Marketing Schemes Research Articles

The Sharing Energy Storage Mechanism for Demand Side Energy Communities

Energy storage (ES) units are vital for the reliable and economical operation of the power system with a high penetration of renewable distributed generators (DGs). Due to ES’s high investment costs and long payback period, energy management with shared ESs becomes a suitable choice for the demand side. This work investigates the sharing mechanism of ES units for low-voltage (LV) energy prosumer (EP) communities, in which energy interactions of multiple styles among the EPs are enabled, and the aggregated ES dispatch center (AESDC) is established as a special energy service provider to facilitate the scheduling and marketing mechanism. A shared ES operation framework considering multiple EP communities is established, in which both the energy scheduling and cost allocation methods are studied. Then a shared ES model and energy marketing scheme for multiple communities based on the leader–follower game is proposed. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition is used to transform the double-layer model into a single-layer model, and then the large M method and PSO-HS algorithm are used to solve it, which improves convergence features in both speed and performance. On this basis, a cost allocation strategy based on the Owen value method is proposed to resolve the issues of benefit distribution fairness and user privacy under current situations. A case study simulation is carried out, and the results show that, with the ES scheduling strategy shared by multiple renewable communities in the leader–follower game, the energy cost is reduced significantly, and all communities acquire benefits from shared ES operators and aggregated ES dispatch centers, which verifies the advantageous and economical features of the proposed framework and strategy. With the cost allocation strategy based on the Owen value method, the distribution results are rational and equitable both for the groups and individuals among the multiple EP communities. Comparing it with other algorithms, the presented PSO-HS algorithm demonstrates better features in computing speed and convergence. Therefore, the proposed mechanism can be implemented in multiple scenarios on the demand side.

Monitoring soil carbon in smallholder carbon projects: insights from Kenya

Voluntary carbon market schemes facilitate funding for projects promoting sustainable land management practices to sequester carbon in natural sinks such as biomass and soil, while also supporting agricultural production. The effectiveness of VCM schemes relies on accurate measurement mechanisms that can directly attribute carbon accumulation to project activities. However, measuring carbon sequestration in soils has proven to be difficult and costly, especially in fragmented smallholdings predominant in global agriculture. The cost and accuracy limitations of current methods to monitor soil organic carbon (SOC) limit the participation of smallholder farmers in global carbon markets, where they could potentially be compensated for adopting sustainable farming practices that provide ecosystem benefits. This study evaluates nine different approaches for SOC accounting in smallholder agricultural projects. The approaches involve the use of proximal and remote sensing, along with process models. Our evaluation centres on stakeholder requirements for the Measurement, Reporting, and Verification system, using the criteria of accuracy, level of standardisation, costs, adoptability, and the advancement of community benefits. By analysing these criteria, we highlight opportunities and challenges associated with each approach, presenting suggestions to enhance their applicability for smallholder SOC accounting. The contextual foundation of the research is a case study on the Western Kenya Soil Carbon Project. Remote sensing shows promise in reducing costs for direct and modelling-based carbon measurement. While it is already being used in certain carbon market applications, transparency is vital for broader integration. This demands collaborative work and investment in infrastructure like spectral libraries and user-friendly tools. Balancing community benefits against the detached nature of remote techniques is essential. Enhancing information access aids farmers, boosting income through improved soil and crop productivity, even with remote monitoring. Handheld sensors can involve smallholders, given consistent protocols. Engaging the community in monitoring can cut project costs, enhance agricultural capabilities, and generate extra income.

Health Care Fraud and Abuse: Lessons From One of the Largest Scandals of the 21st Century in the Field of Spine Surgery.

Up to hundreds of billions of dollars are annually lost to fraud and abuse in the US health care, making it a significant burden on the system. This study investigates a specific instance of health care fraud in spine surgery, in which a medical device company ended up paying $75 million to settle violations of the False Claims Act. We review the surgical background regarding the kyphoplasty procedure, as well as its billing and reimbursement details. We also explore the official legal complaint brought by the US Department of Justice to tell the story of how one of the most significant medical innovations in spine surgery in the 21st century turned into a widespread fraudulent marketing scheme. In the sequence, we provide a detailed root cause analysis of this scandal and propose some proactive measures that can be taken to avoid such type of unfortunate events. Ultimately, this historical health care scandal constitutes a valuable lesson to surgeons, health care administrators, medical device companies, and policymakers on how misaligned incentives and subsequent unscrupulous practices can transform a medical innovation into an unfortunate tale of fraud and deceit.

Factors That Encourage Investors to Decide to Invest in Shares in the Capital Market for the 2020-2023 Period (Covid-19 Pandemic): Systematic Literature Review

Investment is a very important element for a country because it has two roles, namely as a supporter of income and a driver of economic growth. In this research, the author analyzes what factors encourage investors to decide to invest in shares in the capital market. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. This research comes from articles published in 2020-2023 found in Publish or Perish and Google Scholar. Data is collected, identified and assessed before being systematically reviewed with the aim of supporting further research. The results of this review show that during the Covid-19 pandemic, many investors made stock investment decisions in the capital market due to psychological factors. As a result of the economic problems that have arisen as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, many people's perspectives have changed from previously preferring traditional investments such as deposits to looking for investment options that provide high returns such as mutual funds and shares with different investment objectives. This is also supported by the rapid development of digital and information technology during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has caused public participation in the capital market to increase. Many fintech companies that adopt automatic investment technology are able to remove obstacles for potential investors who lack investment literacy and limited capital without having to study and understand the entire investment scheme in the capital market. Apart from that, financial literacy is also mentioned as a factor that can determine stock investment decisions because the knowledge that comes from literacy will strengthen stock investment decisions.

Design and analysis of ride-sourcing services with auxiliary autonomous vehicles for transportation hubs in multi-modal transportation systems

Autonomous vehicles (AVs), which can be fully controlled by remote/online operators, could be an extension of ride-sourcing services provided by transportation network companies (TNCs). Meanwhile, substitutive and complementary relationships between ride-sourcing and public transit could also help TNCs increase their profit under certain strategies. Unlike previous studies that generally ignored either AVs or interactions between public transit and ride-sourcing, we introduce AV-involved operational strategies into a multi-modal system. In this paper, we focus on transportation hubs in an urban area and let the TNC assign AVs to these hubs for serving only within that particular hub at a differentiated fare; meanwhile, passengers could choose among AVs, human-driven vehicles (HVs), combined modes with public transit and AVs or HVs, or other travel modes to fulfill their travel needs. We develop a mathematical model to investigate the impacts of such an operational strategy, and formulate an optimisation problem to maximise the TNC's profit and minimise total waiting time simultaneously by adjusting AV fare and fleet size. We further propose a comprehensive modeling framework with the analytical model, optimisation problem, calibration method, and heuristic algorithm, making it a general approach for different real-world scenarios. Following the framework, we conduct a case study based on real-world datasets of public transit and ride-sourcing services in Hangzhou, China. Different market schemes are analyzed and compared with the currently existing situation. The results demonstrate that by adopting this auxiliary-AV-oriented operational strategy, the TNC's profit and public transit ridership can both be increased, and passengers could enjoy a shorter waiting time for HV ride-sourcing trips. Moreover, the TNC is more inclined to allocate more AVs to hubs with large commute needs and uncongested traffic, leading to a high profit for the TNC and a short waiting time for passengers. Societal preferences towards AV trips are also analyzed. The results provide in-depth references for real-world AV-related ride-sourcing operational problems.

Assessing the economic feasibility of voluntary carbon markets in land use management scenarios for Scottish saltmarshes

Saltmarshes have been valued for their multiple ecosystem services, including agriculture, recreation, habitats for fish and birds, coastal protection and carbon sequestration and long-term storage. However, because of the many threats faced, including rising sea levels, limited sediment supplies and anthropogenic impacts, saltmarshes require careful restoration and protection management to continue providing these benefits. In this study, we examined the feasibility of land abandonment caused by reinstated tidal flow in Scottish saltmarshes, based on the differential gains in soil carbon stock between natural saltmarshes and those manged for agricultural uses, and suggested considerations for a voluntary carbon market plan. The study's results showed that the proportion of Scottish saltmarshes used for agricultural activities was not very large (2.56 %, equivalent to 179.73 ha). The average net benefit (i.e., after removing the opportunity cost of land) of the new land use is GBP £ 5368.71/ha after a 67-year post-abandonment management program, showing that this model is economically viable to implement a carbon market mechanism. A voluntary carbon market scheme may be easier to implement than a compliance scheme, although the price of carbon credits under the voluntary carbon market is not high to fully compensate for the opportunity costs of land in all the Scottish regions. In effect, the carbon price at the break-even point (e.g., that balances the opportunity cost of land) in the Scottish regions varied widely (range £ 1.06–59.83/tC), which means that for regions with higher opportunity costs there is a need to consider compensating farmers through a blended private-public mechanism. Despite these difficulties, implementing saltmarshes management models for carbon market initiatives can benefit society in a broader sense, not just mitigate climate change.

The role of implementing carbon market scheme and carbon trading as an effort to mitigate climate change

Increasing the amount of greenhouse emissions is a challenge that must be faced considering that these emissions are one of the causes of greenhouse gases, the implementation of carbon markets and carbon trading is an effective effort to implement. Background: This journal aims to examine the role of carbon trading and carbon markets in reducing global emissions. Methods: The data collection method uses a literature review of reading materials that are relevant to the topic and uses qualitative analysis techniques. Finding: From the results of the research it can be seen that the application of an emission trading system is the right thing to implement to reduce carbon emissions, but in its implementation it still requires cooperation from several parties. Conclusion: The concept of trade and carbon market is very urgent to be implemented in Indonesia considering the deteriorating environmental conditions that will affect the quality of public health. The implementation of this system can achieve the emission reduction target as committed by Indonesia at the international level.

Game-Based Optimal Aggregation of Energy Prosumer Community With Mixed-Pricing Scheme in Two-Settlement Electricity Market

Game-Based Optimal Aggregation of Energy Prosumer Community With Mixed-Pricing Scheme in Two-Settlement Electricity Market

Exploring Differences in Trends Between Private and Subsidised Housing Prices in Hong Kong

As different classes of residential dwellings, government-subsidised Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) housing and unsubsidised private housing are aimed at adjacent groups of households on the housing ladder in Hong Kong. Subsidised housing is in high demand, and one important way of meeting it is to have better-endowed HOS families move up by buying into the private market. The paper explores the differences in price trends between these two classes of properties and attempts to find some of their determinants. Empirical analysis of historical prices of HOS and private housing reveals higher volatility in HOS prices and a differing trend with private market prices, as well as many more HOS transactions after the implementation of the White Form Secondary Market (WSM) Scheme.

АГРОМАРКЕТИНГ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

In the work, the management of agricultural resources is considered from the standpoint of the economic agrosystem, which should be built on the principles of optimization and predictability, which can be achieved due to the digitization of the industry. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the role of marketing in the process of collecting, analyzing and processing information. The purpose of the article is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the applied aspects of agricultural marketing in the conditions of digital transformation. The problems of the implementation of digital technologies in rural areas are identified: the reduction of the share of the rural population, which reduces opportunities in the field of education and employment, the limitation of the basic IT infrastructure and the need for investment costs for the implementation of specific digital solutions taking into account existing opportunities. Agromarketing is proposed to be considered as an integrative management system of an enterprise for the production and sale of agricultural products, which ensures the formation of sustainable relationships between agricultural enterprises and consumers to meet the needs of the population in agricultural products and services. This goal should be achieved by providing not only monitoring of the agricultural market, but also forecasting of long-term conditions with a high degree of reliability; minimization of the impact on the environment and production of quality products; formation of the appropriate material and technical base for the storage of agricultural products; minimization of intermediary structures. The main task of agricultural marketing is to identify and research the needs of potential consumers of agro-industrial complex; selection of products for production, establishment of its properties; coordination of terms and volumes of production; preservation and expansion of the existing market share in accordance with the set goals; increasing sales volumes and obtaining the desired results. The specificity of agro-industrial production and sale of agricultural products determines the variety of specific marketing schemes, including the study of the state and dynamics of consumer demand and the use of the obtained data in the process of developing and making economic decisions; maximum adaptation of production to market requirements in order to improve the efficiency of the enterprise's functioning; influencing market and consumer demand through means such as advertising, sales promotion and shaping in a direction that is meaningful to the enterprise. The work defines the main areas of implementation of digital technologies in marketing activities of agribusiness: digitalization of the agricultural market, digitalization in the field of enterprise management, precision agriculture with climate control, use of cloud platforms and big data analytics. At the same time, the implementation of digital technologies in the marketing activities of agribusiness should be carried out in parallel with the digital transformation of the entire industry.

Social Consumer Relation Management Using Social Media as a Marketing Scheme in University

Social media or called as ‘socmed’ is an online media that is frequently used by humans to improve in activities, which include promoting study programs of university. Most universities require a marketing scheme to promote certain study programs by using socmed. This study aims to investigate marketing strategies of universities using social costumer relation management (SCRM) and socmed. This is a qualitative study with a narrative model design. This study included about 2000 students from universities in South Sumatra, Lampung, Bengkulu, and Bangka Belitung, Indonesia. The samples were collected by proportional random sampling approach to attain the number of informants and data were collected through online interview questionnaire. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using coding approaches (open, axial, and selective coding) and value stream analysis. The findings revealed that SCRM can be an alternative marketing scheme for universities that utilize socmed to disseminate information owing to access easiness, complete and updated information, and attractive appearance.

Prospects of coconut cultivation in Tamil Nadu – A SWOT Analysis

Coconut is an important horticultural crop of the state of Tamil Nadu spreading across an area of 4.44 lakh hectares. Coconut is a victim of the catastrophes of climate change events like high temperature, excessive or deficit rainfall and increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. Coconut plantations in the state are hit by several pests and diseases, some of which are lethal, fatal and are debilitating in nature. An analysis of Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) for the prospects of coconut cultivation in the state revealed that edaphic and climatic factors, less labour requirement compared to other field crops of the state and access to technologies remain the great strength, while tropical cyclones hitting coastal districts of the state, failure of monsoon, wide fluctuations in copra price, lack of producer-centric market intelligence are the striking weakness for coconut cultivation. Improved varieties and hybrids with desired traits, establishment of processing industries, international cargo terminals to tap export market and crop insurance scheme in the event of climatic aberrations, remain the major opportunities while declining soil fertility, debilitating pests and dreadful diseases and poor scientific management owing to the fragmented land holdings are the major threats of coconut cultivation in the state of Tamil Nadu.

Research on the digital marketing scheme of Chinese market in the new era

In the reform and development of China's market economy, China has rapidly completed rapid economic development and become the world's second largest economy. Although many problems have emerged in practical development, so that the academic community will focus on the issue of market reform. However, with the continuous improvement of social economy and science and technology, how to explore the basic theory and practical experience of market economy transformation? Rational use of the system to explore the demands of China's market economy transformation and clarify the digital marketing plan of China's market in the new era have become the main issues discussed by the academic circle in the new era. Therefore, after understanding the development status of China's e-commerce market, based on the basic concepts and research reviews of digital economy, this paper takes an enterprise as an example to deeply analyze the digital marketing plan and implementation strategy of China's market in the new era, so as to provide effective digital marketing strategies for the development of enterprises in each field.

Peer-to-peer electricity markets risk analysis: Assessing the impact of utilizing local storage as a risk mitigation mechanism

Prosumers, who both produce and consume electricity will play a critical role in the future of electricity markets; however, they confront the associated risks of actively participating in P2P markets. Implementing mechanisms and technologies that decrease the market risk of household communities, will increase the tendency of prosumers to participate in P2P markets. The impact of utilizing local storage within a community of households on the risk-adjusted benefit of the prosumers has been quantified, analyzed and investigated in the present study. To address this issue, a two-stage market mechanism was proposed, in which a group of prosumers trade electricity through a P2P market scheme while can use their own renewable electricity production and local storage. The two-stage optimization problem of resource allocation has been solved for a one-day time horizon and a one-hour time step. A SARIMA time series model has been implemented to generate intra-day scenarios, addressing the stochastic behavior of renewable generation. We found that implementing the P2P trading and local storage simultaneously, decreases the community electricity cost by 36 % and increases the risk-adjusted benefit of prosumers by 13 %. Moreover, utilizing local storage, as an individual solution will result in a 5.9 % reduction in community risk when the P2P market is implemented. In other words, we have shown that local storage is a feasible solution to mitigate the risk of P2P markets and increase the desirability of active participation in such markets from the prosumers’ point of view.

Auditors’ Carbon Risk Consideration under the EU Emission Trading System

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the effects of clients’ carbon risk on audit pricing. Using data from 438 EU companies for the period 2013–2019, we find a positive relationship between carbon risk (measured by the level of carbon emissions) and audit fees. Furthermore, we find that participation in the European Union’s Emission Trading System, a limited market and regulation scheme to mitigate special industries’ Greenhouse Gas emissions, strengthens the positive relationship between carbon risk and audit fees. Insights from additional tests indicate that auditors price carbon risk particularly for large clients that are under greater public scrutiny and that the increase in fees rather stems from a risk premium charged by the auditor than higher audit effort. With interest in climate change developing rapidly across society, practice and research combined with the increasing importance of reducing carbon risk, our findings are timely and should thus appeal to a wide variety of recipients.

Analysis of Luckin Coffees Operating, Marketing and Expansion Strategies

As the big data applications and online retail mode get increasingly involved in daily lives, differential marketing and operating strategies are continuously surfacing. With the exponential expansion, China's coffee industry is catching up to the average global consumption rate. More and more emerging companies are appearing in people's fields of vision in this cutthroat industry that is still far from being saturated. Luckin Coffee, the first Chinese coffee company, revolutionized the traditional coffee industry with its digital operations, big data planning, and fission marketing. This paper will focus on Luckin Coffee, a rising star in Chinas coffee market, by examining and analyzing the operating and marketing schemes that they implement under such big environments. By exploiting case analysis, comparative analysis, data analysis, and document analysis, the advancement of Luckins operating and marketing strategies can be concluded, consisting of disparate positioning of offline coffee shops, mass implementation of fission marketing, alleviating time duration on delivery and self-pickup services, and innovation on taste and products by big data predictions.

The New Approach to Channel Marketing in the FMCG Industry: Based on the Comparative Analysis of Few Cases of Blue Moon and NAIS

The epidemics impact has led to the adjustment of global supply chains, and the upgrading of Chinese consumers' consumption concepts has brought challenges to the FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) industry. At the same time, the product homogenization of the consumer goods daily chemical industry is serious, and the brand lacks innovation and vitality. The development of the IT (Information Technology) era to the DT (Data Technology) era has changed the mainstream publicity method of advertising media. In this context, innovation has become the core product of the FMCG industry. Therefore, this paper will analyze the effective new channel marketing scheme from the perspective of channel marketing through the comparison method of a few cases, and study how to use channel marketing to improve the marketing vitality of brands and obtain market growth. The research in this paper will provide theoretical support for the channel marketing of FMCG daily chemical products, and propose a channel marketing model from a new perspective to solve the lack of product innovation and improve brand vitality.

How to promote the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction scheme in the carbon market? A study based on tripartite evolutionary game model

The Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) scheme is of great significance for China to achieve its “dual carbon” targets. However, limited effort has been made to explore the CCER scheme due to poor data availability and the short implementation time. Therefore, this study constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving the government, carbon emission control enterprise, and renewable energy enterprise, to analyze the evolutionary stability of each subject's strategy choice. The results indicate that: (1) Strict regulation of the government could promote carbon emission control enterprise to actively purchase CCER quotas, and motivate renewable energy enterprise to declare CCER projects. (2) When the corresponding condition is met, the system could reach the ideal evolutionary steady state of (1,1,1), and keep a stable operational status for the CCER scheme market. (3) The condition of the CCER price below the carbon price, appropriate penalties for non-compliance of carbon emissions, the dynamic balance between carbon offset rate and project declaration cost, and proper subsidies for CCER project declaration, all could promote the development of CCER projects in the carbon market. This study could enrich the knowledge hierarchy of CCER and provide important decision references for developing the CCER scheme in the carbon market.

Regulatory commitment versus non-commitment: Electric vehicle adoption under subsidies and emission standards

We compare two regulatory structures in the application of emission standards and a subsidy scheme in the automobile market. The regulator can either commit to an emission standard or is not able to commit. Firms compete á la Cournot and produce fuel-powered and electric vehicles. The emissions of fuel-powered vehicles can be abated by means of investing in emission-reducing innovation. Our results indicate that under commitment there are less emissions, higher subsidies and a major adoption of electric vehicles. By contrast, non-commitment yields more fuel-powered vehicles, more vehicles in total and higher consumer surplus. Electric vehicle producers obtain higher profits under commitment, whereas fuel-powered vehicle producers might be better off under both regulatory structures. Social welfare is higher under non-commitment as long as environmental damages are regarded severe. Otherwise, commitment is socially preferable. This result provides an explanation for observed differences in the duration of environmental standards between the US, the EU and China.

Techno-economic feasibility of hybrid hydro-FPV systems in Sub-Saharan Africa under different market conditions

Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are an emerging and increasingly competitive application of solar PV, especially in land area-constrained countries. This study focuses on the optimal dimensioning and scheduling of a grid-connected hybrid hydro-FPV system. The case study is based on a cascade hydropower system located in Sub-Saharan Africa. The techno-economic feasibility of the hybrid system is analysed under different types of revenue streams and load commitments. Moreover, the resource complementarity between solar irradiation and reservoir water inflow in different weather years is analysed. A linear programming model for optimal dimensioning/scheduling of a hybrid hydro-FPV system is proposed. The results indicate that hybridisation with FPV can under the proposed PPA and spot market structure increase the annual producer profits by 18–21% and 0–4%, respectively compared to a hydro-only system. Furthermore, it is estimated that the CAPEX of FPV should be around 42–57% lower than that of ground-mounted PV (GPV) with single-axis tracking for the hydro-FPV system to reach the same annual producer profit as the hydro-GPV system. Considering improved efficiency by cooling the FPV modules, the revenues increase by 0–3% depending on the selected weather year and market scheme.