SCAPE Model Research Articles

Comment se fait-il qu’une pensée qui émerge ici et maintenant soit attribuée au passé ?

How is a Thought that Emerges Here and Now Attributed to the Past? During the last twenty years, many works have questioned the still dominant conception of memory, which holds that memories are the product of the activation of stored knowledge. On the contrary, memories are constructions that emerge in the situation of recollection. Moreover, the act of remembering must be considered as a process of attribution (SCAPE model) resulting from an inference that has its origin in the subjective sense of fluency associated with the process currently at work. This is why we suggest linking the SCAPE model to the PP (Predictive Process) model, because on one hand these two models are inferential models, and on the other hand they attribute an essential role to the evaluation of the processes in progress. To conclude, we propose that memory should no longer be considered exclusively as a mean of recalling the past, but as a mean of predicting the information that will be useful in reducing prediction errors. In other words, memory is made for the future (i. e., action to be performed and its consequences) considering the present.

MODELLING RAPID COASTAL CATCH-UP AFTER DEFENCE REMOVAL ALONG THE SOFT CLIFF COAST OF HAPPISBURGH, UK

There are currently no well-established methods of predicting coastal catch-up, i.e. the response of shores to the removal of existing coast protection. Such estimates are vital to inform decisions around the renewal of such structures. At a deeper level, the lack of predictive methods undermines progress towards more sustainable approaches to coastal management, and the implementation of policies of managed realignment. Some progress has been made in recent years using the SCAPE numerical modelling tool (e.g. Walkden et al, 2015). That study demonstrated coastal response that included retreat beyond the position the shore would have been expected to reach in the absence of coast protection (i.e. coast protection apparently causing a net loss of land). That study raised important questions, but was limited in the respect that it represented the coast in two-dimensions (i.e. without alongshore interactions). In this work we illustrate how the novel Coastal Modelling Environment (CoastalME, Payo et al. 2017) is able to reproduce coastal catch-up at Happisburgh at the East coast of UK, and to do so with more physical realism than was possible with the SCAPE model, including accounting for alongshore variations).

3D Servicescape Model: Atmospheric Qualities of Virtual Reality Retailing

The purpose of this paper is to provide a 3D servicescape conceptual model which explores the potential effect of 3D virtual reality retail stores' environment on shoppers' behaviour. Extensive review of literature within two different domains, namely: servicescape models, and retail atmospherics, was carried out in order to propose a conceptual model. Further, eight detailed interviews were conducted to confirm the stimulus dimension of the conceptual model. A 3D servicescape conceptual model is offered on the basis of stimulus-organism-dimension, which proposes that a 3D virtual reality retail (VRR) store environment consists of physical, social, socially symbolic and natural dimensions. These dimensions are proposed to affect shoppers' behaviour through the mediating variables of emotions (pleasure and arousal). An interrelationship between pleasure and arousal, as mediating variables, is also proposed. This research opens a number of new avenues for further research through the proposed model of shoppers' behaviour in a VRR store environment. Further, a systematic taxonomy development of VRR store environment is attempted through this proposed model that may prove to be an important step in theory building. A comprehensive 3D service scape model along with a large number of propositions is made to define a 3D VRR store environment.

Parametric editing of clothed 3D avatars

Easy editing of a clothed 3D human avatar is central to many practical applications. However, it is easy to produce implausible, unnatural looking results, since subtle reshaping or pose alteration of avatars requires global consistency and agreement with human anatomy. Here, we present a parametric editing system for a clothed human body, based on use of a revised SCAPE model. We show that the parameters of the model can be estimated directly from a clothed avatar, and that it can be used as a basis for realistic, real-time editing of the clothed avatar mesh via a novel 3D body-aware warping scheme. The avatar can be easily controlled by a few semantically meaningful parameters, 12 biometric attributes controlling body shape, and 17 bones controlling pose. Our experiments demonstrate that our system can interactively produce visually pleasing results.

Estimation of human body shape and posture under clothing

Estimating the body shape and posture of a dressed human subject in motion represented as a sequence of (possibly incomplete) 3D meshes is important for virtual change rooms and security. To solve this problem, statistical shape spaces encoding human body shape and posture variations are commonly used to constrain the search space for the shape estimate. In this work, we propose a novel method that uses a posture-invariant shape space to model body shape variation combined with a skeleton-based deformation to model posture variation. Our method can estimate the body shape and posture of both static scans and motion sequences of human body scans with clothing that fits relatively closely to the body. In case of motion sequences, our method takes advantage of motion cues to solve for a single body shape estimate along with a sequence of posture estimates. We apply our approach to both static scans and motion sequences and demonstrate that using our method, higher fitting accuracy is achieved than when using a variant of the popular SCAPE model [2,18] as statistical model.

SCAPE-based human performance reconstruction

This paper presents an automatic approach to reconstruct human motion using noisy depth data from multiple views. Although multi-view constraints are provided by this setup, it still exhibits great challenges to robustly reconstruct dynamic human performances due to inherent complexity and self-occlusion of human motion. In the insight that the semantics of human motion will supply strong prior in motion reconstruction, we therefore propose a SCAPE-based motion reconstruction algorithm. As the building blocks of this main algorithm, we (1) re-train a SCAPE model based on an expanded human pose database containing human poses collected from different databases to enlarge the tracking space, (2) develop a correspondence estimation method based on articulated ICP to improve the robustness of SCAPE tracking. We conduct experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, and show that our system is able to capture and reconstruct accurate human motion.

Shoreline retreat and sediment release in response to accelerating sea level rise: Measuring and modelling cliffline dynamics on the Suffolk Coast, UK

Contemporary and historic data for shoreline retreat are used to evaluate and test a range of models that predict shoreline response to accelerating sea level rise. Models are tested against the known record of sea level rise acceleration over the twentieth century on the cliffline position of a series of soft rock cliffs located along the Suffolk Coast, UK. These cliffs have experienced high retreat rates throughout the twentieth century (between 2 and 4.5 m a − 1 ). The shoreline response model most suited to such an assessment is the SCAPE model, with a close fit between actual and modelled shoreline positions. Retreating shorelines also have associated changes in alongshore elevation, an aspect of shoreline retreat that has attracted little attention. Recently acquired IfSar data now permit detailed and accurate assessment of ground elevation from which the elevation of future clifflines can be derived. Combining elevation data with future shoreline retreat, also predicted using the SCAPE model, enables future sediment release from the cliffs to be evaluated. The methodology has the ability to take into account alongshore variability in retreat rates, where previously most studies focus upon a single rate for a given shoreline. This paper thereby identifies behaviour based around “switching on”, “no change” and “switching off” in cliff systems. Volumes of sediment released in the twenty first century in response to accelerating sea level rise are likely to be considerable (up to 300 000 m 3 a − 1 ) for the Suffolk study area, and around an order of magnitude above the sediment release estimates for the early twentieth century under lower rates of sea level rise. The implications for shoreline protection offered from additional sediment in the nearshore zone are discussed.

Juvenile fish densities in Florida Keys mangroves correlate with landscape characteristics

Ecological patterns and processes are often scale-dependent. Understanding organisms' perceptions of and responses to landscape heterogeneity and connectivity is essential for effective conservation and management. We used multiple regression models with backward elimination to test relationships between juvenile fish density and diversity, quantified visually by snorkelers, and site- (100s m) and landscape-scale (1 km) habitat characteristics of mangroves in the Great White Heron National Wildlife Refuge (GWHNWR) in the lower Florida Keys, USA. We compared site and land- scape model performance using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and adjusted R 2 values. Our results demonstrate the following: (1) juvenile fish density in mangrove backreef habitats correlated with landscape characteristics; (2) relationships between fish density and site or landscape character- istics differed greatly among species; and (3) juvenile fish diversity was not strongly correlated to either site or landscape characteristics. We therefore advise caution when (1) selecting fish species and sites for experiments to test nursery habitat hypotheses given the scale- and species-specific relation- ships between fish and mangrove habitats observed in the present study, and (2) implementing con- servation strategies based upon habitat surrogates or quotas (e.g. protect 20% of mangrove habitat to conserve fish species) because landscape context might strongly, and uniquely, influence individual fish species' juvenile density. In light of our results, we argue in support of landscape analyses and individual-based modeling as useful tools to prioritize conservation of backreef nursery habitats.