School Bonding Research Articles

The Effect of High School Students’ Academic/Grade Stress on Internet Over-dependence - Parallel Mediating Effects of School Bonding and Career Maturity -

The Effect of High School Students’ Academic/Grade Stress on Internet Over-dependence - Parallel Mediating Effects of School Bonding and Career Maturity -

Substance Use Among African American College Students: Testing the Theory of African American Offending

Background: General criminological theories contend that African Americans’ substance use is due to overexposure to criminological risk factors. However, some scholars suggest that racial injustices (i.e., racial discrimination and criminal justice injustices) and racial socialization practices, which includes religiosity (church involvement), impact African American substance use. Objective: Drawing on Unnever and Gabbidon’s theory of African American offending, which considers racial injustices and racial socialization when explaining African American offending, the current research examined African American college students’ substance use behavior. Methods: African American college students (n = 131) completed an online and anonymous survey measuring substance use, criminal justice injustices, racial discrimination, racial socialization, religiosity, negative emotions, and school bonds. Results: African American college students who reported marijuana use had less confidence in the police and those who engaged in heavy/binge drinking reported more negative emotions and negative encounters with the police. Additionally, negative police encounters and racial socialization practices increased the odds of heavy/binge drinking, whereas religiosity decreased the odds of heavy/binge drinking. Conclusion: These results suggest that a relationship exists among criminal justice injustices, perceived racial bias, racial socialization, religiosity, and African American college students’ substance use. As such, the current research provides partial support for the Theory of African American Offending while demonstrating the need to consider racial experiences when examining African American substance use.

LGBTQ+ identity and delinquency: the importance of negative emotions and social bonds

ABSTRACT While prior research has examined differences in delinquency by LGBTQ+ identity, few have attempted to explain these differences within the scope of main criminological theories. Drawing on general strain theory and social bond theory, this study uses data from the Technology, Teen Dating Violence and Abuse, and Bullying in Three States, 2011–2012 survey (N = 5,647) to examine if negative emotions and different types of social bonds mediate relationships between LGBTQ+ identity and delinquency. Results show that youth who identify as LGBTQ+ report higher levels of negative emotions and lower levels of parental and school bonds compared to those who identify as heterosexual and cisgender. Results also show that youth who identify as LGBTQ+ report higher odds of general delinquency, marijuana use, and other drug use compared to youth who identify as heterosexual and cisgender. Finally, results show that relationships between LGBTQ+ identity and delinquency are largely mediated by negative emotions and school bonds.

Adolescent nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers: an examination of primary socialization theory

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of the present study was to examine the links between primary socialization sources and the past year non-medical use of prescription pain relievers among adolescents. Methods The data for the study came from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (2016–2019). Specifically, self-reported past year non-medical use of prescription pain relievers, Primary Socialization Theory (PST) constructs, and control measures was used. Results The results from binomial complex survey logistic regression indicated poor parental bonds, poor school bonds, and associating with substance using peers had links with past year non-medical use of prescription pain relievers. Conclusion Further, the results indicated associating with substance using peers had the strongest link with past year non-medical use of prescription pain relievers hypothesized by the theory. The limitations and implications for future research are noted.

Presenting a Structural Model of School Bonding Based on Psychosocial Atmosphere with the Mediation of Reflective Thinking in High School Students

Background and Objective: This study aimed to present a structural model of school bonding based on the psychosocial atmosphere with the mediation of reflective thinking in high school students. Methods and Materials: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the present study included all high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022, with 341 individuals selected through cluster random sampling. This study utilized the School Bonding instrument (Brown & Evans, 2002), the Classroom Psychosocial Atmosphere scale (Fraser et al., 1995), and the Reflective Thinking questionnaire (Kember et al., 2000). To analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used with SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V8.8 software. Findings: The findings of the study indicated that the model had a good fit. The results showed that the psychosocial atmosphere impacts school bonding with the mediation of reflective thinking in high school students. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that improving the psychosocial atmosphere and reflective thinking can be effective in enhancing school bonding among students.

Dynamic regression discontinuity under treatment effect heterogeneity

Regression discontinuity is a popular tool for analyzing economic policies or treatment interventions. This research extends the classic static RD model to a dynamic framework, where observations are eligible for repeated RD events and, therefore, treatments. Such dynamics often complicate the identification and estimation of long‐term average treatment effects. Empirical papers with such designs have so far ignored the dynamics or adopted restrictive identifying assumptions. This paper presents identification strategies under various sets of weaker identifying assumptions and proposes associated estimation and inference methods. The proposed methods are applied to revisit the seminal study of Cellini, Ferreira, and Rothstein (2010) on long‐term effects of California local school bonds.

School Violence, School Bonding and Adherence to School Norms and its Association with Life Satisfaction Among Chilean and Foreign Students

School Violence, School Bonding and Adherence to School Norms and its Association with Life Satisfaction Among Chilean and Foreign Students

Exploring the Discipline Gap: Is School Bonding Protective Against Suspension for Black Girls?

Exploring the Discipline Gap: Is School Bonding Protective Against Suspension for Black Girls?

일본 사립대학 재정구조와 운영 실태 분석

The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial structure and operation of Japanese private universities and the financial support systems of educational corporations and national and local governments to find implications for improving the financial structure of our private universities. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, previous research, Japanese Private School Law and related regulations, literature and statistical data from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Private School Promotion and Mutual Aid Foundation, and Association of Private Universities were analyzed.
 As a result of analyzing the financial structure and operation status of Japanese private universities, despite having a similar ｢private school law｣, there were many differences in the financial structure and operation. The implications for improving the financial structure of our private universities obtained through the analysis of the financial structure and operation of Japanese private universities are as follows.
 First, it is necessary to try to integrate the accounts of university and the accounts of corporation. Second, it is necessary to review ways to subdivide the tuition fee items. Third, it is necessary to reduce project expenses that should be used only for specific purposes and expand subsidies for current expenses. Fourth, it is necessary to consider introducing a grant-type scholarship system that directly supports students' living expenses. Fifth, it is necessary to promote the issuance of interest-free school bonds. Sixth, the accumulation of accumulated depreciation should be mandatory.

A study of deviant behaviour among China's left‐behind children: The impact of strain, social control and learning

AbstractThis study aims to examine the effects of strain, social control and learning variables on the likelihood of deviant behaviour among left‐behind children (thereafter LBC) and non‐left‐behind children (thereafter NLBC) in China. A cross‐sectional survey study was conducted among 380 LBC and 656 NLBC in elementary and middle schools in three cities of Hubei Province, China. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess whether LBC and NLBC differ in deviant behaviour and three main groups of correlates of deviance that reflect strain, social control and learning. LBC were less likely than NLBC to commit deviant behaviour. LBC with greater family attachment and school bond were less likely to engage in deviance, whereas NLBC with more academic difficulty and bullying victimization were more inclined to conduct deviant acts. Having deviant peers increased both LBC's and NLBC's probability of committing deviant behaviour. A combination of factors related to strain, social control and learning theories explains Chinese children's deviance. It is important to promote the healthy development of LBC by enhancing family and school bonds and reducing deviant associations.

Examining Gender Differences in the Relationship Between School Bonding and Opioid Misuse Among Justice-Involved Adolescents.

Justice-involved adolescents (JIAs) have an increased risk for opioid use disorder and overdose related to opioid misuse (OM). Consequences of untreated OM include recidivism and poor educational outcomes, which can be harsher for female JIA. Therefore, identifying relevant factors and settings that reduce the risk for OM is critical. Schools are a central institution in adolescent development. Drawing on social control theory, JIA with higher levels of school bonding was hypothesized to attenuate risk for OM. Cross-sectional data on 79,960 JIA from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice were examined. Multivariate and stratified logistic regression analyses were employed. On average, for every one-unit increase in school bonding, JIA had 22%, female JIA had 23%, and male JIA had 22% lower odds of OM. Results suggest school bonding and the school context should be considered in treatment and how this setting may impact OM intervention outcomes among JIA.

Family Violence, Depressive Symptoms, School Bonding, and Bullying Perpetration: An Intergenerational Transmission of Violence Perspective

ABSTRACT Ample evidence suggests that exposure to family violence associates with bullying perpetration (BP).However, much is unknown about the underlying mechanism such as depressive symptoms and the moderating role of school bonding in these relationships. Thus, this study first examined the link between exposure to family violence and BP. Second, the mediating role of depressive symptoms on the relationship between exposure to family violence and BP. Third, this study explored whether school bonding moderated the relationships among exposure to family violence, depressive symptoms, and BP while controlling for substance use (N = 2,273). Results suggest that exposure to family violence is positively associated with BP. Mediation results suggest that depressive symptoms explained relationship between exposure to family violence and BP. Moderation results suggest school bonding did not buffer the association between exposure to family violence and depressive symptoms. However, school bonding weakened the relationship between exposure to family violence and BP. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Bullying Behavior and School Bonding for Predicting Student Engagement Among Chilean Adolescents

ABSTRACT Whereas most research has focused on the influence of teachers on student engagement, we postulate that peer experiences – particularly bullying behavior as a victim or perpetrator – impact student engagement over time. Using a sample of 525 adolescents (46% female, mean age = 13.51) nested within 31 classrooms from Chilean schools selected by convenience sampling design, we examined the relationship between victim and perpetrator on student engagement. Concurrently, we examined school bonding as a predictor of student engagement as well as its potential role as a protective factor. Our results indicated that perpetration predicted students’ cognitive engagement (at the individual level), whereas both being a victim (at the individual level) and school bonding (at the individual and classroom levels) predicted emotional engagement. However, classroom-level school bonding did not moderate the relationship between bullying and student engagement. Our study highlights the importance of building positive school climates for improving student engagement.

Strategi Hubungan Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Aktif Wali Murid di MTs Ihyaul Ulum Bluri Solokuro Lamongan

The public relations strategy in increasing the active participation of parents is one way to foster and develop a harmonious relationship between the school and the parents. MTs. Ihyaul Ulum Bluri Solokuro Lamongan is one of the educational institutions built through public relations activities, where the use of public relations activities advances the quality of the educational institution. Thus, schools realize the importance of parental support in order to advance and develop their education. This was done by the school so that more parents were interested in sending their children to the school and so that the participation of parents with the school could increase, so this research was carried out. This study aims to determine: first, how is the public relations strategy in increasing the active participation of parents?; second, about the factors supporting and inhibiting the public relations strategy in increasing the active participation of parents? This type of research includes qualitative research, by searching for data and then analyzing it using descriptive methods. The data sought using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the public relations strategy in MTs. Ihyaul Ulum Bluri Solokuro Lamongan is an effort to realize the role of schools in providing quality education. In meeting these needs, the public relations strategy is carried out systematically. Starting from planning activities, public relations in increasing the active participation of parents who are carried out based on work meetings at the beginning of each semester, this refers to an analysis of the needs and desires of the internal and external community. Then the implementation of public relations is carried out according to a predetermined schedule, as for the types of active parental participation that have been carried out, namely: 1) Energy or physical participation, 2) Ideas or thoughts participation and 3) Fund participation. Then, program evaluation. In implementing the evaluation, MTs. Ihyaul Ulum Bluri holds a meeting every six months, namely before the odd semester, before the even semester and before the increase. The supporting factors in the field of public relations to carry out the program are: enthusiastic parents of students in supporting school activities and also school residents who have a high sense of belonging and enthusiasm for the progress of the school and strong brotherly bonds. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is that the parents do not understand the digital world, which is the biggest opportunity for the public relations field to run its program and the lack of funding as well as the lack of professionalism of public relations practitioners. As for the results of this study, it is recommended that in the future public relations practitioners are more optimal in applying the competence and code of ethics of public relations properly to make it easier for educational institutions to coordinate, plan, negotiate and build good relations between educational institutions and guardians of students.

Structural empirical model of personal positive youth development, parenting, and school climate

AbstractThis study tested an empirical model of the relationship between Personal Positive Youth Development (PPYD) and two contextual factors: Positive Parenting (PP), and Perception of the Climate and Functioning of the School (PcfS). The hypothesis tested was that a positive relationship with parents and a positive perception of the school will contribute to the prediction of PPYD. The sample was composed of 1507 adolescents recruited in 10 Spanish schools who were aged between 12 and 18 years and 52% were female. PPYD was evaluated through Dispositional optimism, Self‐competence, and Sense of coherence. PP was evaluated through Affect and communication, Autonomy granting, Humor, and Self‐disclosure. PcfS was evaluated through School climate, School bonds, Clarity of rules and values, and Empowerment. Previous reliability and validity analyses of the constructs were carried out, and correlational analyses and structural predictions were made. The results show that both PP and PcfS were associated with better scores in PPYD. Also, a positive correlation between those two contextual factors was found. Implications for applied research are discussed.

Parent-Child Attachment and Social Adaptation Behavior in Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of School Bonding.

Family and school are two main places for adolescents to develop socialization, which can be contributed by good parent-child attachment and school bonding. Earlier studies suggested that parent-child attachment played an important role in promoting the formation of high-level school bonding, which is also likely to influence social adaptation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between parent-child attachment and social adaptation, and the mediating role of school bonding. Using stratified cluster sampling, 1,440 college students were first randomly selected from four universities and then stratified by specialty with a balance between genders and grades. Participants voluntarily participated in this study and completed questionnaires including the Parent-Child Attachment Scale, School Bonding Scale, and Social Adaptation Scale. Finally, a total of 1,320 college students were included in the analysis (59.5% female; aged 18–24years, Mage=20.39±1.52years). Data analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results indicated that the overall level of parent-child attachment in females (M=75.72, SD=12.36) was significantly higher than that of males (M=73.71, SD=12.68; F=8.22, p<0.01). Difference was also found between sibling status (F=13.90, p<0.001), and the only-child (M=76.16, SD=12.72) scored significantly higher than their counterparts (non-only children, M=73.60, SD=12.19). Parent-child attachment was positively correlated with social adaptation (p<0.01) and school bonding (p<0.01), while school bonding was also positively correlated with social adaptation score (p<0.01). School bonding played a partial intermediate role in the relationship between parent-child attachment and social adaptation (β=0.15). Our research identified a direct influence of parent-child attachment and an indirect influence via school bonding on social adaptation among college students.

Longitudinal Changes in Adolescents' School Bonding During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Individual, Parenting, and Family Correlates.

The current study examined changes in adolescents’ school bonding from before to during the COVID‐19 pandemic and its individual, parenting, and family‐level correlates. Participants were two adolescents (50% male; M age = 14 years) and one parent (85% female; M age = 45 years) from 682 families (N = 2046) from an ongoing longitudinal study. Adolescents reported on their school bonding, stress, and coping, while parents reported on their involvement in adolescents’ education and pandemic‐related financial need. A two‐wave latent change score model suggested that adolescents’ school bonding decreased from before to during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Stress and pandemic‐related financial need served as risk factors, whereas coping and parental involvement served as protective factors against declines in adolescents’ school bonding.

Changing routine activities and the decline of youth crime: A repeated cross‐sectional analysis of self‐reported delinquency in Sweden, 1999–2017*

AbstractThis study examines the declining crime trend among Swedish adolescents between 1999 and 2017 using data from eight repeated cross‐sectional waves of a nationally representative school survey (N = ca. 49,000). We examined to what extent changes in parental monitoring, school bonds, attitudes toward crime, routine activities, and binge drinking were related to the noticeable decline in youth crime. Multilevel modeling was employed for the analysis of temporal trends. We found strong empirical support for our hypotheses, that is, that changes in social bonds, attitudes toward crime, and routine activities were all associated with the decline in youth crime. Routine activities had the strongest explanatory power, and all predictors combined accounted for most of the variance attributed to the decline in youth crime. This study moves research on the crime drop closer to the analysis of social mechanisms by demonstrating that micro‐level associations between theoretically relevant, proximal variables, and delinquency account for macro‐level change.

Should State Governments Prohibit the Negotiated Sales of Municipal Bonds?

Should legislation ban the negotiated sales of municipal bonds? What are the costs of forcing public auctions? We compare the offering yields of local governments that are forced by state law to use public auctions to the offering yields of local governments that can choose between auctions and negotiated sales. Using a sample of 369,482 school bonds issued between 2004 and 2014, we find that a restriction on negotiated sales has a negative cost instead of positive. The prohibition benefits issuers on average. The offering yields of constrained issuers are 17 basis points lower than the offering yields of unconstrained issuers. The effect is equivalent to a rating upgrade from non-rated to AA-. Nevertheless, most issuers prefer to use negotiated sales even if they do not maximize bond proceeds.

The Associations Among Teacher Discrimination, Parents’ and Peer Emotional Supports, and African American Youth’s School Bonding

Drawing on research about the positive benefits of school bonding on youth mental health, academic and overall well-being, and the inequities African American youth face in education, this study examined the associations among teacher discrimination, parents’ and peer emotional support, and African American youth school bonding. Using data from the National Survey of American Life Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A), findings suggest that teacher discrimination negatively affects African American youth’s school bonding. In addition, while parents’ and peer emotional supports are positively associated with youth’s school bonding, and offset some of the negative effects of teacher discrimination on African American youth’s school bonding, these supports may not be enough to help youth realize the maximum benefits of school bonding, especially in the context of teacher discrimination. Implications for social work practice with African American youth and families are discussed.