Scales Of Habitat Heterogeneity Research Articles

Response of megabenthic assemblages to different scales of habitat heterogeneity on the Mauritanian slope

The topographically complex deep seabed on the Mauritanian slope, from 990 to 1460m water depth, was imaged with video in an extensive quantitative survey of 17,199m2 of seafloor using a Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV). This study investigated the influence of habitat heterogeneity at two scales on the megafaunal assemblages observed by ROV. Changes in megafaunal assemblages on the Mauritanian slope were assessed at a broad scale, within depth zones, and at a finer scale, in response to changes in local geomorphology associated with submarine landslides. Geomorphology was determined by classification of habitat parameters (slope, aspect, bathymetric position, curvature, fractal dimension and ruggedness) derived from an autonomous underwater vehicle-based multibeam bathymetry survey. Habitat parameters were classified by Iterative Self Organizing Clustering into six major geomorphological groups, four of which were assessed in the ROV video survey. A total of 29 megafaunal taxa were observed along the entire survey, with an overall average faunal density of 0.344 indm−2. Megafaunal assemblage density, species richness and evenness varied significantly across the depth range of the survey in the most common geomorphological zone (sedimentary plains of low slope and complexity). Characteristic species inhabited the shallow areas (asteroid, ophiuroid, anemone, small macrourid), intermediate areas (Benthothuria funabris, black cerianthid, squat lobster) and deeper areas (the holothurians Enypniastes eximia and Elipidia echinata). Megafaunal density, species richness and evenness were not significantly different between geomorphogical groups within one depth zone (1300–1400m). However, the steepest zone, on the edge of a major headwall feature, had four unique taxa (Parapagurus pilosimanus, a comatulid crinoid, a gorgonian and its associated ophiuroid).

Density-Dependent Clutch Size Caused by Habitat Heterogeneity

In some studies but not in others the average clutch size decreases with density. We propose that density-dependent fecundity occurs because, as density increases, proportionally more poor-quality sites (with small clutches) are occupied, and not because the clutch size in all territories decreases. This mechanism will only cause density dependence if the habitat is heterogeneous at the scale of the home range or territory of an individual. Density-dependent fecundity will be found in some populations but not in others because of differences in the scale of habitat heterogeneity