Homes Of Schoolchildren Research Articles

Exploring Children's Knowledge of Healthy Eating, Digital Media Use, and Caregivers' Perspectives to Inform Design and Contextual Considerations for Game-Based Interventions in Schools for Low-Income Families in Lima, Peru: Survey Study.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren is increasing in Peru. Given the increased use of digital media, there is potential to develop effective digital health interventions to promote healthy eating practices at schools. This study investigates the needs of schoolchildren in relation to healthy eating and the potential role of digital media to inform the design of game-based nutritional interventions. This study aims to explore schoolchildren's knowledge about healthy eating and use of and preferences for digital media to inform the future development of a serious game to promote healthy eating. A survey was conducted in 17 schools in metropolitan Lima, Peru. The information was collected virtually with specific questions for the schoolchild and their caregiver during October 2021 and November 2021 and following the COVID-19 public health restrictions. Questions on nutritional knowledge and preferences for and use of digital media were included. In the descriptive analysis, the percentages of the variables of interest were calculated. We received 3937 validated responses from caregivers and schoolchildren. The schoolchildren were aged between 8 years and 15 years (2030/3937, 55.8% girls). Of the caregivers, 83% (3267/3937) were mothers, and 56.5% (2223/3937) had a secondary education. Only 5.2% (203/3937) of schoolchildren's homes did not have internet access; such access was through WiFi (2151/3937, 54.6%) and mobile internet (1314/3937, 33.4%). In addition, 95.3% (3753/3937) of schoolchildren's homes had a mobile phone; 31.3% (1233/3937) had computers. In relation to children's knowledge on healthy eating, 42.2% (1663/3937) of schoolchildren did not know the recommendation to consume at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, 46.7% (1837/3937) of schoolchildren did not identify front-of-package warning labels (FOPWLs), and 63.9% (2514/3937) did not relate the presence of an FOPWL with dietary risk. Most schoolchildren (3100/3937, 78.7%) preferred to use a mobile phone. Only 38.3% (1509/3937) indicated they preferred a computer. In addition, 47.9% (1885/3937) of caregivers considered that the internet helps in the education of schoolchildren, 82.7% (3254/3937) of caregivers gave permission for schoolchildren to play games with digital devices, and 38% (1495/3937) of caregivers considered that traditional digital games for children are inadequate. The results suggest that knowledge about nutrition in Peruvian schoolchildren has limitations. Most schoolchildren have access to the internet, with mobile phones being the device type with the greatest availability and preference for use. Caregivers' perspectives on games and schoolchildren, including a greater interest in using digital games, provide opportunities for the design and development of serious games to improve schoolchildren's nutritional knowledge in Peru. Future research is needed to explore the potential of serious games that are tailored to the needs and preferences of both schoolchildren and their caregivers in Peru in order to promote healthy eating.

Access to ICT at Argentine elementary school children's homes and its impact on school achievements.

This article analyzes the relationship between access to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and school performance. It contributes to the empirical literature in the area since there is no consensus yet. Moreover, the context associated with COVID-19 pandemic also considers the analysis as the most relevant. The goal of this article is to study the impact of ICT on school performance at elementary level. The hypothesis set forth is that having both a computer and connection to Internet at the students' homes, improves their school related achievements. To contrast it, we propose an econometric model using the Propensity Matching Score (PSM) methodology with data from the Learning 2018 (Aprender 2018) campaign of students at the last year of elementary school in Argentina and in each of the regions that conform it. Finally, there is evidence in favor of the hypothesis.

The Role of Parents in Guiding Children to Learn Online During the Covid 19 Pandemic

The covid 19 pandemic has led to the issuance of rules for studying from home for school children and working from home for teachers. The current situation demands maximum involvementof parents and restore the nature of children’s education in the family. The role of parents in guilding children is very much, parents not only function as the firdt and foremost place for children’s education in shaping character but now have an additional role as second teachers for children in learning at home. Accompanying children when studying is something that is very important for children, namely to build closeness between parents and children, especially when at home during this pandemic. One of its roles is to familiarize children to always study hard in the online learning process. Some ways that can be done by parents are supervising, paying attention to children in doing school assignments, providing anthuasasm and motivation for children in the learning process.

Socioeconomic and sociodemographic determinants associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among mothers and homes of schoolchildren in Jalisco

Introduction: increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is a priority. It has been prioritized as a fundamental objective of public policies worldwide. Given that such consumption in schoolchildren in Jalisco (Mexico) is below the dietary recommendations it is crucial to identify the determinants that influence this consumption to promote the development of contextualized actions that improve it. Objective: to identify the socioeconomic and sociodemographic determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption among mothers and households of schoolchildren in Jalisco, Mexico. Method: an analytical, cross-sectional study carried out during the first quarter of 2020. A validated food consumption frequency and a questionnaire on sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were used for its development. Results: a lower educational level of the mothers of schoolchildren was associated with a lower consumption of vegetables by schoolchildren. In turn, a lower household income level was associated with a lower consumption of fruits in schoolchildren. Conclusions: a low educational level of mothers and a low household income were determinants associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in schoolchildren. However, there were differences in the determinants for fruits and vegetables. It is essential to consider these factors and their differences in order to plan actions that contribute to improving fruit and vegetable intake in the school population.

The educational value of internet use in the home for school children: A systematic review of literature

This article presents a systematic review of literature that explores the educational value of the Internet in the home for school aged children. Research published between 2008 and 2018 was examined and 67 items were analyzed. A range of positive, negative and neutral correlations or outcomes of home Internet use were identified across the three functions of education; academic achievement and skills, developing the individual and socialization. Overall, there were significantly more positive correlations or outcomes reported. We conclude that there is educational value in home Internet use and the value is influenced by the nature of online activities.

Huck (Hound) and Jim (Crow): Syndicated Television Cartoons and Southern Segregation

Huck (Hound) and Jim (Crow): Syndicated Television Cartoons and Southern Segregation Christopher P. Lehman In 1953, a Democratic Alabama state legislator named Sam Englehardt, Jr., was worried for the future of segregation. The US Supreme Court had just convened to hear arguments in Brown v. Board of Education, and the lawyers advocating for the plaintiffs were proposing that “separate but equal”—the legal principle that served as the foundation of Jim Crow—had no constitutionality in public schools. In addition, the opening remarks in the land’s highest court came just one month after the Republican Party had won national contests in the executive and legislative branches of government, victories achieved when the South was solidly a Democratic region. The country had even elected its first Republican president in two decades. President-Elect Dwight Eisenhower was noncommittal on civil rights, but his two most recent predecessors in the White House had approved desegregation of the defense industry and the US military. Meanwhile, the congressional elections had resulted in a Republican majority after four years of a Democratic Congress. The prospect of the demise of segregation in public schools thus added insult to these injuries for Englehardt and other southern, segregationist Democrats.1 Englehardt sought salvation in the new medium of television. In January 1953, he stood at the Alabama Capitol to deliver a proposal: establish a state-owned television system to broadcast public school curricula into the homes of schoolchildren (effectively, a mid-20th-century version of online education). If the Supreme Court were to ban segregation, all children (but particularly whites) could still receive an education without having to physically attend a desegregated public school. “There would be no problem of segregation if instruction were beamed directly into people’s homes,” he reasoned, with seeming magnanimity. He also called for “TV school reception centers” (akin to the “Internet Cafes” of the late 1990s and early 2000s) across the state for people who could not afford television sets, allowing for even the poorest of children to avoid integration.2 At the time, television stations throughout the country catered to children mainly by providing animated-film entertainment for them. Cartoons were among the earliest programs on the air in the late 1940s and early ’50s, and both black and white children in the segregated South saw them simultaneously, but of course separately. Motion-picture studios offered their animation libraries to television syndication companies, who then contracted with individual television stations for the broadcasting of the films. These programs usually aired on weekday afternoons, and children watched them at home after dismissed from their segregated schools. Most of the cartoons themselves belonged to pre-segregation television culture, filmed in black-and-white instead of [End Page 4] Technicolor—a decade older than the children viewing them on television. The Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board decision in May 1954 became the context in which some people expressed concern for how southern television programming affected its white juvenile viewers, because many young white southerners, often not even in the Deep South, expressed intense hostility about the verdict’s outlawing of segregated public schools. When a new academic year began that fall, European American students of seven schools in southern Delaware boycotted the facilities over integration. Meanwhile, mobs protested and rioted in several cities in West Virginia. The film trade periodical Hollywood Reporter printed a rare political commentary in response, in November, and in doing so the newspaper was one of the few media journals to speak out against the violence. The Reporter warned that stereotyped films caused potential harm to European American children. Noticing a link between “the behavior of these teenage Americans” and “all the agencies contributing to their education,” the periodical asked, “Does the characterization of Negroes in movies and television shows aid or hinder the realization of the Supreme Court’s decision on segregation?” The Reporter specifically named animation as part of the problem. “Negro actors and entertainers…appear often, and in vicious stereotype, in the old movies, shorts, and cartoons that fill the bulk of TV time,” the journal complained, and the “so-called ‘children’s programs,’ which depend on ancient movie product, are the worst offenders...

Body mass index and association with use of and distance from places for physical activity and active leisure among schoolchildren in Brazil. Cross-sectional study.

We evaluated associations between use of public places for physical activity and active leisure (PAAL) and their distances from subjects' homes and indicators of overweight and obesity, among schoolchildren from different socioeconomic levels, in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 2,152 schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years, enrolled at 30 public and private schools. The exposure variables were the use of public places for PAAL in the neighborhood and their distance from schoolchildren's homes. The outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted according to income strata. Among the schoolchildren from low-income families, living closer to parks/playgrounds was associated with lower BMI (β = -2.15; 95% confidence interval, CI = -2.53; -1.77) and lower WC (β = -0.11 95% CI = -0.17; -0.05), while living at these distances from football pitches was associated with higher BMI (β = 1.73; 95% CI = 0.31; 3.15) and larger WC measurements (β = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.005; 0.14). Among the schoolchildren in low-income groups, living at an intermediate distance from beaches was associated with lower BMI (β = -1.10; 95% CI = -1.61; -0.59). Living closer to parks/playgrounds was associated with lower BMI and WC among schoolchildren from low-income families. Living closer to football pitches was associated with higher BMI and WC among these schoolchildren. Living at intermediate distances from beaches was associated with lower BMI among these schoolchildren.

The carry-over effects of school gardens on fruit and vegetable availability at home: A randomized controlled trial with low-income elementary schools

This group-randomized controlled trial examines the effects of a school garden intervention on availability of fruits and vegetables (FV) in elementary school children's homes. Within each region, low income U.S. schools in Arkansas, Iowa, New York, and Washington State were randomly assigned to intervention group (n = 24) or waitlist control group (n = 22). Children were in grades 2, 4, and 5 at baseline (n = 2768). The garden intervention consisted of both raised-bed garden kits and a series of grade-appropriate lessons. FV availability at home was measured with a modified version of the GEMS FJV Availability Questionnaire. The instrument was administered at baseline (Fall 2011) and throughout the intervention (Spring 2012, Fall 2012, Spring 2013). Analyses were completed using general linear mixed models. The garden intervention led to an overall increase in availability of low-fat vegetables at home. Among younger children (2nd grade at baseline), the garden intervention led to greater home availability of vegetables, especially, low-fat vegetables. Moreover, for the younger group, garden intervention fidelity (GIF) or robustness predicted home availability of fruit, vegetables, and low-fat vegetables. School gardens have potential to affect FV availability in the home environment.

The toxic effects of indoor atmospheric fine particulate matter collected from allergic and non-allergic families in Wuhan on mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Recent studies have shown that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes and PM2.5-induced oxidative stress is now commonly known as a proposed mechanism of PM2.5-mediated toxicity. However, the association between allergic symptoms in children and exposure to PM2.5 has not been fully elucidated, particularly the role of PM2.5 on the indoor environment involved in allergy or non-allergy is unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore whether indoor PM2.5 from the homes of children with allergic symptoms had more increased risks of allergy than that of healthy ones and then compare the toxicity and inflammatory response of them. In this study, indoor PM2.5 was collected from the homes of schoolchildren with allergic symptoms and those of healthy ones respectively, and components of PM2.5 were analyzed. PM2.5-mediated oxidative damage and inflammatory response were further evaluated in mouse peritoneal macrophages based on its effects on the levels of reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage or cytokine production. It seems that oxidative stress may contribute to PM2.5-induced toxicity, and PM2.5 from the allergic indoor environment produced more serious toxic effects and an inflammatory response on mouse peritoneal macrophages than that from a non-allergic indoor environment.

Primary pollutants in schoolchildren's homes in Wuhan, China

In 2013, field campaigns were performed in the naturally ventilated homes of ten schoolchildren living in Wuhan's urban area, with purpose to ascertain the primary indoor pollutants that have been associated with respiratory and allergic health in children. According to the 2-week monitoring, mean temperature and relative humidity were 19.5 °C and 60% in autumn and 12.7 °C and 55% in winter, respectively; mean level of carbon dioxide (CO2) was 525 ppm in autumn and 748 ppm in winter. Particulate matter (PM) led to the most severe indoor air pollution with 94% of gravimetric concentrations of PM2.5 far beyond 75 μg/m3. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio of PM2.5 level varied between 0.72 and 1.04; furthermore, statistical analysis proved that indoor PM level was significantly associated with outdoor level (R2 ≥ 0.93, p < 0.001, n = 16). Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in air samples were always at the levels far below the recommended limits, 100 μg/m3 and 48 μg/m3, respectively; but total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) were higher than the national standard of 600 μg/m3 in some homes. Furthermore, high levels of di(2-ethylexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were frequently detected in house dust. The results showed that airborne Aspergillus and Penicillium caused some concerns of fungal pollution in autumn. In conclusion, in the homes of the schoolchildren in Wuhan's urban area, airborne PM, and DEHP and DBP in house dust are primary pollutants; sometimes TVOCs also lead to indoor air pollution; in addition, airborne fungal components indicate to be a contributing factor to indoor pollution of concern in warm environment.

Sanitation behavior among schoolchildren in a multi-ethnic area of Northern rural Vietnam

BackgroundIn Vietnam, efforts are underway to improve latrine use in rural and remote areas with particular focus on increasing coverage of sanitation in schools. However, there is a lack of information on how the school program affects latrine use by schoolchildren and at community level. This paper analyzes sanitation use among schoolchildren in a multi-ethnic area to inform future school-based sanitation promotion programmes.MethodsA combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was applied during a 5 months period in six primary and secondary schools and in the homes of schoolchildren in four different ethnic villages in Northern rural Vietnam. Using a structured questionnaire, 319 children were interviewed face-to-face to collect quantitative data. Qualitative methods included extensive observations at schools and in the homes of 20 children, a single day's diary writings of 234 children, in-depth interviews with children (20), their parents (20) and school staff (10), and focus group discussions with parents (4) and teachers (6), and picture drawing with children (12).ResultsAll surveyed schools had student latrines. However, the observed schoolchildren most commonly urinated and defecated in the open. Main barriers for latrine use included inadequate number of latrines, limited accessibility to latrines, lack of constant water supply in latrines and lack of latrine maintenance by school management. Programs promoting latrine use for children were not conducted in either schools or communities and were not established as a preferred social norm in such settings. Children perceived existing school latrines as unappealing and expressed a wish to have basic, functional, clean, and colorful school latrines with privacy.ConclusionsThe paper shows that the current school based sanitation promotion is insufficient to change sanitation behavior of school children irrespective of their ethnicity. It is important that schools, households and communities work more closely together to increase use and uptake of latrine use among schoolchildren. Also, the contractors of latrine facilities must work more closely with local school management when constructing latrines, including identifying location, design and appropriate systems of water supply. A separate budget needs to be allocated to allow the school to maintain the sanitation infrastructure and keep it hygienic and appealing for users.

Spatial analysis of dental trauma in 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Curitiba, Brazil

The purpose of this study was to build epidemiological indicators on the experience of dental trauma in 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, exploring its geographical and population distributions. A geographic information system (GIS) was used, built by means of ArcView GIS 3.2 software and geographical databases of streets and districts defined within the boundaries of the city of Curitiba, provided by Curitiba's Institute of Research and Public Planning (IPPUC). The database used in the study was compiled based on an epidemiological survey undertaken in 1998 on a sample of 2126 schoolchildren 12 years old, residing in outlying urban suburbs distributed over 29 micro-areas in the city of Curitiba. The cases selected for this study were those with a history of dental trauma, thereby comprising a subsample of 327 schoolchildren. The spatial location of the schoolchildren's homes enabled the events to be visualized on a cartographic basis. The variables of gender, aetiology of the trauma and areas of substandard living conditions were included in the analysis and construction of thematic maps, thus making possible a descriptive analysis of the spatial distribution of dental trauma in the city. Intra-urban differentials were identified in the prevalence of dental trauma in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Curitiba. A greater concentration of occurrences was observed in the eastern region of the city, especially in areas of substandard living conditions. It was possible to conclude that socio-environmental and geophysical factors are associated with the determination of dental trauma in the city of Curitiba, pointing to the need for the development of public policies especially aimed at areas and populations at greater risk.

Remaining challenges in Tanzania's efforts to eliminate iodine deficiency

To determine iodine levels in salt and iodine deficiency prevalence in school-aged children in 16 districts in Tanzania with previous severe iodine deficiency. A cross-sectional study in schoolchildren. Systematic probability sampling was used to select schools and subjects for goitre assessment and urinary iodine determination. Sixteen districts randomly selected from the 27 categorised as severely iodine-deficient in Tanzania. The study population was primary-school children aged 6-18 years who were examined for goitre prevalence and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Salt samples from schoolchildren's homes and from shops were tested for iodine content. The study revealed that 83.3% of households (n=21,160) in the surveyed districts used iodised salt. Also, 94% of sampled shops (n=397) sold iodised salt, with a median iodine level of 37.0 ppm (range 4.2-240 ppm). Median UIC in 2089 schoolchildren was 235.0 microg l(-1) and 9.3% had UIC values below 50 microg l(-1). The overall unweighted mean visible and total goitre prevalence was 6.7% and 24.3%, respectively (n=16,222). The age group 6-12 years had the lowest goitre prevalence (3.6% visible and 18.0% total goitre, n=7147). The total goitre prevalence had decreased significantly in all districts from an unweighted mean of 65.4% in the 1980s to 24.3% in 1999 (P<0.05). We believe this difference was also biologically significant. ConclusionThese findings indicate that iodine deficiency is largely eliminated in the 16 districts categorised as severely iodine-deficient in Tanzania, and that the iodine content of salt purchased from shops is highly variable.

The Impact of Cost on the Availability of Fruits and Vegetables in the Homes of Schoolchildren in Birmingham, Alabama

Fruit and vegetable cost is a presumed barrier to intake. We sought to determine whether fruit and vegetable cost and consumers' race and income would predict availability of fruits and vegetables in homes of schoolchildren in the Birmingham, Ala, area. Data on availability of 27 fruit and vegetable items were obtained from homes of 1355 children (32% African American) in the Birmingham area. Fruit and vegetable costs were obtained from the US Department of Agriculture. We used discrete choice analysis with the dependent variable represented as presence or absence of the fruit or vegetable item. Explanatory variables included fruit and vegetable price per serving; child's gender, race, and age; and parent's body mass index and income. Higher cost was inversely related to fruit and vegetable availability. Higher income, African American race, and female gender were positively related to availability. Cost per serving was stratified into 3 categories-low, medium, and high. Relative to low-cost items, only high-cost items decreased the odds of availability significantly. Fruit and vegetable cost does impact availability and has the greatest impact for high-cost items. Although cost was inversely related to availability, African Americans reported higher fruit and vegetable availability than Whites. Additional studies are needed to determine whether food items of lower nutritive value and comparable cost impact availability.

Part One Graduate student perspectives on the development of electronic portfolios

The word "portfolio" might bring to mind the artist's case bulging with sketches, samples and finished or unfinished works in no particular order. On the other hand, it might suggest the familiar collection of report cards, crayon drawings and dioramas that accumulate in schoolchildren's homes over the years. In an adult education setting, however, a portfolio is a selective group of artifacts, placed in context within a carefully constructed user interface. Whether the interface is electronic, paperbased or some combination of the two is not important, what is crucial is that the artifacts have been chosen and arranged with thought and purpose. The portfolio can be created for any number of uses. It might be a graduation requirement, pointing out how the learner has demonstrated competence in various assessment areas. It might be geared toward a forthcoming job search. It might be a showcase of an individual's strengths with different kinds of art or media production. It might even serve as a simple act of self-assessment and reflection at a personal crossroad. What all these purposes have in common is that they result in "...a powerful tool for demonstrating growth over time which is the primary value of a portfolio" (Barrett, 2000). Knowing how to create an electronic portfolio is a beneficial skill in today's job market. Portfolios are defined as "organized, goal driven documentation of professional growth and achieved competence" (Cambell, Cignetti, Melenyzer, Nettles & Wyman, 1997, p. 3). Kimball (2002) further defines portfolios as a "reflective collection of work." Merriam-Webster defines portfolios rather narrowly using properties of their physical appearance (bound cover and pictures). Recently, advances in technology and personal computers expand the range of formats to include electronic media. An electronic portfolio allows one to store and display documents in an electronic format. We define electronic portfolios as multimedia environments that display artifacts and reflections documenting professional growth and competencies. This two-part article explores graduate student design and development of electronic portfolios during a one-semester course. This first paper describes portfolios; their classification in current literature and the development process students used in this class. The second paper is a reflective case study of how students implemented the ADDIE model when creating portfolios.

Indoor fungi levels in homes of children with and without allergy history

A study was performed at the four sentinel health departments of Baden-Württemberg between November 1999 and March 2000 to investigate the indoor levels of fungi at the homes of school children (mean age 10 y) and to describe possible associations with allergy statuses. Three hundred and ninety-seven households of school children with (n = 199) and without (n = 198) allergic history were included in the study. The median of colony forming units (CFU/m3) of fungi, measured in the children's bedrooms' in indoor air, was 105 (range 5 to 15,000), in outdoor air 110 (range 10 to 1500). The median of viable mould spores (CFU/g dust) in floor dust was 28,500 (range 1500 to 1,235,000), in mattresses 16,250 (range 0 to 2,500,000). Neither climatological conditions, nor differences between urban and rural regions showed a systematic influence on fungi counts. There was no difference in concentrations and distribution of fungi species levels between children with and without allergic history. The sensitization rate against molds (IgE) was higher for children with allergic condition (9.2%) than in control children (4.4%), but there was no association with the fungi counts in the rooms. In conclusion, the study defined the mould levels in children's rooms, but did not find an association with allergic history of the children or their sensitization rate.

Popular notions regarding "dengue" and "rompehuesos", 2 models of the disease in Colombia

To deliver, through children, educational messages to families in Neiva, the capital city of the department of Huila, in Colombia. An educational project was developed to include, in schoolchildren's natural sciences and environmental education curriculum, basic education on dengue, its vector, and its control. Through surveys and Likert scales, the knowledge and attitudes in the schoolchildren's homes were determined. This was complemented with open-ended interviews that reflected cultural aspects in the area of health and how dengue disease is a part of people's lives. Before and after the intervention, larval infestation indices were determined for the schoolchildren's homes. A cultural pattern was found for the disease that differentiated between rompehuesos (breakbone fever) and "dengue". Rompehuesos corresponds, in popular terms, to classical dengue, a disease that can be dealt with using family and community resources. Institutional medicine, by means of its health agencies and health workers, as well as the communications media, has managed to superimpose another model: that which is associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Alternatives are considered for prevention efforts that would be sufficient for the conditions in which the vector's cycle occurs in Neiva. Also presented are the community's disease model and the survey results. Together, these elements can guide the formulation and development of educational efforts.