DPPH Scavenging Research Articles

Evaluation of Sodium Chloride Concentrations on Growth and Phytochemical Production of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. in a Hydroponic System

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., commonly known as the ice plant, is a halophyte recognized for its exceptional salinity tolerance. This study aimed to determine the optimal NaCl concentration for promoting plant growth, D-pinitol, and other phytochemicals in M. crystallinum cultivated in a hydroponics system. Seedlings of M. crystallinum were transplanted into a hydroponic system and subjected to different NaCl concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM) in the nutrient solution. To evaluate the plant’s response to salinity stress, measurements were conducted on growth parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, total flavonoid and polyphenol contents, and DPPH scavenging activity. The optimal NaCl concentration for growth was found to be 200 mM, at which the shoot fresh and dry weights were highest. Additionally, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were maximized at 200 mM NaCl, with a subsequent decrease at higher concentrations. The highest DPPH scavenging activity was observed in the 200 mM NaCl treatment, which correlated with increased levels of total flavonoids and polyphenols. These results indicated that optimizing NaCl concentration can enhance the antioxidant activity of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. The D-pinitol content also peaked at 200 mM NaCl treatment, further supporting its role osmotic adjustment under salinity stress. M. crystallinum exhibited enhanced antioxidant production and cellular protective functions at 200 mM NaCl, which optimized its biochemical defense mechanisms and helped maintain physiological functions under salinity stress. These findings provide valuable insights for agricultural and biological applications, particularly in cultivating M. crystallinum for its bioactive compounds.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CN2018 enhances the milk fermentation characteristics by improving antioxidant capacity and enhancing the milk flavor profile

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been extensively studied for its probiotic properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that L. plantarum CN2018 exhibited antioxidant properties and the potential to inhibit Helicobacter pylori. This research aimed to further investigate the fermentation potential of L. plantarum CN2018 as a co-fermenter in the production of fermented milk, including fermentation characteristics, textural properties, antioxidant capacity, flavor compounds and the metabolic changes. The addition of CN2018 significantly influenced the fermentation characteristics, resulting in a reduction in fermentation time and an increase in the total viable bacterial count (1.41 × 109 CFU/mL). The textural properties of chewiness, gumminess, and adhesiveness improved by 15.29% (p < 0.05), 20.05% (p < 0.001), and 44.87% (p < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, CN2018 enhanced the antioxidant capacity of fermented milk, which SOD activity, T-AOC and DPPH scavenging were increased by 51.78% (p < 0.05), 80.46% (p < 0.05) and 43.58% (p < 0.01), respectively. Key flavor compounds including 1-(4-methylphenyl)-ethanone, phthalic acid, hex-3-yl isobutyl ester, (E)-2-decenal, and phenylethanol were identified, thereby enhancing the flavor profile of the fermented milk. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that hypoxanthine, a compound associated with oxidative stress, significantly reduced in fermented milk of CN2018. This may be associated with the enhanced antioxidant capacity of fermented milks. These findings indicate that CN2018 can effectively degrade or absorb hypoxanthine in fermented milk. Overall, L. plantarum CN2018 demonstrates considerable potential as an auxiliary fermenter to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of fermented dairy products.

Effects of storage of cookies containing xylitol or sucrose on their fluorescent, antioxidative and browning properties

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of xylitol as a sucrose alternative in cookies on the formation of free fluorescent compounds and browning associated with the Maillard reaction and on antioxidative potential during storage. The fluorescent measurements of ethanolic extracts of cookies and spectrophotometric assessments of melanoidins extracts of cookies support the thesis that xylitol, being a polyol like sugars, participates in the Maillard reaction. Melanoidins extracted from sucrose-containing cookies were characterized by higher values of browning index (25.93–72.53 OD/100 g) than melanoidins from cookies with xylitol (20.21–44.97 OD/100 g), probably due to structural differences of sucrose and xylitol. Extracts of melanoidins, which had a higher browning index, had a higher ability to scavenge DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals in ethanolic extracts of cookies. Cookies containing xylitol kept their antioxidant potential until 6 months of storage, while after 3 months of storage, sucrose addition significantly (p < 0.05) accelerated the storage time-related reduction of scavenging DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals in ethanolic extracts of cookies. The use of xylitol in cookies instead of sucrose is more beneficial because it results in the formation of lower amounts of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and in a lower decrease of browning index and losses of antioxidative potential during baking and storage for the 12-month period.

Integrated analysis of physiology, antioxidant activity and transcriptomic of Lactobacillus plantarum 120 in response to acid stress

This research examined the effects of acid stress on the physiological and antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus plantarum 120 (Lp-120) and explored its underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that the survival rates of the strain significantly decreased as the pH decreased from 5.5 to 4.5. Meanwhile, the ATP concentrations of the strain decreased from 0.51 to 0.12, and the reactive oxygen species levels rose 1.26-fold with a decrease in pH. However, as the pH decreased, the free radical (DPPH, O2−, and OH−) scavenging activity, reducing power, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities, and the total antioxidant capacities of Lp-120 all increased (P<0.05). Among them, the DPPH scavenging power and superoxide radical scavenging power reached the highest value of 35.5% and 30.74% respectively at pH 4.5, and the hydroxyl radical scavenging power reached the highest value of 53.2% at pH 5.0, which indicated that appropriate acid stress could improve the antioxidant activities of the strain. Transcriptomics data showed that the expression levels of genes (ndh, trxA, etc.) were upregulated (0.39-10.54-fold) under acid stress, which related to the “NADH oxidase/ NADH peroxidase” system, glutaredoxin system and thioredoxin system. Taken altogether, this study brought valuable insights for enhancing the antioxidant activities of Lp-120 and provided valuable information on the application of Lactobacillus plantarum as antioxidant starter cultures in fermented foods.

Pea protein-p-coumaric acid conjugate-based antioxidant film: The relationship between protein structure and film properties after covalent bonding

In this study, pea protein isolates (PPI) have been used to make conjugates by covalent binding with p-coumaric acid (p-CA), and the effect of conjugation on PPI structural characteristics and the structural, optical, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of conjugate-based films were investigated. The conjugation with p-CA unfolds the tertiary structure of PPI and significantly reduces the surface charge. A tendency of aggregation with increasing p-CA addition was proposed. The conjugate-based films show stronger tensile strength (TS) and better water barrier properties than PPI-based films. However, no significant improvement of the elongation at break (EAB) and thermal stability was found for conjugate-based films. FTIR spectroscopic and zeta-potential analyses indicated that such improved film properties could be attributed to the enhancement of hydrogen bonds and weakening of electrostatic repulsion between conjugate-conjugate. Additionally, the conjugates impart the antioxidant activity to the films as confirmed by DPPH scavenging capacity. This study demonstrates the potential of using pea protein-phenolic acid conjugate to make PPI-based films with improved mechanical properties, water barrier properties, and antioxidant activity.

1,3-Naphthoxazine derivatives: Synthesis, in silico pharmacokinetic studies, antioxidant and photoprotective properties

Investigation into the interactions between photoprotective agents and skin can offer a precise understanding of their biological behaviors in vitro and in vivo, providing crucial insights for generating new substances. For this purpose, we designed and synthesized a series of naphthoxazine derivatives and examined their photoprotective properties. 1,3-naphthoxazine derivatives were synthesized through the multi-component reaction of 2-naphthol, arylamines and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate (Cu(OTf)2) and (±)-Camphor-10-sulfonic acid ((±)-CSA) catalyst system under sonication. The potential of these synthesized 1,3-naphthoxazine derivatives as antioxidants and viable organic structural-based sunscreen ingredients has been investigated. Sun protection factor (SPF) assay results showed that especially compounds 4i, 4c, 4k, 4d, 4r, and 4h had remarkably high activity (23.65, 23.57, 23.04, 21.94, 20.80, and 20.26, respectively at 900 µg/mL concentration). Additionally, antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated and compounds 4h, 4e, 4b, and 4j exhibited the highest activities in DPPH scavenging activity assay (86.46 %, 82.83 %, 80.78 %, and 80.65 % respectively at 400 µg/mL concentration). The synthesized compounds exhibit promising characteristics for effective UV radiation absorption, suggesting their suitability for inclusion in sunscreen formulations. Cytotoxic activity of compound 4k against normal human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) was determined by CVDK-8 method. The results revealed that the compound provided remarkable viability (87.55 %) of MRC-5 cells at concentration of 100 µM. The study explores their efficacy in providing broad-spectrum protection against UVA and UVB rays, degradation and photostability, ADMET profile, and other pharmacokinetic properties.

Construction and characterization of Laminaria polysaccharide functionalized selenium nanoparticles based on an activity-oriented approach

Laminaria polysaccharides (LP) have been shown to effectively stabilize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), forming LP–SeNP complexes with enhanced bioactivity. However, the correlation between their bioactivity and physicochemical properties remains inadequately explored. This study used chemical reduction with LP as stabilizer to investigate how LP-to-selenium mass ratio (LPSMR), reaction time, and temperature influence particle size, selenium content, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of LP–SeNPs. The results showed that enhanced DPPH scavenging correlated with higher selenium content and smaller particle size, primarily modulated by LPSMR and temperature. Under optimal conditions (LPSMR of 1; temperature of 25°C), the resulting LP–SeNPs exhibited uniform morphology with a particle size of 81.41nm and selenium content of 653.91mg/g. This stability was achieved through non-covalent interactions between LP and SeNPs, providing superior light and acid resistance compared to unmodified SeNPs. Notably, LP–SeNPs showed synergistic antioxidant effects, with lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals than LP or SeNPs alone, and enhanced hypoglycemic activity. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed LP–SeNPs had reduced toxicity compared to Na2SeO3 and selenopeptide. These findings provide insights into the structure-activity relationships of LP–SeNPs and support their potential application as antioxidant and hypoglycemic agents.

Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Hedyotis diffusa Willd. and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities

Hedyotis diffusa Willd. is traditionally used in Vietnamese and Chinese medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study aimed to explore the bioactive components of the ethyl acetate extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. and evaluate their potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. The extract was collected using fractionated column chromatography and five compounds viz. cholestane, campesterol, stigmasterol, diosgenin and digitoxigenin were isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes at 80 mg/mL) and fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus at 80 mg/mL) associated with liver diseases. The extract demonstrated inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells at 20 µg/mL with low cell death rates 37,12% and DPPH scavenging which may be attributed to its high phenolic content. These findings suggest that Hedyotis diffusa Willd. extract holds promise as a therapeutic agent for liver damage and cancer, potentially through mechanisms beyond antioxidant activity.

Nutritional profiling, phytochemical screening, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant content analysis for different crude extracts of Ulva lactuca from coast of Bangladesh

This current investigation assessed the proximate composition, mineral contents, phytochemicals, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of Ulva lactuca (UL). Five crude extracts of UL like 100% water (CE1), 50% water+50% ethanol (CE2), 50% water+50% methanol (CE3), 100% ethanol (CE4) and 100% methanol (CE5) were used to screen out the cytotoxicity, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum, reducing power, and nitric oxide scavenging activity was determined by in-vitro methods. Cytotoxicity of extracts was assayed using brine shrimp. Results indicated that powder of UL contains a comparable amount of proximate and mineral content. Phytochemical screening, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed the presence of different secondary metabolites, functional groups and polyphenols. The CE1 showed highest phenolic content at 51.87 mg of GA/g and flavonoid content at 49.18 mg of quercetin/g, followed by CE2, CE3, CE4 and CE5. Regarding antioxidants, CE1 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity as evaluated by DPPH (75.62%), ABTS (57.67%), Phosphomolybdenum (124.58 mg of AAE/g), Reducing power (52.34 mg AAE/g), and NO scavenging (41.87%) assays. Cytotoxicity was found to be present in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that dried powder and extracts of UL contain macro-micro nutrients, and diversified phytochemicals with potential antioxidant activity.

Exploring the Anti-melanogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of A Composition: Glabridin, Resveratrol and Ellagic Acid

Background: Plant extracts have wide applications in food, nutrition, and cosmetics, which results in a deeper investigation of natural ingredients. Numerous natural ingredients have been demonstrated to exhibit multiple activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-melanogenesis. However, their combinations have not been well investigated, which could provide stronger performance with less toxicity and easier applications. Methods: We used B16F10 cells treated with alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) for melanogenesis-related studies, including cellular melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and gene or protein expression. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability. DPPH scavenging activity was measured for antioxidation. Nitric oxide (NO) content was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated RAW264.7 cells to indicate the performance on anti-inflammation. Results: In this study, six different compounds and their combinations were tested for melanogenesis. The results showed that the combination of glabridin, resveratrol, and ellagic acid (GRE) exhibited the highest efficiency, which was mainly manifested as inhibition of melanin production and tyrosinase activity, higher DPPH scavenging rate, and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. Meanwhile, our results showed that GRE could significantly downregulate the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) related genes and proteins and could also inhibit the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which was the upstream signal of MITF. Conclusion: The results suggest GRE exhibits high efficiency in inhibiting anti-melanogenesis, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation. Furthermore, GRE could downregulate the phosphorylation of the CREB and MITF signal pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for its application in pigmentation disorder disease and cosmetics.

Chitosan/sodium alginate/ethyl cellulose-based multilayer film incorporated with l-ascorbic acid for improved barrier, mechanical, and antioxidant properties

A bioactive multilayer film (ML) loaded with l-Ascorbic acid (AA) was developed using chitosan (CH), sodium alginate (SA), and ethyl cellulose (EC). Various properties of the films, including morphological, hydrophobic, barrier, mechanical, optical, and antioxidant characteristics, were evaluated and compared to those of monolayer films made from each biopolymer. The cross-sectional analysis via scanning electron microscopy revealed the successful preparation of the ML film with layering of the different biopolymers. For the ML film the resulting water contact angle was observed with an average of 73.86° and the film showed water resistant properties as compared to the individual CH and SA films. The ML film showed the lowest water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) at 54.99 g·d−1·m−2 as compared to the individual films. Moreover, the ML film had the highest tensile strength at 0.56 MPa as compared to the mono-layer films including CH, SA, and EC with TS values of 0.33, 0.24 and 0.17 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the AA-loaded ML film exhibited significantly higher DPPH scavenging activity at 66.20 %. These findings suggest that the ML film, due to its superior barrier, mechanical, and antioxidant properties has the potential for the applications in active food packaging.

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity and modulatory effect of aqueous leaf extract of Pistacia lentiscus L on oxaliplatin-induced oxidative stress in isolated rat liver mitochondria

This study evaluates the antioxidant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Pistacia lentiscus (ALEPL) and its potential to counteract oxaliplatin (OXA)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in rat livers, a common side effect of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Bioactive compounds were identified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS and MS), with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) for chemical and mineral analysis. ALEPL showed notable antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 4.30 ± 0.27 μg/mL for DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging, 13.64 ± 0.51 μg/mL for reducing power, 32.62 ± 5.32 μg/mL for hydroxyl radical scavenging, and 205.08 ± 25.77 μg/mL for superoxide anion radical scavenging. In ex vivo experiments, mitochondria isolated from Wistar rat livers were treated with OXA and ALEPL in a dose-dependent manner. ALEPL pretreatment effectively restored mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activities, increased glutathione (GSH) levels, and reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA) caused by OXA. These findings suggest that ALEPL has the potential to act as a natural antioxidant to support cancer treatment by mitigating chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress. Future studies could explore its application as an adjuvant in clinical settings to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy while reducing its side effects.

Development of Herbal Ultrasound Gel Prototype from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Curcuma longa L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe for Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammation

This research aimed to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of phlai, turmeric, ginger and combined extract of phlai, turmeric, and ginger at recipe 1:2:2 (PTG). In addition, the formula of herbal ultrasound gel for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties was developed. The TPC, flavonoid, antioxidant and anti-inflammation were investigated by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavonoid, DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. The PTG extract was tested for the phytochemicals by GC-MS technique. The microbial contamination standard of herbal ultrasound gel prototype was determined. The result show that the PTG extract has the TPC and flavonoid at 105.11 ± 16.93 mg GAE/g extract and 63.58 ± 2.29 mg QE/g extract, respectively. Moreover, the DPPH and ABTS assay show that PTG extract has the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 0.82 ± 0.11 and 0.98 ± 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, PTG extract has a high percentage of NO inhibition at 53.38 ± 0.16. Furthermore, the GC-MS method found that PTG extract has 7 active ingredients. The highest amount of phytochemical is AR-turmerone. The safety assessment for external use found that the herbal ultrasound gel prototype product passed standard criteria for microbial contamination at the laboratory level. To conclude, the PTG extract has a synergistic effect and a high ability to act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammation. Moreover, the PTG herbal ultrasound gel has a microbial contamination safety to use. Therefore, the prototype herbal ultrasound gel product may be further developed into health products to treat pain and inflammation efficiently in clinical practice.

Fabrication of corn starch-based composite films functionalized by Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit pomace via extrusion compression molding for active food packaging

In this study, various levels (0 %–30 % w/w, based on corn starch) of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit pomace (RRTP) were used as antioxidant fillers to develop corn starch (CS)-based bioactive films via the extrusion compression molding technique. The results showed that incorporating RRTP into CS could remarkably improve the barrier, mechanical and antioxidant properties of the films compared to pure CS film. In particular, the composite film containing 30 % RRTP had the lowest water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of 2.94 × 10−10 g·m·m−2·s−1·Pa−1 and 0.87 × 10−14 kg·m·m−2·s−1·Pa−1, respectively, together with the highest tensile strength of 3.41 MPa and the strongest DPPH scavenging activity of 88.59 %. LCMS analysis confirmed that RRTP contained many phenolic compounds, which conferred high antioxidant activity to the composite films. Additionally, FTIR analyses demonstrated the formation of hydrogen bonds between CS and RRTP, along with good compatibility as confirmed by XRD and SEM. More importantly, the mushrooms packaged in the CS/30%RRTP film maintained optimal appearance and freshness after 12 days at 4 °C, demonstrating the promising role as antioxidant active packaging for food, following new trends for functional packaging.

Synergistic Bioactivity of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco and Its Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Effects.

The mangrove fungi provide a vast and unexplored source of diverse and unique chemicals and biological properties. The plant Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco and its endophytic fungus aspergillus species were collected from different sites of the Baleswar river region in Sundarban. Hence, we compared the antioxidant properties of the associated fungus ACSF-1 and the methanolic bark extract of Aegiceras corniculatum (MBAC) by measuring the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH free radical assay. Subsequently, antimicrobial activity was measured using the disc diffusion method, and cytotoxic activity was measured using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The results showed that MBAC has even more DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 44.036 μg/mL), TPC (310.275 mg GAE/g), and TFC (66.275 mg QE/g) in comparison with DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 92.542 μg/mL), TPC (234.832 mg GAE/g), and TFC (134.887 mg QE/g) in ACSF-1. The median lethal concentration value (LC50) of MBAC and ACSF-1 was found to be 43.93 μg/mL and 336.84 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, MBAC showed a dose-dependent antimicrobial response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas ACSF-1 was found to have activity against Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus. These results emphasize the unique pharmacological characteristics of both the plant and fungus, indicating their potential usefulness in various therapeutic fields.

Evaluation of Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from Ulva Lactuca

Ulva lactuca (sea lettuce) is a popular food for consumers and has high nutritional value. It has also been found to be a source of health-promoting substances, including a high amount of proteins which can be utilized as a future plant-based functional ingredient in the food industry. However, before extensive applications in the aforementioned fields, it is crucial to ensure the extracts’ biological-pharmacological activities and their safety. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the sea lettuce extract.We tested cytotoxicity by MTT assays on 5 cell lines, including fibroblast (L929), macrophages (RAW 264.7), hepatocytes (FL83B), keratinocytes (HaCaT) and normal colon (CCD-18co) cells. Genotoxicity of the extract was tested by comet and micronucleus assays on human lymphoblast cells (TK6). Our results demonstrated at a concentration lower than 50 µg/mL the extract did not show any cytotoxicity as well as genotoxicity. The extract was shown to possess high antioxidant capacity by DPPH and ABTS scavenging at the EC50 value of U. lactuca extracts was 631.84 ± 5.64 and 330.35 ± 19.49 μg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the extract may be safely used as an ingredient for food, that should help to ensure food security for humans in the future, as well as for cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other health-promoting products. HIGHLIGHTS Ulva lactuca extract displayed strong antioxidant activity. Neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity to cell lines are seen in the ethanol extract of lactuca. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effect of Different Extraction Techniques on Phenolic Profile and Phytochemical Potential of Gymnema inodorum Leaf Extract.

The therapeutic potential of plant extracts has attracted significant interest, especially regarding indigenous species with health-promoting properties. Gymnema inodorum, native to Northern Thailand, is recognized for its rich phytochemical profile; however, the impact of various extraction techniques on its phenolic composition and bioactivity remains underexplored. Optimizing extraction methods is essential to enhance the pharmacological efficacy of this plant's bioactive compounds. This study investigated the influence of four extraction methods-ethanol maceration, ethanol reflux, aqueous decoction, and microwave-assisted extraction-on the bioactive profile of G. inodorum leaves, with a focus on the phenolic content and biological activities. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, while the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified by colorimetric methods. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) quantified gymnemic acid and key phenolic compounds. Among the methods, ethanol reflux yielded the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS scavenging), with a total phenolic content of 82.54 mg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 31.90 mg QE/g. HPLC analysis identified sinapic acid, myricetin, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid as major phenolics. Furthermore, the ethanol reflux extract displayed potent anti-diabetic activity, with IC50 values of 13.36 mg/mL for α-amylase and 7.39 mg/mL for α-glucosidase, as well as strong anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 of 1.6 mg/mL) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition (IC50 of 1.2 mg/mL). These findings suggest that ethanol reflux extraction is a highly effective method for producing bioactive-rich G. inodorum extracts, with substantial pharmacological potential for developing herbal remedies and nutraceuticals, particularly in enhancing therapeutic approaches for diabetes and other health-related conditions.

Improving oxidative stability of flaxseed oil by Zein-Basil seed gum electrospun nanofibers activated by thyme essential oil loaded nanostructured lipid carriers

In this research, zein/basil seed gum (BSG) electrospun active nanofibers (NFs) incorporated with thyme essential oil (TEO) were prepared to extend the oxidative stability of flaxseed oil. TEO was used in two forms free and encapsulated with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). According to Field Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), the NFs with a Zein/BSG ratio of 85:15 was a desirable sample with the best morphology and the lowest fiber diameter (569 nm). According to Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), no new chemical interaction was confirmed during the electrospinning process. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the pure and active zein NFs didn't have a crystalline structure and were amorphous. The antioxidant activity of NFs estimated by DPPH scavenging analysis, was found to be in the range of 30–40 %. The fabricated NFs were placed in contact with flaxseed oil. Peroxide value (PV), DPPH scavenging activity, and oxidative stability index (OSI) were calculated over 45 days. The PV increased with increasing storage time (p < 0.05), but this change was lower in oil in contact with NFs. A significant increment in DPPH scavenging activity and OSI was observed during the storage of flaxseed oil by active NFs. The results of the study indicate that the zein/BSG NFs incorporated with TEO-loaded NLC has the potential to extend the shelf life of fatty food products such as flaxseed oil.

Phytochemical Characterization and Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Alzheimer Effects of Algerian Seseli Tortuosum.

HPLC analysis, phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography, polyphenols and flavonoid contents were conducted to determine the bioactive contents of the Algerian Seseli tortuosum plant. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays, reducing power, phenanthroline and silver nanoparticle (SNP) assays. The anti-Alzheimer's activity of extracts was also performed in vitro and in silico. Phytochemical analysis highlighted the richness ofthe extracts in terms of coumarins, terpenoids and quercetin. The quantitative determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids showed that the highest amounts occurredinthe dichloromethane (DCME) and methanolic (MeOH) extracts. The antioxidant activities indicated a moderate potential. Compared with galantamine, DCME had a significantly greater anti-Alzheimer effect on BChE(CI50=9.14±1.74 μg/ml and 34.75±1.99 μg/ml respectively). An in silicostudy of anti-Alzheimer activity revealed a significant effect of quercetin(-30,13 KJ/mol). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the richness of the phytochemical components of seseli tortuosum,which are responsible for several biological properties, mainly their anti-Alzheimer potential.

Evaluation of Antiproliferative Potentials Associated with the Volatile Compounds of Lantana camara Flowers: Selective In Vitro Activity.

Probing the chemical profiles and biological activities of medicinal plants is important for the discovery of new potent therapeutic products. Our study deciphers the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from three different flowers of Lantana camara and evaluates their antioxidant and anticancer activities. This work represents the first study of EOs obtained from this plant and is based particularly on the difference in flower color. In addition, no other reports dealing specifically with the antitumor effects of such flower-derived EOs have been described in the literature. The collected flowers, white, pink, and orange, were extracted by hydrodistillation to yield EO1, EO2, and EO3 respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was primarily employed to identify the existing volatile compounds in the samples. Their antioxidant activities were screened through both DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assays and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) assays. The antiproliferative effects were evaluated on two distinct breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and compared to a normal human breast cell line, MCF-10A, using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium) assay. All EOs showed notable antioxidant potential attributed to the active phytochemical compounds, with results being supported by a positive correlation between such activity and the total phenolic and flavonoid content. The most eminent, EO1, revealed a selective dose-dependent antiproliferative effect in both breast cancer cell lines, thus reflecting its potent role as an anticancer agent. We suggest that this highly selective activity is associated with the presence of bicyclogermacrene and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene in its chemical composition.