13 (46.4%) were protozoa and 15 (53.6%) were helminthes. A total of nine different parasites were recorded in the study. Among them, Taenia spp 5 (17.85%) for helminthes and G. lamblia 5 (17.85%) for protozoans was dominant and the least dominant organism for helminthes was H. diminuta (3.58%), for protozoans C. parvum (3.58%). Among the participants, more females were infected with intestinal parasite than male with majority from age group 13-15 years (23.1%). The distribution of parasites was higher among the students who drank water without treatment. Out of 28 intestinal parasites, 14/69 (20.3%) students showed the positive cases i.e. who drank water without treating followed by 13/70 (17.1%) students who filtered before drinking. The students who drank water after boiling 1/26 (3.8%) showed less distribution of parasites. The distribution of parasites was higher in the students who washed hands only with water on the basis of hand washing habits before eating i.e. 15/80 (18.7%). The distribution of parasites was higher among the students who bite their nail sometimes i.e. 15/76 (19.7%) as compared to the student who never bite their nail 13/89 (14.6%). Conclusion: Intestinal parasite is still a major health problem among the school going children in Nepal. Therefore, the infection preventive measures and school health awareness activities should continue.

Evaluation of Orthodontic Treatment Need—An Ethnic and Gender Prospective

Introduction: Index for Orthodontic Treatment Need is a widely used index to assess the orthodontic treatment need among various populations. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare orthodontic treatment needs of Nepali among gender and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: A total of 800 children (400 males and 400 females) above 14 years of age were selected from different schools of Kathmandu using multistage sampling technique. The study sample was grouped into 2 ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan and Janajati. Two trained and calibrated examiners examined school-going children using Index for Orthodontic Treatment Need tool. Statistical comparison of the study variables by gender and ethnicity was done. Results: Dental Health Component showed 36.75% male and 34.5% female, and 39% Indo-Aryan and 29.76% Janajati had great treatment need. The Aesthetic Component (AC) showed 13.75% male and 12.25% female, and 12.5% Indo-Aryan 14.58% Janajati had great/severe need. Conclusions: Males had great/severe need of treatment for both Dental Health Component and Aesthetic Component (AC). Indo-Aryan showed higher degree of great/severe need for Dental Health Component and lesser degree of great/severe need for Aesthetic Component (AC) than Janajati.

Popular bullying pattern among teenage students: A study of some school students in Kathmandu

Background: Bullying in itself has several impacts and entire world had been seeking solution for it. Bullying starts from the primary state of growth which begins from school. Bullying has its various type and impact. Aggression is one of the prominent factors for it. Objectives To study the nature of bullying in some schools of Kathmandu. To compare bullying pattern among community and private schools. To find out types of bully among the students. To find out aggressive and behavior of students involved in bullying Method: Descriptive with purposive sampling method was used and SPSS was used for data analysis. Discussion: There were 200 respondents where 100 were male and 100 were females. Mean score of male bully (38.08) and female (30.70). There were 83 respondents from community school and 117 from private school. Numbers of boys are higher in bullying, as bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Bullying students have higher aggression. Bullying occurs both in community and private school but it’s more in community school and so was aggression. Verbal bullying was higher in teenager than social and physical bullying. There was significant positive correlation between bully and victim, aggression and bully and bully and behavior. Conclusion: Verbal bullying was higher than that of physical and social pattern of bullying. If gender was taken in count male bully more than female. Comparing schools, community school has higher bullying than private schools.

Popular Bullying Pattern among Teenage Students: A Study of some School Students in Kathmandu

Background: Bullying in itself has several impacts and entire world had been seeking solution for it. Bullying starts from the primary state of growth, which begins from school. Bullying has its various type and impact. Aggression is one of the prominent factor for it. Objectives: 1. To study the nature of bullying in some schools of Kathmandu. 2. To compare bullying pattern among community and private schools. 3. To find out types of bully among the students. 4. To find out aggressive and behavior of students involved in bullying Method: Descriptive with purposive sampling method was used and SPSS was used for data analysis. Discussion: There were 200 respondents where 100 were male and 100 were females. Mean score of male bully (38.08) and female (30.70). There were 83 respondents from community school and 117 from private school. Numbers of boys are higher in bullying, as bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Bullying students have higher aggression. Bullying occurs both in community and private school but it is more in community school and so was aggression. Verbal bullying was higher in teenagers than social and physical bullying. There was significant positive correlation between bully and victim, aggression and bully and bully and behavior. Conclusion: Verbal bullying was higher than that of physical and social pattern of bullying. If gender was taken in count, male bully more than female. Comparing schools, community school has higher bullying than private schools.

High School Students’ Mathematics Anxiety: Discouragement, Abuse, Fear, and Dilemma Induced through Adults’ Verbal Behaviour

Mathematics anxiety in students seems to be one of the most common phenomena in mathematics teaching and learning worldwide. However, mathematics anxiety induced through the verbal behaviour of other people is an understudied area in mathematics education. This paper aimed to investigate the influence of the verbal behaviour of older people on the students’ interest and choice in studying mathematics. Ten grade-nine students studying in a high school in Kathmandu participated in semi-structured interviews. A descriptive qualitative research design, followed by a thematic analysis of the data through primary, secondary, and tertiary coding, identified four major themes related to the verbal behaviour of elders that induced mathematics anxiety in the students. These themes were discouragement, abuse, fear, and dilemma due to adults’ verbal behaviour when choosing mathematics as an optional subject in high school. The study results have educational implications in terms of the way teachers and parents express their viewpoints and interest in mathematics and related subjects may affect students’ interests and attitudes toward mathematics.

Underachieving Students’ Mathematical Learning Experience in the Classrooms in Nepal

There is limited evidence of underachieving students’ mathematical experiences and the challenges they face in mathematics classes in the context of Nepal. This study explores the lived experiences of underachiever students in learning mathematics in a public school in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study participants were three ninth-grade students (two females and one male) who failed mathematics and repeated the grade. A sequence of in-depth interviews was administered with each participant to explore their lived experience of mathematics. The participants’ narratives were constructed based on the temporal sequence of event analysis concerning their mathematics learning experience. Their narratives revealed three critical concerns in their experience of learning mathematics: mathematics is complicated, mathematics is abstract, and mathematics learning is rote memorization. Change of schools was one of the main reasons they had difficulty adjusting to the new environment, affecting their mathematics learning. Another concern they revealed was the obligation to support their parents during the out of school time or even during school time and being frequently absent in the class.

Classroom Management: Glocalized Contexts

This research based article discusses on issues and practices of classroom management from the local perspectives. It is based on the context of public school of Nepal. The participant is an EFL teacher of public school in Kathmandu, teaching in middle school and secondary level there. The classroom management practices in the EFL teacher’s classes are seen using classroom observation tool, in her classes of both the levels for a week using qualitative framework. The findings show the traditional practice still dominating the classroom activities. Therefore the article is based on the issues of classroom management being specific to the seating arrangements, discipline, peer work, group work, space, presentation, and time management in the public school where classroom observation has been done.

Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Secondary Schools’ Students Perception

The COVID-19 has resulted in closure of educational institution across the world. Online learning had played a vital role in the process of teaching and learning during this pandemic. There was a shift of face to face teaching learning to online. The objective of this study was to explore the perception towards online learning of the students of secondary level students. It also identified student responses to online teaching, offered by their schools during the period of the COVID 19 pandemic. This study has utilized a survey research design with a quantitative approach. For this study, secondary level students of Kathmandhu were taken as population. A web-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 282 secondary level students from two schools of Kathmandu who had participated in the online classes during this COVID-19 pandemic. A structured questionnaire consisting of 21 items covering students' perception domain was distributed to the students using Google Form. The study found that the majority of the students 74% were satisfied with online learning. The finding of the study revealed that there was statistically significant in the association of students' satisfaction in software used in online class since the p value is less than 0.05 and the relationship between the software used in an online class and students' satisfaction is modest.

Permanent First Molars Clinical Status among School Children Aged 8-12 Years in Kathmandu

Introduction: Common oral diseases affecting school children are dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusion. Teeth mostly affected by dental caries in permanent dentition of children are the permanent first molars. Permanent first molars are key factors in occlusion and are most susceptible to dental caries. They maintain arch perimeter and provide best anchorage. Loss of these teeth leads to various problems like space management, tooth migration, problem in mastication and malocclusion.
 Objective: To assess the clinical status of first permanent molars among 8-12 year school children of Kathmandu.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 220 schoolchildren of age 8-12 years randomly selected from 2 private and 2 public schools of Kathmandu. Dental caries, gingival and oral hygiene status were measured by Decayed Missing Filled teeth (DMFT) index, Gingival index and Oral hygiene index-Simplified (OHI-S) respectively. Data was entered in Epidata 3.1 and analyzed in SPSS version 20.
 Results: The prevalence of dental caries in first permanent molars for study population was 54.5%. Mean DMFT score of first permanent molars was 0.96+1.2. Out of 867 molars examined, 197 (22.7%) were decayed. 98.5% of molars were erupted. Among the total study population, 184 (83.6%) had fair oral hygiene and 203 (83%) had gingivitis.
 Conclusions: This study shows the need to improve oral health status of first permanent molars of school children through promotion of dental health awareness and curative public health measures at school level.

Lack of association between academic achievement and social phobia among high school students of Kathmandu

Objectives: The general objective of this research was to see if academic achievement significantly relates with social anxiety of high school students. There were other specific and auxiliary objectives also. One among these was to gather prevalence data of social anxiety among adolescents of Kathmandu. Method: A survey was conducted among 696 high school students of Kathmandu to see if academic achievement was associated with their social phobia. Convenient sample from a high school was used. Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), a self-report test, was used to measure social anxiety disorder of adolescent students. Some demographic data were also collected. Data were organized in MS Excel and analysed in SPSS. Results: The prevalence of ‘very severe’ social phobia among boys was 2.01% and girls had that of 1.71%. One-way ANOVA showed that academic achievement did not have a relationship with social phobia, F (2, 613) = 1.74, p > 0.05. Conclusions: Academic achievement was not associated with social phobia among students of a high school in Kathmandu. Boys have more prevalence of severe forms of social anxiety than girls when they are in adolescence.

Lack of Association between Academic Achievement and Social Phobia among High School Students of Kathmandu

Abstract Objectives The general objective of this research was to see if academic achievement significantly relates with social anxiety of high school students. There were other specific and auxiliary objectives also. One among these was to gather prevalence data of social anxiety among adolescents of Kathmandu. Method A survey was conducted among 696 high school students of Kathmandu to see if academic achievement was associated with their social phobia. Convenient sample from a high school was used. Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), a self-report test, was used to measure social anxiety disorder of adolescent students. Some demographic data were also collected. Data were organized in MS Excel and analysed in SPSS. Results The prevalence of ‘very severe’ social phobia among boys was 2.01% and girls had that of 1.71%. One-way ANOVA showed that academic achievement did not have a relationship with social phobia, F (2, 613) = 1.74, p > 0.05. Conclusions Academic achievement was not associated with social phobia among students of a high school in Kathmandu. Boys have more prevalence of severe forms of social anxiety than girls when they are in adolescence.

Efficacy of HIV/AIDS Related Educational Package on Awareness and High-Risk Behavior of Adolescent Students in Kathmandu Metropolitan City

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are among the most complex health problems of the 21st century. Young people aged 15 - 24 years are the HIV/AIDS at risk group. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational interventional program on knowledge on HIV/AIDS among adolescent students of higher secondary school in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: The study was the pre test - post test experimental study design with an experimental and a control group conducted in the randomly selected eighteen higher secondary schools. The intervention, educational package on HIV/AIDS, was provided to all grade twelve students in the intervention group from 1st September, 2017 to 2nd January, 2018. In total, 321 from the intervention group, and 283 from the control enrolled at baseline and over 95% of these were followed up at posttest. The data were collected from self-administered questionnaires in English version and analyzed by using independence t-test and paired t-test. Results: Overall pretest knowledge of both intervention and control groups was comparable with 27.58 ± 4.05 and 28.53 ± 3.77 mean ± standard deviation respectively. But statistical analysis showed significant higher knowledge (P = 0.03) among control group. After the educational intervention, the mean knowledge score of control group increased by only 0.47, whereas the same score increased by 11.57 and reached 39.15 ± 3.7 in post-test for intervention group. The difference in post-test score was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). The finding indicates that the educational intervention was effective in changing the HIV/AIDS knowledge of students of intervention group. The differences in pre- and post-test knowledge scores of both intervention and control groups were statistically significant with P-value of 0.000 and 0.003 respectively. The findings of sexual risk behavior showed that 6.7% of controls and 16.8% of intervention group students reported having sexual relations. Conclusion: Educational intervention was efficacious in improving awareness of adolescent students on HIV/AIDS. The study has also indicated that remarkable numbers of adolescents are practicing high risk behavior for HIV/AIDS like having early initiation sexual intercourse, multiple sex partners, using alcohol before intercourse etc. There is need to promote education program among higher secondary schools to multiply the effects of providing opportunities to equip students with factual information on HIV/AIDS.

Hypertension and its Determinants Among School Going Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Study in Nepal

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Introduction: Hypertension is a chronic life threatening non- communicable disease. It increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases even leading to premature death. Almost half of the adults with hypertension had elevated blood pressure during childhood. With globalisation and lifestyle changes, adolescents are exposed to various risk factors. However, diagnosis in this population is difficult due to absence of symptoms. Thus, regular blood pressure screening is essential in these groups. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of hypertension and its determinants among the school going adolescents of Kathmandu, Nepal.&#x0D; Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study which included five private secondary schools of Kathmandu, Nepal. The adolescent students studying in classes VIII, IX and X were the study subjects. Two stage cluster random sampling technique was used to select 356 participants. Data collection was done by doing anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurement and through self administered questionnaire.&#x0D; Results: The study depicted that the prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 12.4%, stage 1 hypertension 32.3% and stage 2 hypertension 9.8%. Similarly, 13.8% were overweight and 1.4% were obese. Bivariate analysis depicted significant association of prevalence of hypertension with gender, religion and obesity (p &lt; 0.05). The multivariate analysis shows that the significant predictors of elevated blood pressure and/or hypertension were gender and obesity. Males were six times more likely to have elevated blood pressure (AOR = 6.058, CI = 2.571 - 14.274) and 2.8 times more likely to be hypertensive (AOR = 2.838, CI = 1.688 - 4.773) compared to females. Similarly, compared to obese/ overweight students, thin and normally built ones have less likelihood of having elevated blood pressure and hypertension.&#x0D; Conclusions: Hypertension has been prevalent among adolescents, due to various behavioural risk factors. This is really challenging and of public health significance. Regular screening of adolescents is essential for early detection and management of hypertension.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Leadership Practice of a School Administrator: A Narrative Inquiry

This paper presents a narrative inquiry into a school administrator of a high school in Kathmandu. The objectives of the study were to explore how an administrator makes meanings of his leadership practice and why he enacts leadership the way he does. Using narrative inquiry as a research method and intersecting the narrative analysis by drawing on Bush’s (2010) three dimensions of leadership, the researcher evaluated Rupak’s role as an administrator, made meaning of his perceptions and contested his assumed responsibilities with the responsibilities he has been assuming. Among the three leadership dimensions – influence, values and vision, it was perceived from the participant’s personal practical experience that all three dimensions did not emerge in a linear sequence. Values and vision may be the driving force of the participant’s leadership practice whereas influence may or may not be intentional. By bringing forth the participant’s first-hand accounts it is hoped that the findings will facilitate to generate a new understanding of educational leadership, management and administration, gain an insight into the reconceptualization of leadership and may have useful implications for those who are taking up a new role of an organization, be it fledging or well-established, to excel themselves.

Development and Implementation of Instrument on Science Teachers’ Self-Efficacy towards Student Engagement

Researchers found that the teachers’ self-efficacy can help to promote the constructivist approaches of engaged teaching learning activities such as group works and better classroom management. However, few studies have focused particularly on examining science teachers’ self-efficacy on student engagement but not toward three dimensions of behavioral, cognitive and emotional engagement of learning. In this sense the major goal of this study was to develop a reliable, valid, and efficient questionnaire to assess science teacher’s self-efficacy towards three dimensions of student engagement. An instrument for measuring secondary school science teachers self –efficacy belief was developed and standardized. With this instrument a survey study on the level of self-efficacy of science teachers was performed with representative sample of 150 secondary school science teachers from community schools of Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts of Nepal . The level of efficacy on each constructs across all demographic variables except ethnicity was found to be moderately high. Dalit teachers’ efficacy level on behavioral engagement of student was found to be moderate. Significant relationships were not established between self-efficacy and any demographic variables, such as gender, age, experience, qualification, and ethnicity. The discussions of the findings were based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.

Leadership Style and Student Satisfaction:Mediation of Teacher Effectiveness

Teacher leadership style, his/her teaching effectiveness, and student satisfaction are considered to be the key to enhancing effective teaching-learning experiences in educational setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teacher leadership styles and student satisfaction, and investigate if teacher effectiveness mediated the relationship. One hundred thirteen graduate management students and 11 management teachers participated in the survey conducted in a business school in Kathmandu, Nepal. Results suggest that teacher’s effectiveness is significantly predicted by teacher’s transformational leadership style and is also a significant predictor of student satisfaction. Also, teacher effectiveness was found to partially mediate the relationship between teacher’s transformational leadership and student satisfaction, with teacher’s transformational style predicting student satisfaction. Limitations of the study are identified, important implications and future research issues are discussed.

Gender Role in Global Personal Self-Esteem and Narcissism among Nepalese School Adolescents

Introduction: Global personal self-esteem and narcissism with reference to gender role among school adolescents was studied in Kathmandu. The general aim of this research was to explore the correlation in global personal self-esteem and narcissism with response to gender among Nepalese school adolescents.Methodology: The study was correlational in design employing a pen-and-paper self-report survey. Within the survey, instruments (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale 1979 / RSES and Narcissistic Personality Inventory 1981/ NPI) measured the global personal self-esteem and narcissism. Participants were drawn from thirty (fifteen public and fifteen private) schools of Kathmandu. These schools were chosen in random selection. The number of participations was 936 school students.Results: The study investigated the prevalence of global personal self-esteem in the school with reference to gender. The result from the survey indicates that there is no significant difference between self-esteem and gender. On the other hand, girls are reported slightly higher narcissistic behaviour than boys.Conclusion: Self-esteem is how people feel about themselves generally. This study explored the prevalence rates of global personal self-esteem with reference to gender. It showed that there is no significant correlation between them. On the other hand, narcissism is a psychological condition defined as a total obsession with self, to the exclusion of almost all other interaction with people. The present study explored the prevalence rates of narcissism with reference to gender. It showed that girls reported slightly higher narcissistic behaviour than boys’ which contradicts the previous findings. Why it is found so in the Nepalese context is left for further research.