Scale Of Positive And Negative Experience Research Articles

The Effect of Optimism and Gratitude on Subjective Well-Being of Parents of Children with Special Needs

The children who are born with imperfect conditions are often referred as children with special needs. Parents of children with special needs shown to have low levels of optimism and gratitude, which can affect the level of subjective well-being. This research aims to prove the influence of optimism and gratitude on the subjective well-being of parents with special needs children. The present study used a quantitative approach with a survey research type. The research location was in Pidie Regency, Aceh, with a sample size of 132 parents aged 20-55. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The instruments used in this research include The Satisfaction of Life Scale (SWLS) and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) with a reliability value of 0.710, the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) with a reliability value of 0.793, and the Gratitude Questionnaire (Q-6) with a reliability value of 0.761. The result shows that optimism and gratitude can simultaneously influence the subjective well-being of parents who have children with special needs (ß=0.087, p=0.000). The practical contribution made by optimism and gratitude to subjective well-being is 97.5%. The study revealed that optimism and gratitude are very influential in increasing subjective well-being in parents. In conclusion, parents with high subjective well-being tend to show confidence, appreciation, and satisfaction in life, thus positively contributing to parental involvement with children.

Academic Stress and Subjective Well-Being among Adolescents on Islamic Boarding School in Rural Aceh

Subjective well-being (SWB) is something that is directly related to what a person thinks and how they feel about their life. SWB is one of the important things for adolescents, it could influence the learning process, social, and emotional relationships. However, adolescents who have low SWB will easily experience depression, fatigue and anxiety. This research aims to determine the relationship between subjective well-being and academic stress in adolescents at one of the Islamic boarding schools in Aceh, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents in an Islamic boarding school in Aceh Province, Indonesia. There were 169 respondents were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The results of the Chi-square test analysis showed a relationship between academic stress and subjective well-being in adolescents (p-value 0.030). Therefore, academic stress is an important aspect to pay attention because it can affect adolescents' subjective well-being. It is suggested that community health centers and Islamic boarding schools to increase the involvement of adolescents in peer counsellor programs so that adolescents can have good stress management and improve stressors through health promotion.

Influence of Retirement Experiences on Psychological Well-Being of Retired Teachers in East Gonja Municipality, Ghana

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of retirement experiences on psychological well-being of retired teachers in the East Gonja Municipality. The study employed a quantitative approach underpinned by analytical cross-sectional design. The target population of the study comprised of retired teachers in the East Gonja Municipality. A total of 320 retired teachers from East Gonja Municipality were purposively selected to constitute the sample for the study. Methodology: Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) and Psychological Well-Being Scale were adopted for data collection. Data was analysed using means and standard deviation and linear regression. Findings: The study found that most of the retired teachers in the East Gonja Municipality in the Savannah Region of Ghana experience positive emotions, express optimism, and are satisfied with their lives in their retirement phase of life. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study concludes that retirement experiences are unique and can be a liberating experience for retired teachers, where they can pursue their interests and hobbies without any restrictions. It is recommended that retirement should be a time for retired teachers to focus on their health and well-being, a time they can pursue activities that promote physical and mental health. This study recommends to education system to provide pre-retirement counselling and post-retirement support programmes, focusing on mental health and well-being. Also, the study recommends to pension and retirement agencies to develop and implement workshops and peer support programmes to promote retired teachers’ psychological well-being, addressing issues of social isolation and identity loss.

The Polish adaptation of the blood donation fears inventory

Background and objectivesGiven the decline in the number of voluntary blood donors in Poland and the lack of psychological research on blood donors and the donation system in the country, there is a need to develop a tool to measure barriers to recruiting new donors and retaining active donors. One significant barrier is the presence of specific fears associated with the blood donation process. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to perform the Polish adaptation of the Blood Donation Fears Inventory (the BDFI). Materials and methodsThe Polish adaptation of the BDFI was developed and tested on a sample of 409 individuals, consisting of 194 (47.5%) voluntary blood donors and 214 (52.5%) non-donors. The original tool comprises an 18-item scale that measures four different types of fears related to the blood donation process: (1) Fear of Syncopal Symptoms, (2) Fear of Blood and Needles, (3) Fear of Social Evaluation, and (4) Fear of Health Screen Results. ResultsTo determine the psychometric properties of the scale, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA =.098; CFI =.958; TLI =.935; SRMR =.035), second-order factor analysis (RMSEA =.097; CFI =.958; TLI =.936; SRMR =.036; NNFI =.936; NFI =.938), and bifactor analysis (RMSEA =.093; CFI =.969; TLI =.942; SRMR =.036; NNFI =.942; NFI =.952) were conducted. The reliability of the tool was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega, resulting in high coefficients (ranging from.92 to.97) for each scale. Internal consistency was examined using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), while external consistency was examined using the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) and the Self-esteem Scale (SES). ConclusionSatisfactory results were obtained, establishing the Polish adaptation of the BDFI. This tool represents a novel contribution to the research on the blood donation system in Poland

The Indonesian Version of the Flourishing Scale: Is it Reliable and Valid for Indonesian People?

The Flourishing Scale (FS) was developed to measure individual psychological well-being. The FS was developed based on psychological well-being theories that include meaning and purpose in life, involvement in activities, social relationships, and feelings of competence. The psychometric properties of the FS have been studied in several countries. However, research that provides reports on reliability and validity for the Indonesian version of the FS is limited. The aim of the study was, therefore, to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of FS which include reliability, internal structure, and convergent validity. 1129 respondents completed the FS, Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). The Cronbach's Alpha coefficients indicate a good internal consistency of the FS. The result of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed that a single-factor structure of the FS fit to the data. The result of the Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed measurement invariance across two subsamples. The results of the correlation test show a significant correlation between the FS with the SPANE and PHQ-9. Taken together, the Indonesian version of the FS can be considered a reliable and valid instrument to measure psychological well-being for Indonesian people.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TEMAN SEBAYA DENGAN SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING PADA SANTRI YANG TINGGAL DI PONDOK PESANTREN

This study aims to determine the relationship between peer social support and subjective well-being in students who live in boarding schools. This study uses a correlational quantitative approach. The population in this study amounted to 158 and a sample of 108 using probability sampling technique with simple random sampling type. This research instrument is the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to measure the cognitive component and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) with a reliability of 0.887 to measure subjective well-being. While peer social support was measured using the Peer Social Support Scale with a reliability of 0.876. The data in this study used Pearson's product moment correlation. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between peer social support and subjective well-being with a sig value. 0,004 (p<0,05).

Hope and its relation to grit and subjective well-being among first-year South African university students

This study investigated the relationship between hope (agency and pathways thinking), grit, and subjective well-being (life satisfaction and positive and negative emotions) among South African first-year university students (n = 210; mean age = 20.35 years, SD = 1.49 years; female = 55.71%). Data were collected using the Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Grit Scale (GS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS), and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE). Regression analyses indicated hope predicted higher grit, satisfaction with life, and positive emotions. Female students reported significantly higher agency and negativity scores, whereas males reported scores on the pathways dimension. Hope is essential in student development and support programmes and may buffer students experiencing academic-related challenges.

The Influence of Social Support and Self-esteem on Subjective well-being of High School Student in Bandung City

This study aims to determine the effect of social support and self-esteem on subjective well-being of high school students in Bandung city. The author used a quantitative method with 455 respondents of high school student in Bandung. The instruments are Student Social Support Scale by Nolten (1994) modified by Malecki and Elliott (1999) to measure the social support of parents and peers, The Three Esteem Dimensions compiled by Stets and Burke (2014) modified by Adiba (2020) to measure self-esteem, the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) which have been modified by Adzhani (2019) to measure subjective well-being. The data analysis technique is linear regression and multiple regression. This research found that: 1) There is a significant effect of social support and self-esteem on subjective well-being; 2) There is a significant effect of parental social support on subjective well-being; 3) There is a significant effect of peer social support on subjective well-being; 4) There is a significant effect of self-esteem on subjective well-being.

Peranan Stres Akademik Terhadap Subjective Well-Being dengan Perceived Social Support sebagai Moderator pada Mahasiswa Magang Atau Bekerja

In this era of rapid growth on technology literacy, students as a bridge between the world of school and work hold great responsibilities and are required to work in a fast-paced environment, more complex than their predecessors. As students who are doing internships or working, they have two responsibilities, namely academic and professional at the same time. This can cause students to experience poor learning patterns due to lack of time management skills and tend to multi-task. Those who have many academic and other demands but are unable to cope with them will experience academic stress. In addition, time management is closely related to the work-life balance phenomenon. This can affect the low subjective well-being. Thus, academic stress can affect the decline of subjective well-being in students who are doing internships or working. This study aims to examine the relationship between academic stress and subjective well-being moderated by perceived social support. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires using the Perceived Academic Stress Scale (PAS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) with 387 participants using linear regression quantitative research design. The result shows that p < 0.05 for regression and p > 0.05 for moderation analysis. Thus, show that there is an influence between academic stress and subjective well-being and social support cannot strengthen the effect of academic stress and subjective well-being.

Formulation of a Mapping Formula to Estimate Well-Being Utility from Clinical Subjective Well-Being Scales.

Cost-effective analysis is one of the most useful analyses for political decision-making in medicine under a limited budget. Although the data of the ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults (ICECAP-A) is sometimes essential for the measurement of cost effectiveness, such data are often lacking in most clinical trials. Therefore, a conversion formula (ie mapping) derived from the values of clinical assessment scales into utility is required. We used an internet survey where 500 general residents were asked to fill in four kinds of self-reported questionnaires [ICECAP-A, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Flourishing Scale (FS), and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE)]. A beta regression was conducted with the utility assessed by ICECAP-A as a dependent variable. We developed several mapping formulae depending on available questionnaires. These mapping formulae were well-validated in our validation sample. The models using a greater number of questionnaires tended to show better mapping. The mapping function of our formula was within the range of other reported mapping studies. We believe this formula is useful for cost effective analyses of several trials where utility data are lacking.

Satisfaction with life during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of affect balance and self-concept clarity

As one significant indicator of mental wellbeing, satisfaction with life plays important roles in the society and among individuals. Nevertheless, studies have stated that the formation of life satisfaction was different between before and during the pandemic. Among most people, the differences were caused by the implication of social distancing protocols, where people were not fully connected to one another without the help of electronic media; therefore, some of their social roles were altered or became less meaningful. Such changes affected the clarity of how individuals see themselves, as well as the balance of their negative and positive emotional experiences (affect balance). We hypothesized that self-concept clarity predicts life satisfaction through affect balance. We collected our data from 139 Malaysian adults aged between 18 to 60 years through various social media platforms to complete the self-concept clarity scale (SCCS), satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), and scale of positive and negative experience (SPANE). Results of the bootstrap analysis with a 95% confidence interval indicated that the affect balance partially mediated the relationship between self-concept clarity and life satisfaction.

The Effect of Contact with a Horse During a Three-day Hippotherapy Session on Physiotherapy Students' Emotions.

BackgroundActivities with horses cause many emotional reactions in their recipients, the measurement and analysis of which can provide information about positive or negative attitudes toward hippotherapy activities. The purpose of the study was to explore how horse contact affects the emotions of female and male students experiencing horseback riding during a three-day hippotherapy session.Material and MethodsThe study included 252 physiotherapy students from the Medical University of Wrocław who participated in hippotherapy classes during a three-day didactic and scientific course implemented in the years 2014–2019. The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) and the Sanoquell automatic 766 pulse measuring device were used for the study. The SPANE took place at the beginning (study I) and at the end (study II) of the camp. Pulse was measured daily before and after hippotherapy (6 times).ResultsAnalysis of variance proved the existence of statistically significant difference between the intensity of positive feelings (SPANE-P, p=0.000) and negative feelings (SPANE-N, p=0.000) and in the outcome of overall satisfaction/happiness balance (SPANE-B, p=0.000) in I and II study in the group of women. No such difference was noted for the men. The pulse in women measured on the third day was statistically significantly higher than in men (p=0.0345).ConclusionHippotherapy classes bring physiotherapy students an increase in positive feelings and a decrease in negative feelings. Personal experience seems to be the best way to understand and consciously use hippotherapy as a therapeutic method.

Cross-Cultural Measurement of Positive and Negative Emotions in Adolescence: Evidence from Three Countries.

Cross-cultural assessment of affective well-being among adolescents has received scarce attention in positive psychological research. The present study investigated cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) among adolescents from three countries (India, Poland, and Serbia). The sample included a total of 1080 adolescents (53.6% female; Mage = 16.75, range = 15–19 years). Surveys were administered online in each country. Measurement invariance testing provided evidence for partial scalar invariance of the SPANE across cultures, with item “afraid” showing nonivariance across the three countries. Latent factor correlations between positive and negative emotions were stronger in Serbia compared to Poland and India. Positive emotions and life satisfaction had strong positive associations in all three countries (ranging from 0.68 to 0.75). The inverse correlations between negative emotions and life satisfaction were − 0.27, − 0.54, − 0.69 in India, Poland, and Serbia, respectively. Polish adolescents demonstrated the lowest levels of affective well-being, whereas Indian and Serbian adolescents did not differ substantially in levels of positive and negative emotions. The present study demonstrated that the SPANE is a reliable and useful tool for the assessment of positive and negative emotions among adolescents from different cultural settings.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-022-00521-6.

CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF THE SECOND VERSION OF THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL SOCIAL CAPITAL SCALE (MSCS V2)

Studies show that social capital has a positive effect on a person's mental health and subjective well-being. Recently, a second version of the Multidimensional Social Capital Scale (MSCS V2) has been developed in Latvia. The aim of this study is to verificate the psychometric properties of the MSCS V2 and to investigate its relationship to self-reported measures of loneliness and subjective well-being. Data was collected online between June 11th and October 3rd, 2021. Participants (N=353, aged between 18 and 80 years (M = 41.8, SD = 13.18), 87% females and 13% males) in addition to the MSCS V2 were asked to complete the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE). The results show: the Cronbach alpha of the MSCS V2 scales meets the scientific requirements ranged from .73 to .90; Corrected Item-Total Correlations for all MSCS V2 scales are acceptable ranged from .53 – .81 and reaction indexes fall within the range of 2.67 to 4.48; a statistically significant negative association between the MSCS V2 scales and the UCLA Loneliness scale; statistically significant positive association between the MSCS V2 scales and the SWLS; statistically significant positive association between the MSCS V2 scales and the SPANE. The convergent validity of the scale was demonstrated by negative correlations with self-reported loneliness and positive correlations with subjective well-being measures.

Validation study of a wellbeing scale (SPANE) in the Arab Gulf region: A multicountry study.

The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) is an emerging wellbeing scale to measure the frequency of positive and negative emotions. This study explores the psychometric properties of SPANE on a sample from the Arab Gulf region. The Arab Gulf region shares cultural elements with the broader Muslim and Arab world, but maintains distinct features that warrants validation studies for psychological instruments. There were 1393 participants from Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait and other Arab Gulf countries. The factorial structure of SPANE was examined using a principal axis factor analysis, followed up with a confirmatory factor analysis. The convergent validity was examined by correlating SPANE with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The findings confirmed a two-factor structure of SPANE, and demonstrated adequate psychometric properties and convergent validity. In conclusion, this study indicates that SPANE shows sufficient validity for use as a measure of wellbeing in the Arab Gulf region.

Teleworking from home experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic among public health workers (TelEx COVID-19 study)

BackgroundWhen working from home (WFH) became temporarily necessary for staff as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, it had to be implemented without significant organisational experience or understanding of WFH and its complexities. This study aims to determine the impacts experienced by staff who have undertaken WFH during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis was an observational cross-sectional study using survey with a purposive sampling strategy for staff from corporate and non-clinical departments. These staff undertook WFH during COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. None of these staff had any direct operational roles in a hospital facility and clinical service. Participants’ self-reports of their mood while working in their normal workplace and while WFH were collected via the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), a validated affect balance questionnaire. The responses from the open-ended question were analysed using thematic analysis approach.ResultsA total of 143 participants completed the survey responses. Majority (61%) WFH for four or more months as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants rated their skills very highly on the technologies with an average rating of 9 (out of 10) for computer skills, smartphones and videoconferencing/teleconferencing applications. Participants felt WFH was an improvement on normal working, in particular in relation to their ability to concentrate and be productive. The “SPANE” relating to affect balance while WFH was completed by 124 participants (85.7%), resulting in a mean score of 5.45 (S.D. 2.98). The SPANE relating to normal working conditions was completed by 127 participant (88.8%) resulting in a mean score of 2.70 (S.D 3.69). This indicated that while participants’ positive emotions typically predominated in both situations, they felt slightly more positive on average with WFH. Over 90% participants reported that they would take the opportunity to WFH again if it were offered. Data obtained from the open-ended questions had complimented the findings of the structure close-ended questions in the benefits of remote working and support for their health and wellbeing. The open-ended questions had provided additional information on challenges which the participants encountered during the WFH experience and their suggested preference to sustain this workplace practice.ConclusionsThis study highlighted factors that impacted workers’ work processes, productivity, physical and mental health well-being while WFH and provided a foundation for considering how to best support a positive WFH experience.

Urban Gardening and Wellbeing in Pandemic Era: Preliminary Results from a Socio-Environmental Factors Approach

The nature and impacts of living in urban settings are gaining their saliences in developed and developing countries alike, particularly during the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the crisis, the wellbeing of urban society became intertwined with a so-called “new lifestyle”, which involved quarantine and working in a home environment. Facing such challenges, urban gardening is deemed as an alternative intervention to enhance residents’ wellbeing and the environmental sustainability of urban areas, including Indonesian cities. A preliminary study was conducted to monitor the wellbeing of urban gardening practitioners, as well as investigate the motivation and any association between gardening and wellbeing with the COVID-19 pandemic situation by analysing data from Indonesian metropolitan areas. The study utilized instruments of “satisfaction with life scale (SWLS)” and “scale of positive and negative experience (SPANE)” to investigate the subjective wellbeing of 67 respondents. Amongst others, we identified that urban gardening practitioners tend to be in positive moods and have better overall wellbeing; 52.24% of the respondents were highly satisfied with their life. Furthermore, we observed a variety of motivations to start gardening, with hobby and utilization of free space as prominent reasons, followed by other motivations such as environmental benefit and aesthetic. Integrating the environmental benefits of urban gardening and the implications for an individual’s wellbeing can be reflected for sustainable urban development and policies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

THE WELL-BEING OF MICRO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES’ PRACTITIONER IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector plays an important role in the development of a country, providing massive revenues and employment opportunities. However, the challenges of MSMEs sector are now exacerbated with the situation of COVID-19 due to the business limitation and degrading economic situation. In addition to financial difficulties, there is also the concern on the well-being of MSMEs practitioners which can influence the sustainability of the sector. This research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the level of well-being for MSMEs practitioners. The approach of subjective well-being using Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and scale of positive and negative experience (SPANE) were implemented in a form of questionnaire. A total of 119 MSMEs practitioners were collected in this study, with their level of well-being investigated, as well as the challenges and innovations experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings in this study show that the MSMEs practitioners under association support were majority within medium and high levels of well-being, however this study also takes note of practitioners within low-level of well-being. Hence there is the implication challenge to formulate policy intervention to support MSMEs sector which integrate the financial and mental health aspect to maintain the sustainability of the sector.

Psychometric Properties of the Diener Satisfaction With Life Scale With Five Response Options Applied to the Colombian Population.

Introduction: The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin in 1985, comprises five items with seven response options in terms of agreement–disagreement. Recently, there has been a suggestion to reduce the response options of the SWLS to optimize its applicability in different cultural contexts.Objective: The study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the SWLS with five response options in the Colombian population. Specifically, we studied the dimensionality, invariance by gender and age (among a group of adolescents and emerging adults under 25 years and a group of adults of intermediate age and established adulthood under 59 years), convergent validity (with optimism), and divergent (with pessimism) and concurrent validity with other measures of well-being (flourishing, positive, and negative affects).Methodology: This project was a cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic sample of the general population. Participants were included if they identified themselves as Colombian and were at least 18 years of age. The final sample comprised 1,255 participants. The average age was 25.62 years (SD = 8.60) ranging from 18 to 67 years of age, and 35.8% of the participants were men. In addition to SWLS, we used the Flourishing Scale (FS), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE).Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.842), composite reliability (0.851), and average variance extracted (0.537) showed very good values. CFA was conducted to test the one-dimensional structure of FS, showing excellent goodness of fit [ = 15.774, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.042, 90% RMSEA CI (0.020, 0.066), and SRMR = 0.016]. The correlations calculated among life satisfaction (SWLS) with flourishing (FS), positive and negative affects (SPANE), optimism, and pessimism (LOT-R) were statistically significant and as expected. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender and age were confirmed. Percentiles were provided for the total score and for age.Conclusions: The SWLS with five response options has adequate psychometric properties in the Colombian population, and the use of this version (with 5 response options) is recommended due to its greater applicability.

Kecemburuan sebagai Moderator pada Kualitas Hubungan Romantis dan Kesejahteraan Subjektif Dewasa Awal Berstatus Menikah

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of romantic relationship quality on subjective well-being moderated by jealousy on married adolescents. This study used quantitative method with the participants were 300 married adolescents aged 21 to 30 years old in Bandung. The sampling technique used nonprobability sampling that is accidental sampling. The instrument used adaptation of Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), The Perceived Relationship Quality Component (PRQC), and The Interpersonal Jealousy Scale. The data analysis used simple and multiple regression. The results show that jealousy variable can statistically and significantly moderate the effect of romantic relationship quality on subjective well-being. The regression results of jealousy on different groups, that is high, medium, and low, lead to different results on its effect on subjective well-being.