Schedule Changes Research Articles

Pandemic Perceptions and Healthcare Decisions: Exploring Perceived COVID-19 Threat’s Impact on Perinatal Healthcare in Florida

The COVID-19 pandemic directly impacted well-being and healthcare delivery, but its indirect effects on health services utilization among pregnant women and new mothers remain less understood. Understanding how big events like pandemics impact health behaviors is essential for anticipating healthcare needs during future crises. This study examined how the perceived COVID-19 threat influenced health concerns and service utilization among 378 participants who were either pregnant or mothers of infants less than 12 months old, 18 years or older, and lived within a 50-mile radius of healthcare sites in the OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Consortium. An online Qualtrics survey assessed COVID-19 threat perception, distress related to health and resource concerns (e.g., access to medicine, baby supplies, mental and general healthcare, and social interactions), and changes to health service utilizations (e.g., induction schedule, hospital/birthing center choices, prenatal provider, and visit frequency) during the pandemic. Participants who perceived COVID-19 as a significant threat were likelier to report concerns about reduced access to general healthcare (p = 0.043). Pregnant participants, compared to mothers with infants under 12 months of age, expressed greater concern about reduced access to mental healthcare (p = 0.015). Additionally, the perceived COVID-19 threat was linked to changes in prenatal care providers and labor induction schedules (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the importance of integrating the perceived threat of pandemics or other major events into mental health screenings. Healthcare providers should proactively address potential changes in patient behavior during major events in anticipation of future crises. Keywords: pregnancy, COVID-19, mental healthcare, prenatal healthcare utilization, perceived COVID-19 threat

Proactive Production Scheduling Approach for Off-Site Construction with Due Date Uncertainty

This study proposes a robust precast concrete (PC) production scheduling model for PC construction projects with schedule uncertainty by adopting a proactive scheduling approach. The proposed model consists of a PC production simulation module that simulates and evaluates the total tardiness of the schedule at a certain confidence level with contractor schedule uncertainty and a GA-based production schedule optimization module that finds an optimal schedule through iterative schedule generation and evaluation using a PC production simulation module. The experimental study shows that the proposed model can find the best schedule with 303.8 h of tardiness at a 100% confidence level, followed by NEHedd 324.7 h, basic GA 328.5 h, and EDD 335.8 h. The results of this study will help PC production schedulers to perform robustly despite contractors’ schedule changes and will thus contribute to the successful completion of PC construction projects.

Automated Bell and LED Display System

Traditional school bell systems and manual scheduling methods often lead to inefficiencies, inaccuracies, and confusion, resulting in operational delays and unclear communication regarding class timings. To address these issues, this project introduces an automated school bell system with a digital display that provides real-time updates on current periods, upcoming classes, and accurate time. Our system utilizes an Arduino microcontroller to automate the ringing of classroom bells based on a pre-set schedule. The bell timing can be easily programmed and adjusted through a user interface, ensuring precise synchronization with the academic timetable. Additionally, an integrated LED display provides real-time visual cues, indicating the current period and upcoming period. This feature helps to minimize confusion and ensure that both students and faculty are consistently informed of schedule changes. This will enable easy management and scheduling updates, reducing the likelihood of errors and improving overall operational efficiency. By streamlining scheduling and enhancing communication clarity, this solution aims to create a more organized and efficient school environment.

Prediction of potential energy on player scoring trend in tennis match based on Hopfield neural network model

In tennis, it is very important to catch the direction and trend of the match when the score happens. This paper aims to establish a mathematical model to predict the dynamic change of match progress and the appearance of match points, and explain the role of "momentum" in the match. By mining the real-time match data of 2023 Wimbledon Tennis Open, based on Hopfield neural network and entropy weight method, the technical level, psychological pressure and fatigue level of players in the match are selected as the influencing factors, and the mathematical model between the "momentum" of players and the change of the match flow is established, and the change of the match schedule can be predicted more accurately. The change of momentum may affect the motivation of players, and the choice of a reasonable strategy may be a magic weapon to win the match. It is hoped that this can help the pre-competition training of tennis players and promote the vigorous development of tennis events.

Organization of Vaccination Sites in Quebec: Perception of Users, Employees and managers

Abstract Since late 2020, vaccination sites have emerged rapidly in order to protect the population against COVID-19. Health services in Montérégie (Québec) are provided by three organizations. Each adopted a different approach to immunization. The Regional Public Health Department took this opportunity to describe, compare, and explain these three approaches. A mixed methods design through a multiple case study was conducted. Users, employees and managers were interviewed at the end of 2021 on several performance-related topics. Individual interviews with employees and managers in mid-2022 further explored these topics. 38 managers, 360 employees, and 946 users participated in the survey. 9 managers and 10 employees were interviewed. Most participants were satisfied with vaccination organization regardless of the model used, mainly because of high geographic and temporal accessibility of the sites. Further signage to indicate directions could optimize accessibility. High adaptability was essential for managers and employees. Training strategies such as people to refer to and pairing allowed to better deal with frequent changes and staff rotation. The addition of ongoing training could be beneficial. Rapid changes in employee schedules were identified as a challenge. The use of technology-based scheduling tools, accessible to all, brought added flexibility, which was appreciated. Several ideas were used to communicate updates on a daily basis. However, timely implementation of new recommendations remained an ongoing challenge. Dedicated clinics for specific clienteles were successful. Community partnerships were generally beneficial, although establishing more of them could potentially reach other vulnerable communities. To improve accessibility and minimize health social inequities, a greater investment in local partnerships might reach more vulnerable clienteles. Regular communication and innovative employee support are key elements to improve fluidity of operations. Key messages • Reaching out for vulnerable clienteles is essential to minimize health social inequities. • Rapid changes in services needs underlign fluidity communication importance.

Psychoemotional stress and the quality of life of doctors and secondary medical workers in conditions of high epidemic risk

The COVID-19 pandemic, due to a drastic change in the standard work schedule, had a negative impact on the psychological health of medical workers, expressed in an increase in the level of psychological discomfort and occupational stress. The aim is to assess the features of a decrease in the quality of life of doctors of therapeutic and surgical specialties, nurses working in a specialized COVID — 19 hospital, a multidisciplinary hospital, and a polyclinic during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. It was found that there was a significant decrease in the parameters of all the studied indicators in the groups of doctors of therapeutic and surgical specialties, as well as nurses with the exception of the indicators «social functioning» and «viability») working in COVID hospitals, compared with the control group, which indicates a significantly higher level of psychoemotional stress among employees of this category. The decrease in the quality of life of medical personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic is primarily due to a violation of the usual rhythm of life and excessive psycho-emotional stress associated with responsibility for the life and health of patients. The data obtained in the course of this study can be used to develop approaches to psychological rehabilitation of medical workers.

Developing a Robust Multi-Skill, Multi-Mode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Model with Partial Preemption, Resource Leveling, and Time Windows

Real-world projects encounter numerous issues, challenges, and assumptions that lead to changes in scheduling. This exposure has prompted researchers to develop new scheduling models, such as those addressing constrained resources, multi-skill resources, and activity pre-emption. Constrained resources arise from competition among projects for limited access to renewable resources. This research presents a scheduling model with constrained multi-skill and multi-mode resources, where activity durations vary under different scenarios and allow for partial pre-emption due to resource shortages. The main innovation is the pre-emption of activities when resources are unavailable, with defined minimum and maximum delivery time windows. For this purpose, a multi-objective mathematical programming model is developed that considers Bertsimas and Sim’s robust model in uncertain conditions. The model aims to minimize resource consumption, idleness, and project duration. The proposed model was solved using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and finally, its validation was completed and confirmed. Analysis shows that limited renewable resources can lead to increased activity pre-emption and extended project timelines. Additionally, higher demand raises resource consumption, reducing availability and prolonging project duration. Increasing the upper time window extends project time while decreasing the lower bound pressures resources, leading to higher consumption and resource scarcity.

Sleep and home parenteral nutrition in adults: A narrative review.

Infusions of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are often cycled at night coinciding with sleep episodes. Adult consumers of HPN are known to experience poor sleep attributed to frequent awakenings and long durations of wakefulness after falling asleep. Consequently, most consumers do not meet recommendations for sleep duration and quality or daytime napping. The primary underlying pathophysiology resulting in sleep problems is nocturia; however, other factors also exist, including disruptions caused by medical equipment (ie, pump alarms), comorbid conditions, dysglycemia, and medication use. Early guidance on sleep is imperative because of the central role of sleep in physical health and wellbeing, including mitigating complications, such as infection risk, gastrointestinal problems, pain sensitivity, and fatigue. Clinicians should routinely inquire about the sleep of their patients and address factors known to perturb sleep. Nonpharmacologic opportunities to mitigate sleep problems include education on healthy sleep practices (ie, sleep hygiene); changes in infusion schedules, volumes, rates, and equipment; and, possibly, behavioral interventions, which have yet to be examined in this population. Addressing comorbid conditions, such as mood disorders, and nutrition deficiencies may also help. Pharmacologic interventions and technological advancement in HPN delivery are also needed. Research on sleep in this population is considered a priority, yet it remains limited at this time.

Phase 1 trial of intraperitoneal paclitaxel in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and carcinomatosis or positive cytology.

The purpose of this phase 1 trial was to evaluate the safety and toxicity of repeated normothermic intraperitoneal paclitaxel (PTX) for patients with gastric cancer metastatic to the peritoneum. A Bayesian optimal interval design was used to prospectively identify the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of intraperitoneal paclitaxel at weekly treatments for 3 weeks, followed by a 1-week break, and then three additional treatments. The primary objective was to define the maximum tolerated dose. Secondary end points included safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity. A total of 25 patients were treated between January 2020 and April 2023. Five dose-limiting toxicities were observed at 100 mg/m2. Treatment-related grade 3-4 toxicity included leukopenia (32%) and neutropenia (32%). Seven patients required a schedule change to every other week treatments. The maximum tolerated dose for intraperitoneal PTX was 100 mg/m2. The peritoneum post-intraperitoneal PTX demonstrated progression in five (20%), stable disease in five (20%), improvement in 10 (40%), and not evaluable in five (20%). Eight patients (32%) had resolution of their peritoneal disease and seven (28%) underwent attempted resection. The median overall survival (OS) from the diagnosis of metastatic disease was 18.8 months and from the date of treatment initiation was 10.8 months. One-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates from the diagnosis of metastatic disease were 84%, 38%, and 25%, respectively. Paclitaxel may be safely used at intraperitoneal doses of 100 mg/m2. Neutropenia associated with weekly treatments was common. Peritoneal complete clinical response rates with multimodality therapy including PTX were promising.

The risk of insomnia by work schedule instability in Korean firefighters.

Firefighters are exposed to shift work, as well as unpredictable emergency calls and traumatic events, which can lead to sleep problems. This study aimed to investigate the risk of insomnia by work schedule instability in Korean firefighters. This study used the Insomnia Severity Index to assess the insomnia in firefighters. The work schedule stability was classified with the frequency of the substitute work and the timing of notification for work schedule changes. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the adjusted odds ratio of insomnia by work schedule stability with covariates including sex, age, education, smoking, alcohol, caffeine intake, shift type, job, and underlying conditions. Of the 8,587 individuals, 751 (8.75%) had moderate to severe insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index ≥ 15). The prevalence of insomnia was statistically significantly higher as the frequency of substitute work increased: <1 time per month (6.8%), 1-2 times (9.5%), 3-5 times (13.4%), and more than 5 times (15.7%) (p < 0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of insomnia was statistically significantly higher when the timing of the schedule change notification was urgent or irregular: no change or several weeks before (5.4%), several days before (7.9%), one day before or on the day (11.2%), irregularly notification (11.6%) (p < 0.001). In comparison to the group with good frequency of the substitute work/good timing of schedule change notification group, the adjusted odds ratios of insomnia were 1.480 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.237-1.771) for Good/Bad group, 1.862 (95% CI: 1.340-2.588) for Bad/Good group, and 1.885 (95% CI: 1.366-2.602) for Bad/Bad group. Work schedule instability was important risk factor of insomnia in firefighters. It suggests that improving the stability of work schedules could be a key strategy for reducing sleep problems in this occupational group.

Pediatric Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Dosing Schedule Perceptions Among Health Care Providers and Caregivers in Germany, France, Spain, and Greece.

Most European infant national immunization programs (NIPs) recommend pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), which currently cover 10-15 serotypes administered in a three-dose schedule (two primary plus one booster). Recently, a PCV covering 20 serotypes that is administered in a four-dose schedule (three primary plus one booster) was licensed. An online survey was administered to collect data from health care providers (HCPs) and caregivers of children aged 0-5 (including expectant mothers) in four European countries (Germany, France, Spain, and Greece). All caregiver respondents had a shared or full responsibility to make health decisions for their child. Data on opinions, perceptions, and openness to a change in childhood vaccination dosing schedules were collected, along with demographic information for HCPs as well as caregivers. A total of 601 HCPs and 1954 caregivers were recruited across the four countries. Nearly all HCPs (93%) agreed that broader serotype coverage against pneumococcal disease for children is a significant unmet need, and 92% had a "sense of urgency" to vaccinate children. Both HCPs and caregivers were supportive of an additional PCV dose and doctor visit, assuming it provided at least 20% more serotype coverage than what is currently available. Caregivers strongly agreed on the importance of full vaccination for pneumococcal disease, even if an extra dose and visit to the doctor was required. HCPs and caregivers were virtually unanimous in their support for a PCV with broader serotype coverage and showed a subsequent willingness to include an extra infant dose/visit. These results can help guide broader discussions regarding public health policy and vaccine administration in the context of important efforts to reduce the global disease burden associated with pneumococcal disease.

Nurses care for everyone: But who cares for a nurse?

ABSTRACT Nurses provide essential services across diverse healthcare settings, yet their own health and well-being are often overlooked. The physical, mental, and emotional demands of their profession can lead to burnout, stress, and various health issues. Ensuring nurses’ well-being is vital not only for their personal health but also for maintaining high-quality patient care. Therefore, this review seeks to explore the challenges nurses face in maintaining their own well-being This review synthesizes data from peer-reviewed journals, reports, and studies from the past decade. PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL were searched using keywords like “nurse well-being,” “burnout,” “mental health in nursing,” and “occupational stress.” Relevant articles focusing on nurses’ well-being, challenges, and interventions were selected The findings of this review indicate that nurses face a range of challenges that adversely affect their well-being, including long working hours, inadequate staffing, exposure to traumatic events, and limited access to mental health resources. The review also highlights the significant impact of these challenges on nurses’ physical health, leading to musculoskeletal issues and chronic fatigue, as well as their mental health, resulting in burnout, anxiety, and depression. Several studies suggest that interventions such as workplace wellness programs, mental health support, flexible scheduling, and organizational changes aimed at reducing workload can positively influence nurse well-being. In Conclusion the well-being of nurses is a critical issue that requires immediate attention from healthcare institutions, policymakers, and society at large. This review demonstrates that while nurses are indispensable in caring for others, their health is often compromised due to the demands of their profession. To ensure the sustainability of healthcare systems, it is essential to implement comprehensive strategies that support the physical, emotional, and mental well-being of nurses.

Analysis of the Liner Shipping Network Structure of the Asia–Europe Main Trunk Route Using Social Network Analysis

Due to COVID-19, the shipping market has faced uncertainty, and the possibility of changes in port routes has increased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the network of container liner shipping routes between Asia and Europe. In particular, this research focused on a global risky situation—the COVID-19 pandemic. The data examined encompassed Asia–Europe route schedules from January 2018 to October 2021, which exhibited significant fluctuations due to the COVID-19 pandemic originating in 2019. To access this problem, utilizing concepts of centrality from social network analysis (SNA), namely degree centrality and betweenness centrality, this analysis incorporated route capacity as a weighted factor. The findings revealed that the port of Rotterdam held the highest degree of centrality in 2018, 2019, and 2021, while Shanghai claimed the highest degree of centrality in 2020. Singapore exhibited the highest betweenness centrality. Asian ports wielded greater influence during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to European ports. Furthermore, Singapore emerged as a pivotal mediator in the Asia–Europe routes, playing a significant role within the global supply chain. Results showed that the port could be put into an unstable situation. Therefore, the managers of port and shipping companies should be ready to minimize risk. From an academic perspective, it is difficult to integrate and analyze container liner schedules as they are monthly updated. This study therefore analyzed continuous schedules to examine dynamic changes in schedules. By adopting SNA, we presented changes in connectivity over multiple periods. This study addressed questions stakeholders may have had about route changes during the global crisis, contributing to sustainable container transportation. This study provides a general understanding of Asia–Europe container scheduling for decision makers. Using market schedules, this research analyzed the connections, and evaluated and compared each port.

Edukasi Penggunaan Obat di bulan Ramadhan sebagai Upaya Penggunaan Obat yang Rasional di Desa Bugel

The month of Ramadan is a moment that is eagerly awaited by all Muslims in the world. Ramadan fasting is mandatory for every Muslim, but there is relief for sick people who can cancel it. People who experience health problems can affect the pattern of drug use as usual. It is important to pay attention to changes in the medication use schedule so that it does not affect the effect of the therapy being given or currently being undertaken, so education regarding the use of medication during the fasting month is necessary so that it is rational and ensures that the medication that enters the body provides maximum effectiveness without causing danger or bad effects on the body. The community service methods used are face-to-face lectures, discussions and question and answer methods which was attended by 34 posbindu participants. The results of providing this education show that the level of knowledge of respondents before being given education, namely 60%, is in the sufficient category, while the level of knowledge of respondents after being given education is 100% in the good category. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of respondents before and after being given education experienced a significant increase in knowledge with a p value &lt;0.05. Community service activities through providing education can increase respondents' knowledge about the use of drugs during fasting.

Assessing the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunization Schedule Change From 3+0 to 2+1 in Australian Children: A Retrospective Observational Study.

In mid-2018, the Australian childhood 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule changed from 3+0 to 2+1, moving the third dose to 12 months of age, to address increasing breakthrough cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), predominantly in children aged >12 months. This study assessed the impact of this change using national IPD surveillance data. Pre- and postschedule change 3-dose 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine breakthrough cases were compared by age group, serotype, and clinical syndrome. Annual rates of breakthrough cases were calculated (per 100 000) using respective birth cohort sizes and 3-dose vaccine coverage. Using time-series modelling, observed IPD rates in children aged <12 years were compared to that expected if the 3+0 schedule were continued. Over 2012-2022, rate of 3-dose breakthrough cases in children aged >12 months was 2.8 per 100 000 (n = 557; 11 birth cohorts). Serotype 3 replaced 19A as predominant breakthrough serotype (respectively, 24% and 65% in 2013 to 60% and 20% in 2022) followed by 19F. In breakthrough cases, the most frequent clinical phenotype was bacteremic pneumonia (69%), with meningitis accounting for 3%-4%. In cohorts eligible for 2+1 versus 3+0 schedules, rate of breakthrough cases was lower for all vaccine serotypes, except type 3 (incidence rate ratio, 0.50 [95% confidence interval, .28-.84] and 1.12 [0.71-1.76], respectively). Observed compared to expected IPD was 51.7% lower (95% confidence interval, -60.9 to -40.7%) for vaccine serotypes, but the change for nonvaccine types was not significant 12% (-9.6 to 39.7). The 2+1 schedule is likely superior to 3+0 for overall IPD control, a finding that may be worth consideration for other countries considering or using 3+0 PCV schedules.

Zoonoses and pet owners: A survey on risk perception in Northern Italy

Veterinary and human medicine are focused on the issue of emerging and re-emerging diseases, which are especially represented by zoonosis that could be a threat for public health. Zoonotic risk may come from pets: some canine and/or feline viral, bacterial, parasitic, protozoal or mycotic diseases can be transmitted directly to humans. There are several strategies to prevent the transmission of such zoonosis, and among them vaccination plays an important role. Through a survey carried out in Northern Italy aimed to collect information regarding owners’ knowledge and perception of the zoonotic risks associated with three zoonoses (rabies, leptospirosis, and dermatophytosis), it was demonstrated that dog owners tend to adhere more consistently to their pets’ vaccination schedules and are more receptive to changes in vaccination scheduling compared to cat owners. This study also suggests that cat owners predominantly visit veterinarians for vaccination purposes, whereas dog owners seek veterinary services for a variety of reasons. The survey highlighted the ongoing need to enhance owners’ understanding of zoonoses affecting their pets and also the protective role of vaccines. Veterinarians should undertake the responsibility of educating, reassuring, and informing pet owners about the significance of vaccines for their pets and for public health.

Prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nurses in COVID-19 wards

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the working conditions of nurses, leading to a detrimental effect on their sleep quality. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its associated factors among nurses working in COVID-19 wards in Kermanshah, Iran. A total of 97 nurses were selected through simple random sampling from COVID-19 wards. Data was collected using a demographic information sheet and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including chi-square and multiple logistic regression, were used for data analysis. The results showed that 74.2% (n = 72) of the nurses experienced poor sleep quality. Significant associations were found between poor sleep quality and work experience (p = 0.045) as well as the type of work shift (p = 0.001). However, no significant relationships were observed between poor sleep quality and factors such as age, sex, body mass index, overtime hours per month, physical activity, or underlying diseases. The high prevalence of poor sleep quality among nurses working in COVID-19 wards underscores the necessity of implementing targeted interventions to address this issue. In this regard, in addition to periodic shift schedule changes and reductions in working hours, it is necessary to adopt purposeful measures to improve working conditions and enhance the physical and mental health of nurses. These measures may include providing sufficient human resources to reduce the workload and fatigue of nurses, appropriate scheduling of working hours, and the implementation of stress management programs.

Energy management of airport service electric vehicles to match renewable generation through rollout approach

Traditional diesel-based airport service vehicles are characterized by a heavy-duty, high-usage-frequency nature and a high carbon intensity per vehicle per hour. Transforming these vehicles into electric vehicles would reduce CO2 emissions and potentially save energy costs in the context of rising fuel prices, if a proper energy management of airport service electric vehicles (ASEVs) is performed. To perform such an energy management, this paper proposes a new customized rollout approach, as an optimal control method for a new ASEV dynamics model, which models the ASEV states, their transitions over time, and how control decisions affect them. The rollout approach yields an optimal control strategy for the ASEVs to transport luggage and to charge batteries, with the objective to minimize the operation cost, which incentivizes the charging of the ASEVs to match renewable generation. Case studies demonstrate that the rollout approach effectively overcomes the “curse of dimensionality” challenge. The rollout algorithm results in a total cost approximately 10 % less than that of the underlying “greedy charging” heuristic, which charges a battery whenever its state of charge is not the maximum. The rollout algorithm is proven to be adaptive towards flight schedule changes at short notice.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of Wilson’s disease – A therapeutic challenge

Abstract: Wilson’s disease (WD) occurs due to abnormal copper metabolism and often presents with various neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Variable symptoms and a high propensity for medication-related adverse effects frequently make their management difficult. Here, we discussed two cases of WD presented to psychiatric OPD with variable neuropsychiatric symptoms managed conservatively but frequently complicated by newer symptoms, and medication-related side effects, which lead to multiple consultations and frequent changes in drug schedule. Therefore, we found it a great therapeutic challenge, and more discussion and research are warranted for such a condition.

Implementasi Augmented Reality sebagai Media Informasi Jadwal Penggunaan Ruang Laboratorium di Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta

Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta (UTY) operates several computer laboratory rooms used daily by students according to their scheduled times. Sometimes, these rooms experience sudden schedule changes, causing conflicts with other room bookings. This research aims to employ an Augmented Reality (AR)-based application for monitoring the dynamic schedule of lab room usage. The method utilizes a marker-based AR application, tested through black box implementation. The application successfully reads markers at distances of 10–90 cm, tilt angles of 10–80 degrees, and light intensities ranging from 40 to 250 lux. Under these conditions, the markers are readable, and the application responds by displaying virtual objects. Users of the lab rooms can utilize this AR application to identify changes in the scheduled usage plans at UTY as they occur.