Quantum Teleportation Scheme Research Articles

Two different efficient controlled quantum teleportation schemes via four-qubit cluster state

Abstract By utilizing the four-qubit cluster state as quantum channel, two efficient quantum schemes for teleporting an arbitrary single-qubit state in a controlled manner are put forward. In one scheme the controller needs to dominate a qubit only, while in another scheme the controller has to hold two qubits. The inspection of the necessary operations indicates that both schemes are feasible in terms of the current technologies. Moreover, these two schemes are compared with two competing schemes which employ the same quantum channel [i.e., the JM-schemes proposed by Jiang and Mo, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56, 3084 (2017)]. It is found that, in contrast to the JM-schemes, the schemes we proposed have some prominent advantages, such as lower consumption of classical information, fewer necessary local quantum operations, and higher intrinsic efficiency.

Critical Assessment of Information Back-Flow in Measurement-Free Teleportation.

We assess a scheme for measurement-free quantum teleportation from the perspective of the resources underpinning its performance. In particular, we focus on claims recently made about the crucial role played by the degree of non-Markovianity of the dynamics of the information carrier whose state we aim to teleport. We prove that any link between the efficiency of teleportation and the back-flow of information depends fundamentally on the way the various operations entailed by the measurement-free teleportation protocol are implemented while-in general-no claim of causal link can be made. Our result reinforces the need for the explicit assessment of the underlying physical platform when assessing the performance and resources for a given quantum protocol and the need for a rigorous quantum resource theory of non-Markovianity.

Nonclassicality and teleportation fidelity probes in amplitude-tailored superconducting charge qubits

Optimal procedures and appropriate designs of transmitting channels are required to preserve quantum correlations (QCs) in quantum teleportation schemes. In pursuit of this objective, a comprehensive investigation into the intricate dynamics of a quantum channel comprising two singular Cooper-pair charge qubits, mutually coupled and influenced by Josephson energy, has been undertaken. The use of the Gibbs density operator has provided valuable insights into the thermal quantum characteristics and teleportation fidelity of the system. Furthermore, this study underscores the critical interplay between the energy parameters and the utilization of quantum features to establish conducive conditions for the preservation of nonclassicality and the success of the teleportation scheme. Additionally, the study reveals that trace distance discord is the most resilient in the thermal output state, surpassing both concurrence and the degree of violation of Bell’s inequality. Notably, precise control of the input state amplitude and adept manipulation of the energy parameters have enhanced QCs and resulted in the teleportation fidelity exceeding the classical limit.

Asymptotic teleportation scheme bridging between standard and port-based teleportation

Various modified quantum teleportation schemes are proposed to overcome experimental constraints or to meet specific application requirements for quantum communication. Hence, most schemes are developed and studied with unique methodologies, each with its own inherent challenges. Our research focuses on interconnecting these schemes, which appear to be unrelated to each other, based on the idea that the unique advantages of one scheme can compensate for the limitations of another. In this paper, we introduce an asymptotic teleportation scheme that requires the receiver to complete a classical selection task before performing a quantum correction. This scheme bridges standard teleportation with port-based teleportation through the transformation of joint measurements. Specifically, we categorize and analytically investigate protocols within this scheme for qubit systems. Given that the linear optics teleportation protocol without ancilla qubits is contained in the two non-trivial groups, we provide a novel perspective on its expansion. Furthermore, we discuss the potential application of a protocol from one of these groups as a universal programmable processor and extend these protocols to higher-dimensional systems while maintaining the same properties and potential, providing the analytic form of the joint measurement and its performance. These results thereby propose new avenues for developing a quantum network in higher-dimensional systems.

Cyclic quantum teleportation of two-qubit entangled states by using six-qubit cluster state and six-qubit entangled state

Cyclic quantum teleportation schemes requires at least the existence of three collaborators acting all as senders and receivers of quantum information, each one of them has an information to be transmitted to the next neighbour in a circular manner. Here, new cyclic quantum teleportation scheme is proposed for perfectly transmitting cyclically three arbitrary unknown two-qubit states (α\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\alpha $$\\end{document}, β\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\beta $$\\end{document} and γ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\gamma $$\\end{document}) among the three collaborators. In this scheme, Alice can send to Bob the quantum information contained in her two-qubit state α\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\alpha $$\\end{document} and receive from Charlie the quantum information contained in the two-qubit state in his possession γ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\gamma $$\\end{document} and similarly, Bob can transmit to Charlie the quantum information contained in his two-qubit state β\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\beta $$\\end{document} through a quantum channel of twelve-qubit state consisting of a six-qubit cluster state and a six-qubit entangled state by sequentially and cyclically performing Bell state measurements. Subsequently, each one of the three participants can afterwards retrieve his own desired two-qubit state using classical channel and by performing appropriate unitary Pauli operators and we have shown that our proposed scheme performs efficiently.

Large teleportation of two-qubit state between non-neighboring nodes based on the utilization of multiple cluster states within quantum networks

The transmission of quantum states over extended distances is constrained by photon losses, ruling out direct amplification akin to classical telecommunications due to the non-cloning theorem. Overcoming this challenge involves implementing quantum repeater protocols that leverage entanglement swapping to create long-distance entanglement from shorter distances. A novel multi-hop quantum teleportation scheme, blending concepts from quantum repeaters and teleportation, is under exploration. It aims to transfer arbitrary two-qubit states between two distant parties, even in the absence of a direct quantum channel. Intermediate nodes, connected via a four-qubit entangled cluster state as quantum channels, are introduced based on a more general routing protocol. Bell measurements are independently conducted by the source node (Alice) and all intermediate nodes, with simultaneous transmission of measurement results, significantly reducing time consumption. Determining the quantum state from Bell measurement results requires only the destination node (Bob) for a simple unitary transformation. Moreover, this protocol holds promise for implementation on the IBM Quantum Experience platform once the requisite quantum circuits are designed. This overview encompasses both the theoretical and simulated status of the proposed scheme, with simulated findings incorporated into quantum state tomography to verify the accuracy of the transmitted quantum state.

Quantum teleportation scheme using entangled two ququads and its noise effects

Quantum teleportation scheme using entangled two ququads and its noise effects

Low-cost nonlocal Toffoli gate in a linear quantum network topology

Although a Toffoli gate can be equivalently implemented using several single-qubit and two-qubit gates, it will consume much resource, two of which are nonlocal controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates acting on two non-adjacent nodes, especially in distributed quantum computation (DQC). We, for the first time, employ an ancillary qubit to construct a nonlocal Toffoli gate for DQC in linear network topology. The ancillary-qubit-based scheme needs fewer qubits, quantum gates, and entanglement states than that based on quantum teleportation scheme and the entanglement swapping scheme. We also analyze the performance of the three proposed schemes under different application scenarios, and present their pros and cons. Our work will help to implement DQC in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era.

Short-distance quantum teleportation scheme for arbitrary unknown three-dimensional two-qutrit states

Short-distance quantum teleportation scheme for arbitrary unknown three-dimensional two-qutrit states

Quantum walk-based controlled quantum teleportation schemes under the effect of decoherence in Markovian and non-Markovian regimes

Quantum walk-based controlled quantum teleportation schemes under the effect of decoherence in Markovian and non-Markovian regimes

Controlled quantum teleportation with the ability to change the destination of qubits

Quantum sciences and technologies introduce a new arena whose applications are widely used in the microscopic world. Quantum communication is also an important branch of quantum science by which we intend to transmit quantum information. Quantum teleportation is important because it uses the entanglement principle which is unique in quantum space to transmit quantum information. In fact, in this type of protocol, no information is sent and everything is transmitted using the miracle of entanglement. In this paper, an attempt is made to present a quantum teleportation scheme that, unlike the other designs, can change the destination of qubits. This means that at the beginning of the protocol, the receivers have no idea who has sent the qubits, and the controller decides how these communications will work. At last, noise analysis is presented.

Hierarchical controlled cyclic quantum teleportation

In this paper, a new hierarchical controlled cyclic quantum teleportation scheme is proposed, which can be applied to hierarchical quantum information transmission in a variety of application scenarios. In this scheme, Charlie in the low-level position can only complete simple sending tasks under the control of Bob, while Alice in the middle-level position needs to complete ordinary sending tasks under the control of Charlie and Diana; Bob in the high-level position needs to complete important tasks sent to Charlie under the control of the controller Diana and the high-level controller Eve. Diana and Eve can be regarded as both internal middle and high-level managers as well as different external regulators. Finally, this paper also discusses the number of controllers and their control capabilities, and briefly proposes a simplified hierarchical cyclic quantum teleportation scheme, which provides more options for users with different needs.

A Scheme for Quantum Teleportation and Remote Quantum State Preparation of IoT Multiple Devices.

With the continuous development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the industry's awareness of the security of the IoT is also increasing, and the adoption of quantum communication technology can significantly improve the communication security of various devices in the IoT. This paper proposes a scheme of controlled remote quantum state preparation and quantum teleportation based on multiple communication parties, and a nine-qubit entanglement channel is used to achieve secure communication of multiple devices in the IoT. The channel preparation, measurement operation, and unitary operation of the scheme were successfully simulated on the IBM Quantum platform, and the entanglement degree and reliability of the channel were verified through 8192 shots. The scheme's application in the IoT was analyzed, and the steps and examples of the scheme in the secure communication of multiple devices in the IoT are discussed. By simulating two different attack modes, the effect of the attack on the communication scheme in the IoT was deduced, and the scheme's high security and anti-interference ability was analyzed. Compared with other schemes from the two aspects of principle and transmission efficiency, it is highlighted that the advantages of the proposed scheme are that it overcomes the single fixed one-way or two-way transmission protocol form of quantum teleportation in the past and can realize quantum communication with multiple devices, ensuring both security and transmission efficiency.

Asymmetric bidirectional quantum qubit teleportation scheme via six-qubit Bell-cluster state

Using a six-qubit Bell-cluster state, we proposed an asymmetric bidirectional quantum teleportation scheme. Two participants Anne and Benson are both the sender and receiver. Only applying Bell-state measurement, single- and two-qubit unitary operations as well as classical communication, Anne can transmit an arbitrary two-qubit unknown state to Benson, meanwhile Benson can also send an arbitrary single-qubit unknown state to Anne. Analysis shows that our scheme is feasible with the present experiment technologies.

Cost-Effective Bidirectional Controlled Quantum Teleportation Scheme by Using Nine-Qubit Entangled State

Cost-Effective Bidirectional Controlled Quantum Teleportation Scheme by Using Nine-Qubit Entangled State

Improving the Capacity of Quantum Dense Coding and the Fidelity of Quantum Teleportation by Weak Measurement and Measurement Reversal.

A protective scheme of quantum dense coding and quantum teleportation of the X-type initial state is proposed in amplitude damping noisy channel with memory using weak measurement and measurement reversal. Compared with the noisy channel without memory, the memory factor improves both the capacity of quantum dense coding and the fidelity of the quantum teleportation to a certain extent for the given damping coefficient. Although the memory factor can inhibit decoherence in some degree, it cannot eliminate it completely. In order to further overcome the influence of the damping coefficient, the weak measurement protective scheme is proposed, which found that the capacity and the fidelity can be efficiently improved by adjusting weak measurement parameter. Another practical conclusion is that, among the three initial states, the weak measurement protective scheme has the best protective effect on the Bell-state in terms of the capacity and the fidelity. For the channel with no memory and full memory, the channel capacity of quantum dense coding reaches two and the fidelity of quantum teleportation reaches one for the bit system; the Bell system can recover the initial state completely with a certain probability. It can be seen that the entanglement of the system can be well protected by the weak measurement scheme, which provides a good support for the realization of quantum communication.

Symmetric bidirectional quantum teleportation using a six-qubit cluster state as a quantum channel

Bidirectional quantum teleportation is a fundamental protocol for exchanging quantum information between two quantum nodes. Till now, all bidirectional quantum teleportation protocols have achieved a maximum efficiency of $$40\%$$ . Here, we propose a new scheme for a symmetric bidirectional quantum teleportation using a six-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel, for symmetric ( $$3\leftrightarrow 3$$ ) qubit bidirectional quantum teleportation of a special three-qubit entangled state. The novelty of our scheme lies in its generalisation for ( $$N\leftrightarrow N$$ ) qubit bidirectional quantum teleportation employing a 2N-qubit cluster state. The efficiency of the proposed protocol is remarkably increased to $$50\%$$ which is the highest till now. Interestingly, only GHZ-state measurements and four Toffoli-gate operations are necessary which is independent of the number (N) of qubits to be teleported.

Multi-hop quantum teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit state based on hierarchical simultaneous entanglement swapping

Combined with hierarchy simultaneous entanglement swapping, the scheme of the multi-hop quantum teleportation (QT) is proposed by using multi-pair Bell states. The scheme consists of two levels based on simultaneous entanglement swapping, namely Level-1 and Level-2. The former realizes simultaneous entanglement swapping of the inner segment, while the latter completes simultaneous entanglement swapping of the inter segment. Besides, the effect of four different types of noise (phase-damping, amplitude-damping, phase-flip, and bit-flip noise) on our scheme is analyzed by calculating the fidelity and concurrence. The results indicate that the fidelity and concurrence are related to the amplitude parameter, decoherence rate and number of nodes. Furthermore, compared with the scheme of the multi-hop QT adopting simultaneous entanglement swapping, our scheme can greatly reduce classical communication cost, and shows that the optimal classical communication cost can be obtained by selecting different segmentation methods.

Four-directional controlled quantum teleportation by using a nine-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel

In this paper, we propose a four-directional controlled quantum teleportation (CQT) by using a nine-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel. In 2020, a scheme for four-directional controlled quantum teleportation by using a 10-qubit state as the quantum resource had been proposed in X. W. Zha and K. Li [Mod. Phys. Lett. B 34, 2050412 (2020)] in which the controller has no control over the two teleportation processes. In this study, it is also shown that two receivers cannot reconstruct the original state sent from the respective senders and hence the teleportation processes cannot be completed in the previous scheme. However, these problems have been resolved in our proposed scheme in which the controller has control over all the teleportation processes and none of the receivers can reconstruct the original state sent from the respective senders without the permission of the controller. Thus, our proposed scheme reduces the consumption of quantum resource and is more secure and successful as compared to the previous scheme.

Probabilistic resumable quantum teleportation for an arbitrary two-qubit entangled state with different quantum channels

We propose two probabilistic resumable quantum teleportation schemes for an arbitrary two-qubit entangled state with different quantum channels. The characteristic of our schemes is that the initial state in the sender’s hand can be recovered instead of being destroyed when teleportation fails, so we can improve the success probabilities by repeating the teleportation process more times. The analysis results show that the number of repetitions required for successful teleportation depends on the entanglement strength of the quantum channels, and even weak entanglement enables a high probability of success.