Concept Of Scholarship Research Articles

Public understanding of preprints: How audiences make sense of unreviewed research in the news.

News reporting of preprints became commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet the extent to which the public understands what preprints are is unclear. We sought to fill this gap by conducting a content analysis of 1702 definitions of the term "preprint" that were generated by the US general population and college students. We found that only about two in five people were able to define preprints in ways that align with scholarly conceptualizations of the term, although participants provided a wide array of "other" definitions of preprints that suggest at least a partial understanding of the term. Providing participants with a definition of preprints in a news article helped improve preprint understanding for the student sample, but not for the general population. Our findings shed light on misperceptions that the public has about preprints, underscoring the importance of better education about the nature of preprint research.

‘The Church is against us!’ Feminist collective apostasies and the struggle for gender equality in Argentina and Spain

ABSTRACT Feminist mobilisations risen across the globe in the last few years. This is especially the case in Latin America and Spain, where social movements to claim the legalisation of abortion and to end violence against women have become key political actors. Some of these movements have adopted collective apostasies as a tool within their mobilisation repertoires to denounce the role of the Catholic Church in maintaining the patriarchal system and interfering in the state and politics. By collectively and formally leaving the Church, members of these groups bring together the fights for gender equality and for the separation of church and state. In so doing, they make apostasy a highly politicised action, far from how previous scholarly conceptualisations of institutional disaffiliation considered it an individual process of religious disengagement. Feminist groups identify the Church as an enemy of women’s rights and while they acknowledge the restricted impact apostasies may have, they perceive them as useful tools to open up public debates around the contentious intersection of institutional religion and gender. This contribution draws on interviews, ethnographic observations, and document and visual analysis of feminist collective apostasies in Argentina and Spain to unpack the discourses generated in and around them.

Unveiling The Legacy of Siti Walidah (1872-1946): Exploring the Education, Life, And Works of Indonesian Female Ulama

This study delves into the da'wah contributions of the Indonesian female ulama, Siti Walidah (1872-1946). Employing qualitative methods, the research entails creating and observing various works, books, academic research, videos, internet sources, and historical documents. The gathered data undergoes analysis using the explanatory analysis method, where the logic of social phenomena aligns with common sense through historical, anthropological, and sociological approaches. The research aims to exemplify the role model provided by female ulama such as Siti Walidah, allowing contemporary women to learn from and emulate the activities and struggles of these female scholars, thereby yielding numerous benefits for the advancement of the ummah, particularly women. The study presents the concepts of women scholars, their contributions, and the strategies they employed. Additionally, it delves into the supporting and inhibiting factors faced by female ulama in their preaching endeavors, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of their experiences.

The maintenance of carbonscapes: Enacting Net Zero in Stavanger, Norway

As a stable, democratic petrostate, Janus-faced Norway balances fossil fuel incumbency (profitable oil and gas exports) with leadership in green transitions (domestic hydropower supply and transport electrification) and just transitions (major donor to global green initiatives). These roles imbue domestic politics with reverence for fossil fuels as enablers of generous welfare state support, alongside a push to show progress on low-carbon energy transitions. This political dynamic has embraced the global rise to prominence of Net Zero target-setting, highly reliant on speculative, yet-to-emerge carbon mitigation technologies. Such a hubristic response to this target has served to direct massive financing to innovation activities of fossil incumbents. Nowhere is this push felt keener than in Stavanger, the oil capital rebranded to Norway’s ‘energy capital’, and the site of the country’s largest industrial hub Forus and great performative spectacles such as the Offshore Northern Seas conferences and numerous other oil and gas events. Yet it is also here that critique is often focused, pointing out the folly of continued investment that assumes oil and gas persistence in tempered form over rapid renewable energy rollout. We investigate the forms this enactment of Net Zero takes at the urban scale in Stavanger through which the promise of carbon removal is used to uphold carbonscapes. Empirical material includes place-based observation, participatory ethnography at events, and media reports. We engage with conceptual scholarship on the positionality of researchers, role of actionable knowledge, and the specific function of the knowledge economy to enable Stavanger’s juggling act as the site of fossil success since 1969, and champion of carbon removal innovation and development as one of Europe’s 112 climate-neutral 2030 Mission Cities. We argue that unpacking urban spectacle offers evidence of the interwoven nature of domestic politics and performative carbon mitigation approaches, constituting an entry point to critique mitigation deterrence.

وحی اور نبوت اور مغربی مصنفین : منٹگمری واٹ اور رابرٹ سپنسر کی آراء کا تقابلی جائزہ

It is an undeniable truth that the channel through which revelation became known to humankind is prophethood. Both revelation and prophethood are thus intertwined; the explanation of one will remain wanting without reference to the other. But majority of the Orientalists have tried their best to criticize and accuse Qur’anic revelation with a lot of misconceptions and allegations concerning wahy since dawn. So, this paper tries to find out the Orientalists view and concept on wahy based on the writings of western scholars. This paper gives high focus on analyzing their concepts and views related the issue and to answer and rectify the misconceptions describing the real facts and teaching of Islam in the issue related to wahy. So, this paper will be helpful to establish fact on Qur’anic revelation to the Prophet. Like other Orientalists, William Montgomery watt and Robert Spencer have actually denied Islamic scholars views about revelation and Prophet hood in their Qur’an commentaries. In this paper, an effort has been made to examine the arguments of both western scholars and to deduce the actual position about this topic. In this research written with a descriptive, comparative and analytical approach, it is proved that according to Quran, sciences of Tafsir and Hadith literature, history and logic, the explicit concepts of both scholars about revelation of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are baseless and have been rejected with the arguments given by the majority of the Muslim scholars and thinkers.

Political communication as television news: Party-produced news of the Sweden Democrats during the 2022 election campaign

Abstract Political communication has taken new and complex forms within the contemporary hybrid media system. In this article, we examine how political campaigning that draws on television news forms utilises the increasingly blurred boundaries between news journalism and politics online. We assess the digital television news channel Riks, which during the 2022 national election was operated by the Sweden Democrats party and distributed via YouTube. Deploying a mixed-methods approach, we analysed all videos published by Riks four weeks prior to the election. Results show that Riks blends descriptive, interpretative, and outrage genres, and strategically frames the most important political issues of the election campaign in favour of the party’s policies. Hence, the study contributes to political communication scholarship by emphasising how news has become an integral part of strategic party communication, challenging established scholarly conceptualisations of alternative media and hyperpartisan news.

Influence of educational environment on the formation of skills among future professionals

This research aims to explore the impact of educational environment factors within higher education institutions on the process of shaping professional (Hard Skills) and social competencies (Soft Skills) of future professionals. The proposed study falls within the realm of mixed-method scientific inquiry, as it encompasses the synthesis of theoretical analysis of scholarly concepts relevant to the article’s core ideas, a factor analysis of empirical data collected to quantify the influence of external and internal educational environment factors, as well as qualitative generalizations drawn from the results of the factor analysis. Empirical data collection was conducted through the observation of a student group (n = 925) utilizing methods such as surveys, questionnaires, testing, and interviews. The findings of this research are valuable for informing the implementation of models for graduates of higher education institutions. The study revealed that future professionals are expected to have not only hard skills but also develop soft skills, the formation of which should occur in parallel.

Профессиональная языковая личность военнослужащих Вооруженных сил США (по материалам текстов американских военных блогеров)

The aim of the research is to determine the features of written colloquial speech of bloggers serving in the US Armed Forces in the system of traditional speech interaction. The paper focuses on the essence of the professional communication language in the concept of modern scholars of the second half of the 20th and the first two decades of the 21st century within the study of the linguistic personality of a particular social group as a subject of professional activity. The content of the notions of “a linguistic personality” and “a professional linguistic personality” is determined. The main focus is on identifying units of military jargon and military slang in the speech of American military bloggers as a way of expressing the attitude of military personnel to military service. The scientific novelty lies in the approach to the study of the professional linguistic personality of the US Armed Forces representatives from the perspective of its ethnic identity. In addition, an original feature of American servicemen is found – the presence of explication linguistic means of lexical features of speech. As a result, positive and negative images of a professional linguistic personality were recreated based on the texts of American military bloggers, in particular, emotionally charged elements of vocabulary (military jargon and military slang).

Restriction of Passive Suffrage for a Citizen Having a Criminal Record under the Law of the Russian Federation

Introduction. At the present stage of the Russian national statehood development, strengthening the institutions of democracy and civil society remains an important task. One of the efficient ways to solve this problem is to create a highperformance mechanism, which would implement and ensure the fundamental rights and freedoms of a person. It is important for this mechanism to provide the legal stipulation in the current legislation of the Russian Federation and further implementation of the objective and justified restrictions of the rights and freedoms of a person. With regard to the passive suffrage, based on the analysis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation2, such a restriction is expressed in the exclusion of the persons having a criminal record from a number of citizens endowed with this right. The relevance of the paper lies in the need to legally regulate the features of suffrage restriction for the citizens having a criminal record. The work aims to study the eligibility of restricting the passive suffrage due to the candidate’s criminal record, and the limits of such restriction.Materials and Methods. The normative legal acts regulating the passive suffrage restriction due to the criminal record presence became the materials under the research. A set of methods of scientific cognition, including the dialectical and legalistic methods, as well as the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, formed a methodological framework of the research.Results. The paper substantiates the legal essence of the human and civil rights and freedoms restriction through defining the limits of the person's freedom in society and in the state. In the paper the conclusion is made, that along with the great importance of the human rights and freedoms protection, there exists an urgent need to comply with the legal restriction of these rights to ensure safety of other people and society as a whole. The analysis of the normative legal acts allows us to conclude that the restrictions of passive suffrage are legally stipulated directly in the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Part 3 of art. 32), as well as in the Federal Laws, as referred to in Part 3 of Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Moreover, with regard to the latter set of passive suffrage restrictions, the trend to expand the grounds for them is observed during the last twenty years. Thus, currently a rather wide range of citizens are forfeited the passive suffrage.Discussion and Conclusion. A specific feature of the Russian suffrage is its constant transformation caused by the changing political situation. The suffrage is actively developing and improving with rely on studying the scientific concepts of the constitutional scholars and proposals of the practitioners in organisation of the elections. However, there are still many issues that require scientific reflection and further legislative stipulation. It is proposed to focus on the problem of restricting the passive suffrage for a citizen for the reason of him having a criminal record

Prevention as a norm cluster? Mapping China's contestation on atrocity prevention

Abstract This article argues that China's rhetorical support for prevention at the United Nations obscures its underlying contestation of atrocity prevention in both conception and practice. It introduces a novel conceptual framework, coined as the two-level norm cluster of prevention, which includes three conceptually aligned yet distinct parts: operational conflict prevention, direct atrocity prevention and root-cause prevention. Drawing on interviews and policy documents, this article finds that China conflates direct atrocity prevention with operational conflict prevention, with a preference for the agenda of conflict prevention, as seen in China's divergent commitments to preventing armed conflicts and peacetime atrocities. This conflation represents a deliberate political choice rather than a result of misunderstanding or lack of knowledge regarding their distinctions. China also endorses a strong linkage between direct atrocity prevention and development-focused root cause prevention. Despite China's growing assertiveness in shaping liberal norms and the favourable perception of its development-focused approaches among elite groups in host states, the Chinese government hesitates to officially promote the scholarly concept of developmental peace and present it as an alternative to the existing liberal principles. This reluctance reflects China's intention to avoid explicit confrontation with liberal norms and its concerns about the potential failure of norm entrepreneurship.

Research progress of Chinese and Western diet therapy for children and adolescent obesity and overweight

Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity rates have been increasing year by year, becoming extremely common and posing serious health risks, making it a global epidemic. Childhood obesity should not be ignored, and in-depth prevention and treatment should be implemented to reduce the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood and promote long-term health and physical development in children. Dietary therapy is beneficial for children to maintain a healthy weight, achieve nutritional balance, and prevent obesity. Additionally, specific nutritional requirements such as the ketogenic diet can be used in combination with dietary therapy to target the treatment of obese children. The traffic light diet plan can enhance children’s awareness of healthy eating and promote adherence to a balanced diet. However, childhood obesity is influenced by various factors. This article will analyze the causes of childhood obesity and incorporate the dietary concepts of ancient Chinese scholars. It will compare the different dietary treatment methods for childhood obesity in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, such as the Warm Gallbladder Decoction, and explore other complementary interventions such as medication. By comparing the similarities and differences between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, we can avoid their respective shortcomings and develop their advantages, combining them to provide feasible short-term and long-term treatment methods for obese children and adolescents. Furthermore, it can provide future research prospects for the development of dietary treatments specifically tailored to pediatric obesity patients.

Contract law of Albania in the context of public-private partnerships

The significance of the research is underscored by the fact that Albania, as a country in the process of socio- economic development, faces the need to attract specialists for the implementation of infrastructure projects. The research seeks to explore challenges within the realm of public-private partnerships concerning contract law in Albania and to propose constructive avenues for enhancement. The methods employed in this endeavor encompassed systematisation, logical analysis, concretisation, and generalisation, along with the application of formal-legal and formal-logical approaches. The investigation analysed modern mechanisms of legal regulation in the system of public-private partnerships. Problems, including compliance with free market principles, ensuring competition and high quality of public services, have been identified. Specific steps are proposed to address them: strengthening internal control in contract awarding procedures, updating legislation with a focus on maintaining market freedom and competition, assessing, and sharing risks between the private and public sectors, and actively engaging stakeholders. The recommendations aim at organic implementation, considering the interests of all stakeholders. In addition, it is suggested that changes in the justice system should stably take place, considering the stability of the overall system. The study also delved into analysing the existing views and concepts of scholars on the subject matter. Examining various perspectives has facilitated a more profound comprehension of the intricacies surrounding the phenomenon and potential avenues for enhancing contract law in Albania within the framework of public-private partnerships. The outcomes of this research possess the potential to provide valuable insights for the formulation of effective legal measures governing contract law in the context of public-private partnerships in Albania

The Search for Originality within Established Boundaries—Rereading Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī (d. 716/1316) on Public Interest (maṣlaḥa) and the Purpose of the Law

With the arrival of the twentieth century, in their legal theory, Muslim scholars began emphasizing public interest (maṣlaḥa) and the objectives (maqāṣid) of the Sharia. This stood often in contrast to the standards of traditional legal theory. To overcome this gap, scholars searched for concepts of premodern scholars, interpreted them in a way that allowed focusing on abstract categories like maṣlaḥa. An often-quoted figure in this regard is Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī (d. 716/1316). In his hadith commentary entitled al-Taʿyīn, al-Ṭūfī developed a legal framework in which he gave precedence to maṣlaḥa over the Quran, Sunna, and Consensus in cases where there are conflicts between these sources concerning the ruling for a given matter. Many contemporary scholars interpret al-Ṭūfī’s concept from a modern perspective. This approach either leads to overemphasizing al-Ṭūfī’s theory or rejecting it entirely. The present study will analyze al-Ṭūfī’s theory of maṣlaḥa within the established premodern epistemological and hermeneutical boundaries that al-Ṭūfī himself accepted. In doing so, it will locate al-Ṭūfī’s conception of maṣlaḥa in its historical context and in relation to al-Ṭūfī’s biography. The study will show that al-Ṭūfī’s theory, regardless of its modern reception, and with all its pitfalls, is an original attempt to find new ways for deriving norms within the boundaries of a well-established legal theory and in a specific historical context.

The ‘Autographic Self’: Facsimile Signatures and Lithographic Portraiture at the Crossroads of Liberalism, Romanticism and Nationalism, c. 1800–60

This article traces the cultural history of a portrait format popularised through the global expansion of lithographic printing. This format combined a traditional portrait vignette with a lithographic facsimile of the sitter’s signature. Such ‘facsimile-autographed’ portraits evoked the notion that sitters had physically signed their own likenesses – testifying not only to the veracity of the depiction, but displaying an indexical trace of embodied agency. The article argues that this format afforded a particularly cogent way to conceptualise and communicate ideas about selfhood and society in liberal, romantic, and nationalist political programmes. Such lithographic portraits did not simply ‘encode’ or ‘reflect’ these new ideas, however, but were part of a technological revolution that decentralised the production of mass media and thereby reshaped the societies in which such novel ideas flourished. By connecting the various expressions of public selfhood found in facsimile-autographed portraits to the way lithography expanded audiences and reshaped modes of conceptualising public and private life over the course of the nineteenth century, this article argues that established scholarly concepts like the ‘romantic self’ or ‘liberal self’ might be reconsidered through a new, technomaterial heuristic: the ‘lithographic self’.

Modern Arabic Scholars on Stress

The article comments on the most significant phonetic works, which describe: • theoretical provisions on the physiology of percussive sound generation, • its acoustic features and parameters of the vowel component - syllabic carrier, • rules for placing stress in Arabic words, • Peculiarities and differences in the generation of stress in different idioms of the Arab world. The aim of the paper is to describe the basic concepts of Arab scholars regarding the stress in the Arabic word. The authors take a different look at the articulatory mechanism and acoustic characteristics of stress, highlighting various parameters of the stressed syllable, such as effort, exhaled air volume, intensity, tone, duration and distinctness. The purpose of the description is to identify the common features of Arabic stress. The article examines the works of Ibrahim Anis, Muhammad al-Nuri, Tamam Hassan and Ahmad Mukhtar Umar – authors of the 20th century, when experimental phonetic studies among Arabic linguists were not yet carried out, therefore, the paper describes a purely theoretical study of the issue. As the main factor of the stressed syllable, Arabic authors choose the effort applied for its implementation, as well as the tone – this is noted in the works of all the listed linguists. Two authors highlight the characteristics of distinctness and duration. According to all authors, intensity makes the least contribution to the stress of a syllable. All factors are associated with great effort at the stage of articulation. The article describes the history of interest in stress in Arabic grammatical monographs, as well as the main provisions and approaches to its definition, which made it possible to further experimental study of the issue.

“Without Compassion We Don’t Have a Social Work Field”: A Thematic Analysis Exploring Social Workers’ Experiences with Compassion

ABSTRACT Purpose Evidence establishing the importance of compassion in the context of social work practice is emerging. Compassion, stemming from the Latin words com and pati, means to suffer with. Given the proximity social workers have to vast experiences of suffering, compassion may play a central role in providing meaningful care to individuals, communities, and systems. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore social workers’ definitions of and experiences with compassion. Method Participants included 12 social workers working across levels of practice in two Midwestern states in the United States. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Results Thematic analysis demonstrated three themes present in the data. Consistent with previous conceptual scholarship, the findings illustrated that compassion is a central component of social work practice. Additionally, results from the study demonstrated that social workers find compassion to be an imperative component of ethical practice and suggested that both barriers to and facilitators of compassion are present across levels of social work practice. Discussion and Conclusion This study adds to the growing body of social work scholarship exploring compassion and highlights implications for the social work discipline across levels of practice to more overtly center compassion in education, practice, and policy. Further research is needed to better understand multilevel barriers to compassion and develop strategies for overcoming them. Moreover, additional research is needed to holistically understand how to leverage and build upon the facilitators of compassion identified by participants in order to foster compassionate social workers, social work organizations, and systems.

Power and inequality in global value chains: Advancing the research agenda

AbstractPower is a central, but largely undertheorized, concept for scholars of global value chains (GVCs). In this introduction to a special issue on power and inequality in GVCs, the authors summarize the key insights from the articles gathered here and explain how the collection advances our understanding of the types and forms of power operating in GVCs and their effect on different dimensions of inequality.

Diversification of entrepreneurial activities in the agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy in the post-war period

In the context of modern development of agricultural producers, assessing the level of their activity efficiency and searching for an appropriate strategy for further development is essential. The aim of the article was to formulate a concept of sustainable development for agricultural producers based on identifying the most viable development strategy. The article’s methodological framework included the following methods of scientific inquiry: descriptive method, measurement and comparison methods, economic-mathematical modelling, induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, system-structural analysis. The essence of diversification of activities in the agricultural sector was examined and revealed, defining their role in forming sustainable development. To achieve this, theoretical concepts of Ukrainian and foreign scholars, as well as the categories of “diversification” and “sustainable development,” were synthesized. Subsequently, an analysis and forecast of land use by agricultural enterprises were conducted. The dynamics of changes in the structure of cultivated areas from 1991 to 2021 were determined, as this period marked the implementation of agricultural reform aimed at finding effective agricultural product producers. Changes in the magnitude of costs for primary resources in farm enterprises of the Kyiv region on the eve of the war were defined, and the economic efficiency of cultivating major agricultural crops was analysed. Based on established data, a development strategy was modelled for an average farm in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, considering the concept of diversification through the implementation and development of animal husbandry. Furthermore, directions for further development of agricultural entities were substantiated by deepening the diversification of activities through optimizing cultivated areas. The research outcomes could be considered in shaping the development strategy of entrepreneurial structures and evaluating their impact on sustainable development in the post-war period.

Imagining Protection from Domestic Gun Violence

This essay rhetorically analyzes stories about domestic gun violence from Everytown for Gun Safety’s website, “Moments That Survive.” These everyday writers challenge America’s dominant narrative of protection, offering a counternarrative of protection by asking readers to reimagine the perpetrators of gun violence, guns themselves, and moments of gun violence. Extending previous rhetorical scholarship, I demonstrate how and why “imagination” is an essential concept for rhetorical scholars seeking to understand gun violence rhetorics and advocates seeking to change them.

The Humanbecoming Concept Inventing Model: Having Courage.

The scholar birthed a unique idea of the universal humanuniverse living experience of having courage using the humanbecoming concept inventing model. Very few studies have explored the phenomenon of courage. This concept inventing emerged with the now-truth, having courage is intentional risking with commitment to the cherished arising with opportunities-restrictions. With the artform, by Andrea Fidler, the scholar articulated an ingenuous proclamation in the language of the humanbecoming paradigm; having courage is powering the valuing of enabling-limiting. This scholarly conceptualization of having courage will advance the unique nursing body of knowledge and is the prelude to the Parsesciencing inquiry on having courage.