School-age Youngsters Research Articles

ANALISIS FAKTOR PERILAKU ANAK SD KELAS 4 – 5 DALAM PERAWATAN KESEHATAN GIGI TERHADAP KEJADIAN KARIES PADA SISWA SD SWASTA PARULIAN 2 KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2022

Dental caries is a first-rate problem in children's oral hollow space to date. school-age youngsters, especially primary faculty youngsters, are a set this is liable to dental and oral sicknesses because generally those kids still have behaviors or conduct that don't aid dental health.The cause of this reasearch to analyze the behavioral factors of basic faculty youngsters in grades IV–Vin dental health care for the occurrence of caries in students of private standard faculty Parulian 2 Medan city in 2022.This form of research is an observational analytic survey look at with a Case control examine design, to evaluate the case institution and the control institution based totally on their exposure reputation.The population in this look at had been all 38 college students in grades IV-V at Parulian 2 personal standard school in 2022 who had dental caries on their permanent tooth. The effects confirmed that there was a massive relationship between age (p=0.001), gender (p=0.022), socioeconomic (p=0.022), and the incidence of dental caries. there is a extensive relationship among knowledge (p=0.028) and attitude (p=0.010) with the occurrence of dental caries. there's a big dating among how to brush your teeth (p=zero.001), frequency of brushing your enamel (p=0.039), time of brushing your enamel (p=zero.021), frequency of going to the dentist (p=zero.000), and the occurrence of dental caries (p=0.039 ), teeth brushing gear (p=zero.031) with the occurrence of dental caries.Multivariate outcomes showed that the maximum dominant variable influencing the threat of dental caries turned into the variable frequency of going to the dentist with Exp B = 14.609 (ninety five% CI: 2.824-seventy five.592). it is for the government and software holders on the puskesmas, specifically UKGS, to in addition growth the provision of education approximately dental caries to faculties, as well as carry out ongoing dental care for simple college youngsters.

Areca nut – A gift by nature but a sweet poison for oral environment: A comprehensive review

Abstract Background: Nature provides us with a diversity of plants and fruits. These organic plants and the products they produce might have some therapeutic potential that can be applied to the treatment of specific bacterial and pathological disorders of the body. Yet, some of these ingredients may have harmful effects on tissue and health if they are abused. In Hindu culture, areca nuts (ANs) are widely used for food, Ayurvedic medicine, and social and religious purposes. Nonetheless, frequent use may cause some changes to the oral environment. Aim: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how AN addiction affects the oral environment and dental health. Materials and methods: Electronic research of the published English literature was performed in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases, from 2001 to 2023 using mesh keywords such as (areca nut or betel nut) and (oral tissues or oral cavity or oral environment). A manual search of all the related journals was also performed. We also checked the reference lists of the relevant articles. Conclusions: Although the AN plays a positive function in dental and digestive health, excessive ingestion can have negative effects on the environment and oral tissues. The globe is now aware of using this sweetener with caution because of the increased prevalence and incidence of numerous oral illnesses induced by this habit for the last few years, especially in school-age youngsters. It has been discovered that this behavior is linked to even the precancerous diseases and lesions that lead to mouth cancer. Hence, it is essential to persuade them to stop chewing ANs to avoid further difficulties.

El peso de los factores contextuales en la asistencia a la secundaria entre los adolescentes costarricenses según la información censal

El abandono del sistema escolar es un problema social común en América Latina. Se propone un análisis de la asociación entre la asistencia a la educación secundaria entre los jóvenes en edad escolar en Costa Rica y las variables agregadas que describen las características de las áreas en que residen estas personas, con el fin de aproximarse a los posibles “efectos de barrio”. Se utiliza un modelo logístico multinivel con datos censales. Se encuentra una asociación positiva entre la asistencia a la educación secundaria y el nivel socioeconómico tanto del joven como del barrio. Se observa también que los jóvenes con discapacidad, los nicaragüenses, los que migraron recientemente dentro del país, y sobre todo aquellos que están laborando, tienen menor probabilidad de asistir a un centro de enseñanza. Los hallazgos refuerzan la idea de que las políticas públicas para la educación tienen que tomar en cuenta el contexto social en el que vive el joven para mantenerlo estudiando.

An educational device for a hands-on activity to visualize the effect of atherosclerosis on blood flow

An educational device was created to develop a hands-on activity to illustrate how atherosclerosis can dramatically reduce blood flow in human vessels. The device was conceived, designed, and built at the University of Coimbra, in response to a request from the Exploratório Infante D. Henrique Science Centre Museum, where it is presently installed. The device was designed to allow lay audience to operate it, including school-age youngsters. The two blood flow reduction mechanisms that can be visualized are 1) thickening of the artery wall and 2) hardening of the artery wall. The main objective is to promote the understanding of atherosclerotic cardiovascular physiology by simple and direct experiments. This original educational interactive device was constructed using, in the conceptual and design stages of the project, a Newtonian theoretical flow model based on Poiseuille's equation. This device is driven by human force and provides a visualization of the effect of atherosclerosis on flow. The main aspects relating to its design and construction are described here to explain and disseminate this approach. Throughout more than 4 yr of real operation, this educational device proved to be a simple and attractive way of understanding atherosclerosis, especially among young people.

Processing of digital moiré images in Salus Ortopédtechnika Kft.

More and more children and youngsters are affected by spinal deformities these days. These diseases can be well cured if they are detected and filtered out in time. We wanted to set up an objective and safe method with which we can diagnose wide spectrum of school-aged youngsters without harmful side-effects. Creating moire images was one way to solve this problem, that is the reason why we started to test this method in filtering and following the condition of our young patients. Patients measured by us were going through a general examination method where their phisical status was examined by physiotherapists, and relief images were taken of their back. The initial aim to make the moire image use an objective method to filter and follow the patient’s condition in case of weed curvature of the spine could not be totally fulfilled. The reason is that the evaluation of the images is still a subjective method done by our vision. A possible solution could be to find an objective evaluation method where we can process, evaluate and compare the images with the same conditions. The programming and use of a proper image processing algorithm could be a great help for us. DOI: 10.17489/biohun/2013/1/16

The Dragon Strikes: Lessons from the Wenchuan Earthquake

The Dragon Strikes: Lessons from the Wenchuan Earthquake

Arabic—Flavor of the Moment: Whence, Why, and How?

Policy can inform practice only if policy reflects and responds to the realities of schools as educational experiences unfold and change over time. We have witnessed firsthand over the past 12 years the myriad ways in which the diverse participants in the Chartiers Valley School District community have embraced their innovative program. The widespread implementation and careful monitoring of locally appropriate programs such as this one will ensure that a continuing group of school-aged youngsters is prepared to participate in the increasingly global knowledge economy of the 21st century.

Is the Team All Right? Diversity and Teacher Education

As an avid sports fan, I have sat through an incredible number of athletic contests watching the efforts of finely tuned athletes in competition. The athletes are supported by coaches, equipment, facilities, and of course, their fans. In high-profile sports such as football and basketball, the fans are encouraged by the enthusiasm and choreography of cheerleaders. As a teenager, I remember a call and response cheer that started with the cheerleaders yelling, What's the matter with the team? The fans would respond with an enthusiastic, Oh, the team's all right! We yelled this response to reassure our team that we were sticking by them despite their being down at any particular point in the contest. In this article, I am thinking aloud about whether the team I know as teacher education is, indeed, all right. As I think about the challenges facing our society, I recognize that one of the powerful determiners of how we respond to challenges is economic. In times of economic downturn, we come to expect layoffs, job losses, reductions of services, budget cuts, and criticisms. Teacher education is not immune to these manifestations of economic uncertainty. During the past decade, teacher education has confronted a number of economically spurred challenges including the closure of one major school of education, the consolidation of several others (with programs in human development, public policy, liberal arts, or information sciences), and increased competition from alternative certification programs based in school districts, online colleges, and state departments of education. Along with these cutbacks and consolidations have come criticisms about teacher education. These criticisms focus on the perceived lack of intellectual rigor and content knowledge in certification programs (Kramer, 1991). I want to suggest that the real problems facing teacher education are the disconnections between and among the students, families, and community and teachers and teacher educators. These disconnections emanate from differences in race, class, cultural background, and socioeconomic status. In this article, I discuss the demographic and cultural mismatch that makes it difficult for teachers to be successful with K-12 students and makes it difficult for teacher educators to be successful with prospective teachers. Much of the discussion surrounding the challenges of teacher education focuses on the external attacks from politicians, federal bureaucrats, and educational entrepreneurs who have a vested interest in the dismantling (or at least the severe curtailing) of teacher education programs. However, this article is designed to be an examination from within. As a member of this community, I find a number of practices within the field disturbing, and I will direct my comments to the specific issue of diversity. Unlike our external critics, I do not want to destroy teacher education, I want to strengthen it; and I do not believe this can happen until we look honestly at what we are doing. SURVEYING THE LANDSCAPE Today's schools are called on to serve a more ethnically, linguistically, and culturally diverse student population, representing about one third of the school population. Less than 50% of the school population in two states--California and Texas--is White. Students of color compose at least half of the population in the largest 25 cities in the United States (Applied Research Center, 2000). Population projections suggest that our student population is increasing and that the nation's population of children age 18 and younger is approximately 70.2 million. Higher birthrates and increasing immigration in the Latino/Latina-Hispanic and Asian Pacific Islander populations guarantee a rise in the numbers of students of color. At the same time that we are experiencing increasing diversity among school-aged youngsters, the nation's teaching force is becoming less ethnically and culturally diverse. …

Early identification and systemic educational intervention for young children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)

This paper focuses on the international experience with early identification and intervention for children with AD/HD. Much less is known about AD/HD in two- to five-year-old preschool children than is known for older school-aged youngsters. Despite this lack of knowledge, AD/HD is increasingly recognized in this population and stimulant medication increasingly prescribed to treat it. The lack of control of temperamental patterns in preschoolers seems related to later observations of hyperactivity, attention problems and antisocial behaviours in school-aged children. The emergence and continuity of AD/HD-like behaviours is influenced not only by genetic, pre- and perinatal factors, but also by social context factors. All these influences interact with a child's developmental needs in complex ways according to a systemic bio-psychosocial model. The undiagnosed AD/HD child will often be labelled by parents as difficult and the family scapegoat. Because of the age of the children and the variety of ‘normal behaviour’ in this group, interventions should include systemic, environmental and play-centred approaches.

Preparticipation sports examinations.

Preview In most states, an examination is required before school-aged youngsters are allowed to play recreational and competitive sports. Examining physicians are responsible for conducting a thorough yet cost-effective evaluation to detect disqualifying or restricting conditions. The authors summarize the aspects to consider during history taking and physical examination and provide guidelines approved by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Mild hypoglycemia associated with deterioration of mental efficiency in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

To assess the effects of mild hypoglycemia on cognitive functioning in diabetic children, we used an insulin glucose clamp technique to induce and maintain a hypoglycemic state. Eleven patients, 11 to 18 years of age, completed a series of cognitive tests during a baseline euglycemic state (100 mg/dl (5.5 mmol/L] and repeated those measures at the beginning and end of a hypoglycemic plateau (55 to 65 mg/dl (3.1 to 3.6 mmol/L], and again at restoration of euglycemia. At plasma glucose levels of 60 to 65 mg/dl (3.3 to 3.6 mmol/L), a significant decline in mental efficiency was found. This was most apparent on measures of mental "flexibility" (Trial Making Test) and on measures that required planning and decision making, attention to detail, and rapid responding. Moreover, complete recovery of cognitive function was not contemporaneous with restoration of euglycemia, particularly on those tests requiring rapid responding and decision making (choice reaction time). Not all subjects showed evidence of cognitive impairment during hypoglycemia. The very high degree of intersubject variability suggests that, in addition to plasma glucose values, unknown physiologic variables are responsible for triggering cognitive impairments in school-aged youngsters with diabetes during an episode of mild hypoglycemia.

Television Viewing and the Role of the Middle School Educator

How children spend their free time before, during, and after school may affect their social conscience, school adjustment, and academic achievement. Much debate and attention have been given on a societal level to the effects of television viewing on children. Yet little is known about the effect of television on the adolescent student. Because tento fourteen-year-old children are developmentally at a stage characterized by substantial emotional, physical, and intellectual change, there is great potential for television to have a positive or negative impact on their attitudes, values, and behaviors. For the middle school student identified as atrisk for school maladjustment, academic underachievement, or dropping out, the effects of poor televisionviewing habits may be particularly pernicious. Unfortunately, the technologies that have made television viewing an easily accessible, popular pastime of school-aged children have not been counterbalanced with age-appropriate program-viewing options. Furthermore, parental guidance of television viewing is often inadequate after the preschool years and primary grades. Consequently, the challenge arises-how can middle school educators positively affect the televisionviewing habits of their students? The purpose of this article is to present a brief review of the literature as it pertains to the television-viewing habits and preferences of school-aged youngsters. More specifically, the differences among the viewing habits of middle school students identified as gifted, at-risk for dropping out, and mildly handicapped will be examined. Finally, we will offer practical suggestions that the middle school teacher may use with parents and in the class-

Coping with stressful events in older children and young adolescents.

Both the capacity to generate alternative solutions to cope with stressful events and the strategies actually used to cope with interpersonal and academic stressors were examined in a sample of junior high school age youngsters. Subjects were moderately consistent in the generation and use of pToblem- and emotion-focused coping with the two types of events, and they adjusted the numbiT of problem-focused alternative solutions they generated to match their appraisals of the controllability of the cause of interpersonal stressors. The number of alternative solutions generated and strategies used for interpersonal stressors was related to both self-reports and maternal reports of internalizing and externalizing emotional/behavioral problems. Specifically, the problem-focused alternatives generated and strategies used were negatively related to emotional/behavioral problems, wherea s the emotion-focused alternatives generated and strategies used were positively related to emotional/ behavioral problems. Coping with academic stress was not related to emotional/behavioral problems. Self-reported emotional/behavioral problems varied as a function of the match between perceived control and-the generation of problem-focused alternatives for coping with social stressors but did not vary as a function of the match between perceived control and other coping strategies. Stressful events of both major and minor magnitude in the lives of children and adolescents are significantly related to youngsters' emotional and behavioral problems (see reviews by Compas, 1987b; Johnson, 1986). However, substantial individual differences exist in the levels of problems that are associated with stressful experiences. This variability is due in part to differences in the resources available and methods used by children and adolescents to cope with adverse events (Compas, 1987a). Prior studies of child and adolescent coping have shown that cognitive and behavioral efforts to alter sources of stress as well as attempts to regulate the negative emotions associated with stressful circumstances are important in reducing the negative effects of a range of stressful events, including interpersonal problems and achievement-related stressors (Compas, 1987a).

Reaching Rural Adolescents with Programs in Sexuality

In an effort to meet the special challenge of reaching rural youth the Montachusett Opportunity Councils Family Planning Program has been operating a demonstration project that provides sex education and family planning services to adolescents in the rural areas of northern Worcester County in central Massachusetts. The program was started in 1972 with Office of Economic Opportunity funding. It has been providing young people with a variety of services that include the provision of sex education classes and counseling both in and out of schools. Family planning services including counseling and referrals for problem pregnancies are made readily available. Special health related programs on such topics as breast cancer venereal disease and sex education have been presented to the community. The ultimate indicator of program effectiveness is clearly the participation and involvement of young people. Trust had to develop between young people and the counselor/educator. For this to happen it was necessary in this program for the counselor to become available to school-age youngsters by offering before-school pregnancy testing at home after-school meetings in youth centers and evening programs involving teens. Continuity in this type of program is crucial for changing staff upsets the building process. The approaches for bringing human sexuality programs to the schools must be varied and flexible. Additionally parents should be sought as allies for their support can provide the kind of credibility and acceptance in a community that would be hard to achieve through any other source.