This study takes the political, theoretical, and belief requirements of college ideological and political courses as the premise and basis, summarizes the characteristics of the professional development of college ideological and political teachers, and extracts the requirements for the professional development of college ideological and political teachers. Under the guidance of the development stage theory, the professional development of college ideological and political teachers is divided into seven periods, which are the pre-service education period, the initial period, the adaptation and transition period, the competence period, the maturity period, the stable period, and the retirement period. According to the characteristics of each stage, explore the practice mode of professional development of teachers of ideological and political courses, such as implementing school-based training, relying on school-based curriculum development, effectively carrying out action research, actively carrying out teaching reflection, building a community of teacher professional development, and conducting scientific teacher evaluation, etc.