Schema Transformation Research Articles

Mapping method for complex mechatronic equipment relationship data to contextual semantic-constrained knowledge graphs

Complex mechatronic equipment’s complete life cycle information model includes multidimensional data on structure, qualities, behavior, and limitations. The data are diverse, derived from multiple sources, and include both streaming and non-streaming cyber-physical data. The product data system’s structured relational model, which is represented by the XBOM (X Bill of Material), is primarily where this data is stored. However, with the growing amount of equipment information, this relatively isolated and redundant architecture poses challenges. Within relational models, the growing intricacy of inner-outer key joins impedes effective data mining and retrieval for dynamic digital twin business applications. In response, this study proposes a knowledge graph transformation method that takes into account the semantic restrictions of the business application context to translate relational data to entities and semantic expressions. The method builds a knowledge context constraint meta-model by classifying data according to context semantics into one-hop entities, multi-hop entities, and abstract classes. Additionally, an ontology-based data extraction transformation method and an ontology-based mapping algorithm based on relational schema transformation are introduced in this article. This strategy significantly minimizes knowledge redundancy and enhances retrieval performance, as demonstrated by experimental verification through the development of a relational data mapping tool software.

Query-based denormalization using hypergraph (QBDNH): a schema transformation model for migrating relational to NoSQL databases

Query-based denormalization using hypergraph (QBDNH): a schema transformation model for migrating relational to NoSQL databases

Towards explaining graph neural networks via preserving prediction ranking and structural dependency

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated their efficacy in representing graph-structured data, but their lack of explainability hinders their applicability to critical tasks. Existing GNNs explainers fail to consider the prediction ranking consistency between the original graph and the explanation, which is critical for preserving the fidelity of the explainer. Moreover, the structural dependency in the graph, reflecting the distinctive learning schema of the model, is ignored in current GNN explainers. To this end, we propose the NeuralSort based Plackett-Luce model to guide the parameter learning of the explainer via a differentiable ranking loss to ensure the explainer’s fidelity to the GNNs. Additionally, a graph transformation schema explicitly modeling the edge dependency is proposed for constructing the mask generator. By integrating the aforementioned strategies, we propose a novel framework for explaining GNNs in a faithful manner. Through comprehensive experiments both for node classification and graph classification on BA-Shapes, BA-Community, Graph-Twitter, and Graph-SST5 datasets, the proposed framework achieves 149.67%, 51.43%, 40.747%, and 28.87% improvements compared with the state-of-the-art explainers in terms of fidelity to the GNNs. Data and code are available at https://github.com/ymzhang0103/RDPExplainer.

현대중국어 동사 ‘打’의 다의성과 영상도식 변형 연구

현대중국어 동사 ‘打’의 다의성과 영상도식 변형 연구

Development of an adaptive graphic web interface model for editing XML data

The ability of the end user to work with a large amount of data from a large number of heterogeneous sources and at the same time get an effective result from the work is carried out through the use of graphical web interfaces built on the basis of XML technologies that allow displaying any structure of a file presented in XML format. As a data exchange method between applications on the Web, XML still lacks capabilities for identification of web resources and a system that uses them, and capabilities to express the knowledge provided by XLM documents. In this study, a web interface has been developed (a web-based server application), as an XML records editor that provides display forms for the creation and editing of XML documents and is able to adapt to the internal resources of the system used. The technology is based on the XSD data set schema transformation by the way of XSLT transformations. Screen forms are generated on the server side and are provided to the user with all the necessary tools for correct input and/or editing of heterogeneous data. A distinguishing characteristic of this technology is the ability to display both properly and improperly formed XML data. The developed graphical interface allows any application to automatically exchange and read information from other applications without human intervention, which significantly improves performance and ease of use. This software solution could be used both as an independent data building and editing module presented in the XML format, and as a built-in module plugged into various server software for heterogeneous information management systems

Multiple senses of the verb pegar in Brazilian Portuguese: transformation of image schemas

RESUMO Visando identificar se os sentidos do verbo pegar formam uma categoria radial face aos mecanismos sociocognitivos que os motivam, o presente artigo analisa suas ocorrências no corpus D&G do Rio de Janeiro. Primeiro verifica qual é a forma mais recorrente, suas possíveis variações e/ou regularidades por meio do software AntConc 3.5.8. Em seguida, as interpreta qualitativamente no contexto de uso e à luz dos conceitos de categoria radial (Lakoff, 1987), esquemas imagéticos, suas transformações e mapeamentos metafóricos e metonímicos (Johnson, 1987; Lakoff, 1987). Foram encontrados seis grupos de sentido estruturados pelos esquemas MOVIMENTO-TRAJETÓRIA. As extensões derivam da metaforização do esquema OBJETO, das transformações de esquema e consequentes alterações de foco, assim como das metáforas e metonímias que os licenciam, engatilhadas por pistas linguístico-discursivas e contextuais. No centro prototípico encontra-se o pegar objetos em que TRAJETOR É CONTÊINER. Nas radiais mais periféricas, encontram-se o pegar ideias e o pegar orientacional em que IDEIAS SÃO OBJETOS e LOCAL DE CHEGADA É OBJETO, respectivamente. Dentre os sentidos, encadearam-se segurar, agredir, buscar, mover-se no discurso, conjecturar e seguir uma direção.

Exploration of Digital Transformation Schema for Professional Degree Postgraduate Training

Exploration of Digital Transformation Schema for Professional Degree Postgraduate Training

Declarative RDF graph generation from heterogeneous (semi-)structured data: A systematic literature review

More and more data in various formats are integrated into knowledge graphs. However, there is no overview of existing approaches for generating knowledge graphs from heterogeneous (semi-)structured data, making it difficult to select the right one for a certain use case. To support better decision making, we study the existing approaches for generating knowledge graphs from heterogeneous (semi-)structured data relying on mapping languages. In this paper, we investigated existing mapping languages for schema and data transformations, and corresponding materialization and virtualization systems that generate knowledge graphs. We gather and unify 52 articles regarding knowledge graph generation from heterogeneous (semi-)structured data. We assess 15 characteristics on mapping languages for schema transformations, 5 characteristics for data transformations, and 14 characteristics for systems. Our survey paper provides an overview of the mapping languages and systems proposed the past two decades. Our work paves the way towards a better adoption of knowledge graph generation, as the right mapping language and system can be selected for each use case.

An Efficient Schema Transformation Technique for Data Migration from Relational to Column-Oriented Databases

Data transformation is the core process in migrating database from relational database to NoSQL database such as column-oriented database. However, there is no standard guideline for data transformation from relational database to NoSQL database. A number of schema transformation techniques have been proposed to improve data transformation process and resulted better query processing time when compared to the relational database query processing time. However, these approaches produced redundant tables in the resulted schema that in turn consume large unnecessary storage size and produce high query processing time due to the generated schema with redundant column families in the transformed column-oriented database. In this paper, an efficient data transformation technique from relational database to column-oriented database is proposed. The proposed schema transformation technique is based on the combination of denormalization approach, data access pattern and multiple-nested schema. In order to validate the proposed work, the proposed technique is implemented by transforming data from MySQL database to MongoDB database. A benchmark transformation technique is also performed in which the query processing time and the storage size are compared. Based on the experimental results, the proposed transformation technique showed significant improvement in terms query processing time and storage space usage due to the reduced number of column families in the column-oriented database.

Cognitive Flexibility in Schoolchild Through the Graphic Representation of Movement.

Neuroconstructivism postulates the progressive complexity of mental representation over the course of cognitive development and the role of the graphic representation of movement in the transformation of mental schemas, cognitive flexibility, and representational complexity. This study aims to: (1) understand children’s resources in the drawing of movement (5–8 years); and (2) verify whether there are differences in the graphic representation of movement as an indicator of cognitive flexibility. The participants were N = 240 children aged 5–8 years; 1,440 drawings were collected representing 2,880 characters (both animate and inanimate) from six stories. The analysis consisted: (1) data quality control, using the kappa coefficient, and Generalizability Theory to test the instrument’s validity and reliability; (2) Multivariate General Analysis and Mixed Linear Analysis of the factors (age and stories); (3) Multivariate General Analysis of the graphic components: categories and microcategories, as well as the elements that make up the macrocategories: “Static,” “Indication,” and “Movement”; and (4) calculation of the generalizability coefficient (G-coefficient). The results show that: (a) age best explains variability, with a high effect size (η2 = 0.732) across all components (F = 153.445; p < 0.001), thus increasing its complexity and (b) at ages 6 and 7, “Indication” appears as a modulator of “Static” (age 5) toward “Movement” (age 8). The generalizability coefficient is optimal (0.995). It is concluded that changes in the initial graphic representation of movement may interactively transform mental representation, thus increasing cognitive flexibility and prompting teaching applications to optimize such changes.

A Study on Information-Preserving Schema Transformations

The problem of determining the relative information capacity between two knowledge bases or schemas, of the same or different models, is inherent when implementing schema transformations. When restructuring one schema into another, one expects that the schema transformation supports the complete and correct mapping of all the information contents from the source schema to the target schema. Such a characteristic is commonly referred to as information capacity preservation or schema dominance. This paper presents a formal and constructive approach to measure the relative information capacity, in the restricted case of first-order schemas related by first-order mappings. It complements the existing definitions of information capacity preservation from the perspective of model theory, showing the exact relationships among the constraints of the involved schemas, the mappings between the components of these schemas, and the database states which the schemas admit. Since satisfying some sort of schema equivalence property is essential in areas such as database conceptual design and database reverse engineering, our approach allows us to characterize the notion of normalization in database design. We review the current literature concerning database normal forms and decompositions. We also review the process of reverse engineering a database schema. In addition, we provide deeper insight into database reverse engineering methodologies, suggesting horizontal decompositions as a useful tool for facilitating the discovery of more specific objects and relationships in the conceptualization phase of the process. With the aid of simple examples, we show the essence behind our reasoning. We discuss the need for an unambiguous means through which objects in the output schema can be identified. Ultimately, the knowledge this paper ensues will be beneficial to database engineers in performing a correct schema transformation.

Uncertainty Modeling of Object-Oriented Biomedical Information in HBase

While object-oriented databases (OODBs) are known to be rich in functionality, HBase database, which is a distributed and scalable big data store, as well as uncertain databases have recently gained a lot of attention in the database community. This paper presents a methodology for handling an important step of knowledge integrations and migrations. In particular, a formal approach for reengineering fuzzy object-oriented databases in HBase is firstly developed. The reengineering approach is based on the technique of rule-based schema mapping, which defines a set of transformation rules involved in the process of schema transformations for mapping a fuzzy object-oriented database schema into a fuzzy HBase database schema. In addition, a formal approach to map the fuzzy object-oriented algebra into fuzzy HBase algebra is proposed. On this basis, we complement the work with a comprehensive set of experiments to show the efficiency of our proposed approach in terms of query time and scalability metrics.

What is an image schema? Looking for an answer in Latvian and Mandarin Chinese

Image schema is one of the key notions in the discussions of the semantics of spatial adpositions. The diversity of related topics and the abundance of literature on these conceptual primitives makes the concept image schema difficult to grasp. The aim of this article is to clarify this notion by explicating on some important aspects of the schematization and representation of spatial scenes using the CONTAINMENT schema as an example. The article also demonstrates that the cross-linguistic comparison of an image schema is an effective method employed to better understand the universal cognitive processes underlying language use. The article contains a comparison of the spatial functional units that express the CONTAINMENT schema in Latvian and Mandarin Chinese, a discussion of the blurriness of the boundary between the concepts containment and support and their relation to the concept location. The relationship between image schemas and semantic frames, the factors that influence schematization and the phenomenon of parallel usage of locative units are discussed too. Image schema transformations are characterized as the mechanism of extending the meanings of spatial phrases.

The Data Warehouse Design Problem through a Schema Transformation Method

An 'operational-data-base' is a common archive of information. The OLTP's are utilized for everyday exchange handling and don't satisfy the out of the requesting assignments of data preparing and information examination. Another structure technique is required to outline OLTP DB's information into MD information display. The MD information display is an objective data reproduction originates from the undertakings, they have measure of information, and however they can't get to it. They utilize a similar pursuit designs everyday and information more often than not will be not set up for a simple questions. The MD show speaks to a measure that relies upon an arrangement of measurements, which gives the setting to the measure it is a choice to exhibit that as hyper 3D square, that are the realistic way and calculated model or by the patterns in a consistent model. Beforehand DWH plan and improvement connected specially appointed approaches. Extending number-of associations are actualizing information distribution centers to fortify their choice emotionally supportive networks. This accompanies the difficulties of the populace and the occasional refresh of information stockrooms. In-this’ postulation, a device is presented that-furnishes clients through-highlights toward-make a-stockroom list-and-change structures of the source ‘data-base-into-structures’ for-the distribution center data-base. This-is profoundly intelligent, simple to-utilize as-well-as shrouds the basic multifaceted ‘nature-of-physical-SQL-code’ age as-of-its clients. Attributes from source tables can be mapped into new traits in the stockroom data-base tables utilizing total capacities. At that point, applicable information is consequently elated as-of-the’ cause-record in-to-the’ recently made distribution center. The instrument along these lines incorporates stockroom creation, composition mapping and information populace in-to-a solitary universal-reason-means. The instrument has-been’ planned as-a part of-the-structure in-support-of a mechanized information distribution center. Clients of this structure are the data-base chairmen, who will likewise have the capacity to synchronize updates of different replicas-of-the-information’-distribution center. Distribution center pictures that should be refreshed be full disconnected as-well-as ‘claims-to-want-to’ get into-the-information-store’ would currently be able to get to any-of-the-additional picture stockrooms. The controlling-submission incorporated with it as-well-as system toggles amid data-bases into-the-mode-that-is absolutely straightforward in-to use thus-they don't understand presence of numerous replicas-of-the-information’-stockroom. Essentially, even non-specialized clients can make, populate and refresh information distribution centers with insignificant time and exertion. Finally a DSS will rebuild for making and analyses for concrete queries.

A Scalable Business Intelligence Decision-Making System in the Era of Big Data

Transformation presents the second step in the ETL process that is responsible for extracting, transforming and loading data into a data warehouse. The role of transformation is to set up several operations to clean, to format and to unify types and data coming from multiple and different data sources. The goal is to get data to conform to the schema of the data warehouse to avoid any ambiguity problems during the data storage and analytical operations. Transforming data coming from structured, semi-structured and unstructured data sources need two levels of treatments: the first one is transformation schema to schema to get a unified schema for all selected data sources and the second treatment is transformation data to data to unify all types and data gathered. To ensure the setting up of these steps we propose in this paper a process switch from one database schema to another as a part of transformation schema to schema, and a meta-model based on MDA approach to describe the main operations of transformation data to data. The results of our transformations propose a data loading in one of the four schemas of NoSQL to best meet the constraints and requirements of Big Data.

Women’s Wrestling: A ‘Fight’ for the Transformation of Cultural Schemas in Relation to Gender

This article reports on the findings from a social anthropological ethnographic study conducted within the area of women’s freestyle wrestling in Barcelona. The study focused on exploring female wrestlers’ experiences of the connection between their participation and visibility in this sport and the hegemonic gendered cultural schemas established within our society in relation to gender. The ethnography comprised participant interviews and observations which enabled an exploratory thematic analysis of the relevant experiences of female wrestlers and situates these in the context of gender relations in the sport and in society. The preliminary findings are that freestyle wrestling in this context remains a sexist environment and wrestling shows still include stereotyped discourses when it comes to the staging of women’s matches. While there has been some development in terms of female participation in this environment, male dominated discourses, practices and infrastructures still represent a significant barrier for the development of women’s wrestling in Spain.

Logical scalability and efficiency of relational learning algorithms

Relational learning algorithms learn the definition of a new relation in terms of existing relations in the database. The same database may be represented under different schemas for various reasons, such as efficiency, data quality, and usability. Unfortunately, the output of current relational learning algorithms tends to vary quite substantially over the choice of schema, both in terms of learning accuracy and efficiency. We introduce the property of schema independence of relational learning algorithms, and study both the theoretical and empirical dependence of existing algorithms on the common class of (de) composition schema transformations. We show theoretically and empirically that current relational learning algorithms are generally not schema independent. We propose Castor, a relational learning algorithm that achieves schema independence.

Comparing the Effects of Service-Learning Versus Nonservice-Learning Project Experiences on Service Leadership Emergence and Meaning Schema Transformation

We investigate the impacts of service-learning project experiences, as compared with those of nonservice-learning project experiences, on the emergence of service leadership and the transformation of meaning schemas. We examine the mediating effect of project efficacy belief and the moderating effect of the responsiveness of partner organization representatives (PORs). The context is a capstone BBA course at a university in Hong Kong. We administered three waves of questionnaires to 491 senior-year students and obtained 275 matched responses. Among this sample, 56% of the students were undertaking service-learning projects, and the remaining 44% were undertaking a comparable type of field-study project, but without service-learning. Our quantitative results indicate that engaging in the service-learning mode of learning, in comparison to the nonservice-learning mode, is more effective in inducing service leadership emergence and meaning schema transformation. Project efficacy belief mediates the effect of project experiences (i.e., service-learning versus nonservice-learning) on service leadership emergence. POR responsiveness moderates the indirect effects of project experiences on service leadership emergence and meaning schema transformation through project efficacy belief. A qualitative case illustration that was drawn from students’ end-of-semester reflective reports provides further support for our hypothesized model.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A FORMAT MIGRATION USING SAAS MODEL

Data migration is the process of transferring data between storage types, formats, or computer systems. Data migration can be done for Server or storage, equipment Website consolidation, replacements or upgrades. It is required when organizations or individuals update computer systems, or when systems merge. Database Migration Tool Using SAAS model is a tool and Java API to migrate data from different sources (XML, DBF and JDBC) to another (DBF, JDBC, TXT). Data migration is preceded by the obsolete method of the programmer performing all the operations that included Copying the data, saving the files and Restoring the data in the database manually. Hence Data Migration in an automated programmatic approach. The conversion configuration is specified by an XML file defining source, target and Schema transformations of the data and also data on the old system is mapped to the new system by providing a design for data extraction and data loading.

A cognitive perspective on the semantics of near

Abstract The present study investigates the semantic structure of the word near assuming that its distinct senses form a semantic network with a prototypical spatial sense at the center and various extended senses at different distances away from the prototype. In order to explain the extensions of near, the cognitive notions of construal, image schema transformation, metaphor and metonymy are taken into consideration. The conceptual blending theory is used to explain the semantic structure of the complex preposition near to. The research reveals that the word near functions as a preposition (also a part of the complex preposition near to), an adverb, an adjective and a verb, and that its semantic structure is best viewed as a continuum encoding both lexical and grammatical information. At the same time, the analysis shows that the polysemy of near is rather impoverished when compared to the polysemies of other spatial prepositions, such as in, on, at or over.