Scenarios Of Violence Research Articles

Predictors of perceptions toward blaming the victim, excusing the perpetrator, and supporting the victim in intimate partner violence scenarios involving transgender women

Predictors of perceptions toward blaming the victim, excusing the perpetrator, and supporting the victim in intimate partner violence scenarios involving transgender women

Exploring the protective capabilities developed by hospital nurses to deflect workplace violence: a qualitative study in Taiwan

BackgroundWorkplace violence is a serious safety hazard in the healthcare sector and has attracted much attention worldwide, especially for nursing staff. Equipping nursing personnel with protective capabilities for workplace violence can reduce the risk they face in work settings. This study explored scenarios of common violent patient–nurse conflicts in the workplace of hospital nursing staff and their capabilities for de-escalating such conflicts.MethodsWe used a qualitative content analysis for this study. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 nurses in two teaching hospitals in New Taipei City, Taiwan, until data saturation was reached. The data were transcribed, encoded, and analyzed and similar concepts were grouped under the same category.ResultsFour categories of workplace violence scenarios common to hospital nursing staff were identified: unreasonable requests, caring for high-risk patients, long waiting times for medical consultation, and close contact when caring for patients. Two protective capabilities were recognized: communication and interpersonal capabilities and problem-solving skills. Each scenario may require a different combination of abilities.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a violence-prevention training program could be designed for various workplace violence scenarios to enhance nurses’ abilities to de-escalate workplace violence in hospitals.

EURO-TUNISIAN EXTERNALIZATION: CONSIDERATIONS ONE YEAR ON THE 2023 MEMORANDUM

In July 2023, Tunisia and the European Union signed a memorandum to strengthen cooperation be tween the parties and relaunch a very important political and institutional dialogue. Among the points of the agreement was also migration, given the EU's interest in monitoring a country with a high number of landings at that time. The EU sought to externalize the borders by promising Tunis economic support in exchange for stricter control over departures from the North African country's coast. One year on, the numbers are encouraging, with a considerable drop in the first six months of 2024. Despite these figures, there is still the problem of the lack of a Tunisian policy to control and manage incoming migrants arriving in Tunisia, and management of these human flows based only on repression could be a problem for the North African country in the long run and for the EU in terms of consistency with its values and principles. Tunisia is not new to scenarios of xenophobia and violence against the immigrant population on its territory.

Do I have to blame the perpetrator if I can't blame the victim anymore? Bystander responsibility in contact sexual violence scenarios

Do I have to blame the perpetrator if I can't blame the victim anymore? Bystander responsibility in contact sexual violence scenarios

Indigenous bodies, gender, and sexuality in the Jesuit Missions of South America (17th–18th centuries)

Many studies tend to apply categories of gender and sexuality to indigenous peoples in the same way as they are used in the West. This ignores the fact that indigenous peoples have their own notions of people, which are often at odds with Western binary standards. The issue at stake in this article is the inclusion of the analytical categories of gender and sexuality in South American communities, starting with the Jesuit Missions that spread across present-day Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay during the 17th and 18th centuries. To this end, it uses as historical sources a set of 1212 Jesuit writings, including manuscripts and books, as well as architectural, sculptural, and pictorial remains. Using techniques specific to paleography to read manuscripts, the project’s methodology makes use of ethnohistory guided by Content Analysis, thus producing a reading that starts from contemporary indigenous problems in order to build an Indigenous History. The study’s discussion considers that indigenous bodies, once produced by village collectives made up of extended families, were forged in the Jesuit missions according to the parameters of the colonial project. The article therefore demonstrates the genealogy of the bodies of indigenous men, indigenous women, and abject indigenous people, concluding that the current scenario of gender and sexual violence in South America has its origins in the colonial process, and not in indigenous cultures.

Willingness to report in military workplace violence scenarios: Initial findings from the Marine Corps on the impact of rank and relationship to the person of concern.

Willingness to report in military workplace violence scenarios: Initial findings from the Marine Corps on the impact of rank and relationship to the person of concern.

Migración y violencia de género: Reconfiguraciones familiares y comunitarias en la Sierra Purépecha

This article examines the impact of migration on gender violence against women in the municipalities of Nahuatzen and Cherán, in the Sierra Purépecha, Michoacán, Mexico. This indigenous region is one of the main senders of labor to other areas of the country and the United States, a migration phenomenon that leads to a restructuring of the family core and the community. Using a qualitative method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four women between 18 and 35 years old. It was found that, women experience situations of vulnerability: gender roles, power relations and scenarios of physical, psychological, economic and sexual violence are exacerbated by their husbands, family members or active subjects in the migration process.

Bioarchaeological Evidence of Violence between the Middle and Late Formative (500–400 BC) in the Peruvian North-Central Coast

Abstract In this study, we address interpersonal violence during the transition between the Middle and the Late Formative periods in the Central Andes, a critical period of political disintegration, hypothesized population pressure, and reorganization of the belief systems that is poorly known from a bioarchaeological viewpoint. Our objective is to understand the nature of the violence and associated factors in this context based on a detailed description of skeletal trauma in 67 well-preserved individuals (20 adolescents and adults and 47 subadults) recovered from Quebrada Chupacigarro cemetery (500–400 BC); this site is located in the middle valley of Supe on the Peruvian north-central coast. To detect patterns and potential causes, we registered the prevalence of traumatic injury according to age, sex, anatomic location, mechanisms (blunt, sharp, mixed, etc.), timing (antemortem or perimortem), and manner (inflicted or accidental). The results show a high prevalence of fractures in the whole population, but especially in adolescents and adults. Eighty percent of the adolescents and adults perished due to the intentional trauma and show patterns that suggest repetitive episodes of interpersonal violence. Perimortem injuries in the skull, face, and thorax are compatible with lethal interpersonal violence. The findings support a probable scenario of intercommunity violence in the middle valley of Supe around 500–400 BC.

On Affect, Violence, Vulnerability, and Community: Jenisjoplin

Jenisjoplin (2017) by Uxue Alberdi is an unsettling and formally innovative novel, as it recalls—through the account by its protagonist Nagore Vargas, nicknamed Jenisjoplin—the convulsive socio-historical reality of the last four decades in the Basque Country. This article offers a contextualization of Alberdi’s novel in the landscape of contemporary Basque authors and bases its analysis on theories connected with the affective turn. It is within that theoretical framework that such notions as violence experienced at the social level in ETA and post-ETA times, illness and vulnerability, and the possibility of individual and social reconstruction are explored. The narrative discourse in Jenisjoplin intertwines the social and political scenario of violence with the subjective experiences of the protagonist, which focus on family, friends, lovers, and illness, but also with frequent analytical and critical reflections on the nature of the Basque community and on the fight for national independence, the medical diagnosis and treatment for AIDS, and the struggle for a society where social justice will eventually prevail. Contributions by Mari Jose Olaziregi, Sara Ahmed, Laurent Berlant, Judith Butler, Susan Sontag, and Roberto Esposito, among others, form the theoretical backdrop for the analysis of the novel.

Novel Deep Feature Fusion Framework for Multi-Scenario Violence Detection

Detecting violence in various scenarios is a difficult task that requires a high degree of generalisation. This includes fights in different environments such as schools, streets, and football stadiums. However, most current research on violence detection focuses on a single scenario, limiting its ability to generalise across multiple scenarios. To tackle this issue, this paper offers a new multi-scenario violence detection framework that operates in two environments: fighting in various locations and rugby stadiums. This framework has three main steps. Firstly, it uses transfer learning by employing three pre-trained models from the ImageNet dataset: Xception, Inception, and InceptionResNet. This approach enhances generalisation and prevents overfitting, as these models have already learned valuable features from a large and diverse dataset. Secondly, the framework combines features extracted from the three models through feature fusion, which improves feature representation and enhances performance. Lastly, the concatenation step combines the features of the first violence scenario with the second scenario to train a machine learning classifier, enabling the classifier to generalise across both scenarios. This concatenation framework is highly flexible, as it can incorporate multiple violence scenarios without requiring training from scratch with additional scenarios. The Fusion model, which incorporates feature fusion from multiple models, obtained an accuracy of 97.66% on the RLVS dataset and 92.89% on the Hockey dataset. The Concatenation model accomplished an accuracy of 97.64% on the RLVS and 92.41% on the Hockey datasets with just a single classifier. This is the first framework that allows for the classification of multiple violent scenarios within a single classifier. Furthermore, this framework is not limited to violence detection and can be adapted to different tasks.

«O Brasil da esperança»: alcune riflessioni sulle elezioni presidenziali brasiliane tra cambiamento, governabilità e violenza politica

Brazil’s presidential elections held last October were the closest in the country's history. The results reflect the polarized political environment and the scenario of political violence, institutional delegitimization, and social unrest perpetuated by the bolsonaristas, which reached its peak with the assault on the Palácio do Planalto This was the concluding act of a process of construction of dialectical and visual violence, steeped in denialism and delegitimization of the opponent. This led to a highly conflictual and aggressive electoral space, that institutions like the Tribunal Superior Eleitoral and Transparência Eleitoral Brasil tried to counter. This essay investigates the pre-and post-electoral violence and the role of the institutions designated to mitigate it.

Scenario of violence against women during the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil

The main objective of this article is to analyze the panorama of violence against women during the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil. social isolation in which victims are even more vulnerable, exposed all day to the aggressor, which reflects the predominance of machismo and gender violence, and the growing intolerance and hostility against women inside and outside their homes, being necessary, therefore, a study of this nature in order to understand and rethink solutions to that problem. In the present study, the deductive method will be used, and the historical-evolutionary method will be used as a procedure. The research technique to be adopted is the bibliography, through doctrinal consultations, scientific articles on the subject, as well as documentary, through the analysis of the main legal provisions in the country, and data from the study carried out by the Brazilian Public Security Forum. With this, it was observed that during the covid-19 pandemic, due to social isolation measures, the vulnerability of women victims of domestic violence was latent, given that they were subject to greater and constant contact with their aggressors, perpetuating the cycle of violence, and making requests for help and complaints to public bodies difficult. It is concluded that the reality goes beyond the data collected in the various surveys carried out across the country, the situation is even more alarming, of a still sexist, misogynist and unequal culture, which mutilates the human rights of this public.

The Influence of Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender and Insincere Apologies on Perceptions of Sexual Assault.

DARVO (deny, attack, reverse victim and offender) is a response exhibited by perpetrators to deflect blame and responsibility. When using DARVO, perpetrators deny their involvement in wrongdoing, attack their victims' credibility, and argue that they are the real victims. The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of DARVO and another manipulative tactic-insincere perpetrator apologies-on observers' judgments of a victim and perpetrator in a fictional sexual violence scenario. Perpetrator DARVO was experimentally manipulated via fictional vignettes to measure their impact on perceived perpetrator and victim abusiveness, responsibility, and believability. Data from 230 undergraduate students revealed that participants who were exposed to perpetrator DARVO rated the perpetrator as less abusive (, 90% CI [0.04, 0.15]), less responsible for the sexual assault (, [0.001, 0.06]), and more believable compared (, [0.002, 0.07]) to participants who were exposed to a perpetrator who did not use DARVO. DARVO-exposed participants rated the victim as more abusive (, [0.04, 0.14]) and less believable (, [0.03, 0.14]), and also expressed less willingness to punish the perpetrator and greater willingness to punish the victim. Insincere apologies had minimal impact on ratings. By promoting distrust in victims and less punitive views of perpetrators, DARVO might contribute to rape-supporting outcomes such as victim blaming, greater victim distress, and low rates of rape reporting and perpetrator prosecution.

Problem of Rohingya Repatriation and Current Trends of Violence: A Critical Analysis

This study attempts to examine in what manner violent and non-violent incidents of Rohingya are increasing in Bangladesh especially in the camps in Cox’s Bazar since August 2017 due to the delay of sustainable repatriation. It also investigates how increasing violent incidents among the Rohingya make the threat for themselves as well as for the people of Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh. From the first influx of 1.3 million Rohingya, the camps are becoming a red zone of growing violent activities. Continuous delay of the repatriation process of those stateless people is creating possibilities for expanding criminal activities among them. To some extent, it is recorded, Rohingyas are involved in violent activities with the local people as well as the law enforcement agencies inside and outside the camps. Unexpectedly, there may have the same risk of violence in the relocated Rohingya refugees in the Bhasan Char (an Island in the Bay of Bengal). Against this backdrop, this is a mixed-method study where case studies and in-depth interviews are conducted as a qualitative method. Moreover, it analyzes the secondary numeric data from Bangladesh Police and Bangladesh Peace Observatory (BPO) database. Overall scenarios of violence from the Rohingyas inside and outside the camp areas are posing challenges for Bangladesh. Only sustainable repatriation can stop the turbulence among the Rohingya residing in Bangladesh.

Eager yet unprepared: Greek secondary education teachers facing homophobic violence in schools

The current study aims to investigate aspects of homophobic school-based violence from a teachers’ perspective. A sample of 453 secondary education teachers across Greece participated and reported their intention for reactions against four hypothetical scenarios of homophobic violence (psychological, verbal, cyberbullying, physical). When expressing high intention to intervene, teachers were more likely to inform other school staff. The majority of the respondents (86.1%) had not received training on homophobic violence during their university studies, while those who had received such postgraduate training manifested stronger intention to act. Female and middle school teachers reported a stronger intention to act compared to male and high school teachers, respectively. Only 11% of the participants stated that their school had an action plan against homophobic violence. These results call for the development of school personnel training on homophobic violence and for the implementation of LGBTQIA + inclusive anti-harassment policies.

Inspector Gowda’s Divided City: Space, Inequality, and Crime in Anita Nair’s Bangalore Novels

Abstract Bengaluru/Bangalore, the capital city of the Indian state of Karnataka, has played a vital role in the advancement of communication and technology across the globe. Following the progressivist logic of neoliberal urbanism, the city evolved from the quiet, placid ‘Pensioners’ Paradise’ into the bustling ‘Silicon Valley of India’ at an accelerated pace. Bangalore’s sudden growth into a global cyberpolis has motivated its recent entry into the realm of crime fiction in English. The current paper draws on this connection and proposes to offer a spatial critique of the crime novels in Anita Nair’s Inspector Gowda series, Cut like Wound (2012) and Chain of Custody (2016), set in Bangalore. To map the transitions in the spatial structures and social relations of this rapidly changing city, it uses interdisciplinary approaches of geocriticism and the postmodern social theories of space. Also, by analysing the representations of residential segregation in Nair’s novels, the paper intends to foreground how social inequalities, gentrification, and ghettoization have contributed to the raging scenario of crime and violence in Bangalore.

Peticide: An Analysis of Online News Media Articles of Human Suicide Involving Pet Animals

ABSTRACT While pets may be protective for some people at risk of suicide, they may also become a risk factor or even become co-victims when humans end their own lives. It is important to protect against simplistic approaches to human–animal relationships, especially where simplification may endanger human and/or animal lives. Using publicly accessible online media articles between 2010 and 2020, this research sought to progress our understanding of suicidal acts involving pet animals. Sixty-one articles from six countries were identified; a mixed-methods qualitative descriptive (QD) approach to analysis was undertaken composed of descriptive statistical mapping followed by thematic content analysis. Almost 90% of the articles reported the deaths of multiple humans and 23% reported the deaths of multiple animals. A total of 116 animals were identified: mainly dogs, but also 8 cats, 2 rabbits, and 2 non-specified pets. Most animals died, with only nine surviving. Five key categories of scenarios were identified: extended suicides, mercy killings, suicide pacts, family annihilators, and unique. A further level of analysis was undertaken focused on the family annihilator reports (44/61 articles) using a published homicide-suicide typology. Key points to emerge from this analysis include the possibly higher vulnerability of dogs compared with other species. The terms “extended suicide” and “peticide” are discussed with the recommendation that the killing of pet animals be linguistically aligned with that of other killings. A focus on human–animal relationships reveals commonly unexplored intersections across criminology, mental health, and domestic violence and suggests the potential for collaboration across these fields driven by multi-species awareness. This research adds to arguments for data on animal presence in scenarios of human violence to be collected so that responses to protect vulnerable animals, and humans, can be developed.

How trainee doctors and nurses react to simulated scenarios of violence against healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study.

Medical and nursing students may have to face healthcare-related violence, especially now as they may be doing clinical duty during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study was conducted to analyse the perceptions and attitudes of medical and nursing students towards violence against healthcare workers (HCWs), when presented with audio-visual depiction of simulated scenarios. This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months (April to September 2019) among the undergraduate medical and nursing students of first, second, pre-final and final years making it a total of 800 students. Video clips were shown to the students pertaining to HCWs' interactions with patients and relatives, and their responses were noted. Among 615 participants who completed the proforma, 248 (40%) students reported having observed or experienced violence in their clinical postings. Overall, 70.7% of medical and 68.5% of nursing students said that they would report incidents of violence to the authority. The questionnaire based on video-based simulated scenarios brought forth the perception that in triggering an act of violence, both the healthcare worker and the attendant could be at fault and full disclosure of complications was a necessary step in preventing such an act of violence. Sensitisation about the same should be incorporated into the teaching curriculum by using simulated scenarios to prepare them to manage such incidents.

Preventing sexual violence in sport: Determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior.

Given their central role and position, coaches are instrumental in creating safe sport environments, especially in preventing sexual violence, but little is known about bystander behaviors, hampering the development of effective bystander programs in the context of sport. To identify determining characteristics of bystander behavior, 1,442 Belgian youth sport coaches completed an online questionnaire on bystander-related attitudes, norms, autonomy beliefs, and self-efficacy using two hypothetical scenarios of sexual violence in the sports club. Data were analyzed using confidence interval-based estimation of relevance (CIBER). A total of 127 coaches had witnessed sexual violence over the past year, most but not all intervened. Experiential attitude expectation, instrumental attitude evaluation, perceived referent behavior and approval, and subskill presence were positively associated with coaches’ intention to intervene. Of the determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior, attitude and perceived norms proved key constituents for programs addressing sexual violence in youth sport. We conclude that interventions aiming at increasing positive affective consequences, reinforcing the sense of group membership, and strengthening the social norm of intervening in case of signs of sexual violence may be most influential to stimulate positive coach-bystander behavior.

Migración y violencia: las caravanas de migrantes centroamericanos

Central American migrants transiting through Mexico to reach the United States are subjected to abductions, rape, and enforced disappearances. From October 2018 Central American migrants began to move in large groups known as migrant caravans to defend themselves against harassment by the authorities and the aggressions of organized crime. Unlike the traditional subreptitious migration model, the caravan migration model is bustling, visible, collective, and is imbued with a denunciation character. However, violence scenarios also emerged inside the caravans. The purpose of this article is to examine the forms of violence suffered by Central American migrants who joined the caravans. This research is based on a qualitative methodological approach. The technique used for collecting discursive material was the in-depth interview. From July 2019 to February 2020, 24 Central American migrants (9 males and 15 women) were interviewed in four geographical areas of Mexico: Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Mexico City, and Puebla. We selected adults who joined one of the caravans formed during October and November of 2018 but abandoned the caravans to migrate alone due to scenarios of violence occurring inside the caravans. The results show that women suffered the most violent situations. Women complained about everyday violence originating from interactions with the other actors in the social field of migration. Many women were victims of routine practices and expressions of interpersonal aggressions initiated by their male peers. To escape from everyday violence interviewed women decided to abandon the security of advancing as a group to emigrate alone. On the other hand, interviewed men left the caravans because they somatized a vision and division of the world that defined them as guilty and not deserving.