Item Analysis Of Scale Research Articles

EBEVEYNİN GÜVENLİ İNTERNET SAĞLAMA YETERLİLİĞİ ÖLÇEĞİ (EGİSYÖ): GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

The concept of providing a safe internet refers to an attempt to prevent and protect against the damages that may come from any possible harmful content, person and entities in the internet environment. Nowadays in the face of increasing internet use, it is important for individuals who have children to provide safe internet use to their children in terms of preventing their children from being psychologically and socially affected negatively. Therefore, it is very important to develop a scale in order to see the competence of parents in providing safe internet. Purpose of this study is to develop Parent's Safe Internet Providing Competency Scale and to examine its validity and reliability. This research was conducted on a total of 422 participants, 289 females and 133 males, aged between 18 and 59. In process of developing this scale, a 23-item pool was created first and then these items were examined in terms of their grammar, intelligibility, and whether they really measure recognition in couple relationships, and a 20-item application form was obtained in the end. Corrected item-total correlation coefficients were calculated for item analysis of scale. Construct validity of scale was examined by exploratory factor analysis and its reliability with Cronbach alpha internal consistency reliability coefficient. Validity and reliability analyzes were made with SPSS 18. As a result of exploratory factor analysis applied for construct validity of scale, a one-dimensional and 20-item measuring tool with an eigenvalue of 11.3 was obtained explaining % 57 of total variance. KMO sample fit coefficient of scale was found to be .96. Factor loads of scale were ranged between .59 and .84. Cronbach alpha internal consistency reliability coefficient was found to be .96. Corrected item-total correlation coefficients of scale range from .55 to .82. These results show that scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (EBÖ): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Bu çalışmanın amacı, egzersiz bağımlılığını belirlemede kullanılabi­lecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Karma (mixed) modelde desenlenen araştırmaya, 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında Gazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi (n=80) ve Selçuk Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nden (n=98) aktif olarak spor yapmakta olan toplam 178 beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni adayı katılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarında SPSS 23 paket program kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sürecinde Lisrel 8.80 kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, ölçeğe madde analizi kapsamında madde toplam test korelasyonu ve % 27’lik alt-üst grup toplam puan değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin geneli için Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı 0,88 bulunurken, birinci boyut için 0,83; ikini boyut için 0,79; üçüncü boyut için 0,77 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği için açımlayıcı (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) uygulanmıştır. AFA sonucunda ölçek, 17 maddeden oluşmakta ve üç alt faktörlü bir yapı göstermektedir. Faktörlerin toplam açıkladığı varyans oranı % 54,61’dir. Buna göre, Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (EBÖ)’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.

Developing an attitude scale for cursive handwriting: Validity and reliability study

The aim of this study is to develop an attitude scale for designating the attitudes of primary school pre-service teachers towards cursive handwriting. In the process of developing draft scale a 57-item draft scale on cursive handwriting has been formed. While developing the scale, related literature was searched, pre-service teachers’ opinions were asked and experts’ ideas were benefited. Content validity of draft scale has been reviewed by field specialists and after removing 2 items from scale, pretest of the new 55-item scale has been performed on 379 students. Subsequent to pretest, item analysis of scale; item-sum, item-residual correlations, item distinctiveness, factor analysis and internal consistency on the validity and reliability have been examined respectively. To measure construct validity of scale, exploratory and confirmative factor analyses have been utilized. For exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the scale has been directed to 379 prospective teachers and for confirmative factor analysis (CFA) it has been directed to 254 primary school pre-service teachers. In exploratory factor analysis, SPSS package program and in confirmative factor analysis LISREL program has been utilized. Confirmative factor analysis revealed that this 41-item scale consists of 2 factors. Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients measured for these factors are respectively .94 and .93. Total Cronbach alpha internal reliability coefficient of the scale is .96. Thus it has been concluded that this scale is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to detect the attitudes of primary school pre-service teachers towards cursive handwriting. Key words: Cursive handwriting, scale for attitude, validity, reliability

Significant components of service brand equity in healthcare sector

The purpose of the study is to examine three significant components of service brand equity--i.e. perceived service quality, brand loyalty, and brand image--and analyze relationships among the components of brand equity and also their relationship with brand equity, which is still to be theorized and developed in the healthcare literature. Effective responses were received from 206 respondents, selected conveniently from the localities of Jammu city. After scale item analysis, the data were analyzed using factor analysis, correlations, t-tests, multiple regression analysis and path modeling using SEM. The findings of the study support that service brand equity in the healthcare sector is greatly influenced by brand loyalty and perceived quality. However, brand image has an indirect effect on service brand equity through brand loyalty (mediating variable). The research can be criticized on the ground that data were selected conveniently from respondents residing in the city of Jammu, India. But at the same time the respondents were appropriate for the study as they have adequate knowledge about the hospitals, and were associated with the selected hospital for more than four years. Furthermore, the validity and reliability of the data are strong enough to take care of the limitations of the convenience sampling selection method. The study has unique value addition to the service marketing vis-à-vis healthcare literature, from both theoretical and managerial perspectives. The study establishes a direct and significant relationship between service brand equity and its two components, i.e. perceived service quality and brand loyalty in the healthcare sector. It also provides directions to healthcare service providers in creating, enhancing, and maintaining service brand equity through service quality and brand loyalty, to sustain competitive advantage.

Confirmatory Study on Brand Equity and Brand Loyalty: A Special Look at the Impact of Attitudinal and Behavioural Loyalty

The purpose of the study is to examine relationships between brand equity and brand loyalty (comprising attitudinal and behavioural) which is not well explained in the marketing literature. Should brand loyalty be considered as dimension of brand equity or an outcome of brand equity or as a moderating factor that acts as a mediator between attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty need to be confirmed? The present research is pursued to confirm such relationships. A total sample of 300 respondents was selected from Jammu city in India to gather data on brand loyalty and brand equity from the users of Jammu healthcare services. Scale-item analysis, both EFA and CFA analysis were applied for finalisation of scale and model testing respectively. The findings of the study support all three hypotheses i.e. brand equity is the resultant factor of attitudinal loyalty and results in behavioural loyalty (Model 1), brand loyalty viz. both attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty can be considered as an indicator as well as an outcome of brand equity in healthcare sector (Model 2 and Model 3). Major limitation of the study is the use of convenient sampling since no comprehensive and proper list was available for the persons residing in Jammu city. But at the same time respondents selected were appropriate as they have adequate knowledge about hospitals, being associated with them for more than one year.

Factor Structure of the Arthritis Body Experience Scale (ABES) in a U.S. Population of People with Osteoarthritis (OA), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Fibromyalgia (FM) and Other Rheumatic Conditions

ObjectiveTo examine the psychometric properties of the Arthritis Body Experience Scale (ABES) in a US sample of people with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia and other rheumatic conditions.MethodsThe ABES, with the scoring direction modified, was phone-administered to 937 individuals who self-identified as having one or more arthritis conditions based on a validated, US, national survey assessment tool. Descriptive statistics of demographic variables and factor analysis of scale items were conducted. Scale dimensionality was assessed using principal component analysis (PCA) with oblique rotation. Criteria for assessing factors were eigenvalues > 1, visual assessment of scree plot, and structure and pattern matrices.ResultsThe predominantly female (74.2%) and Caucasian (79.9%) sample had a mean age of 61.0 ± 13.1 years, and a mean BMI of 30.2 ± 7.1. Major arthritis conditions reported were rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia. A three-factor structure with cronbach alpha values of .84, .85 and .53 was elicited, and accounted for 72% of the variance.DiscussionCompared to the two-factor structure evidenced by the original ABES scale in a sample of UK adults, the data from this sample evidenced a three-factor structure with higher variance. The third factor’s cronbach alpha of .53 was low and could be improved by the addition of salient questions derived from further qualitative interviews with patients with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions and from current literature findings.ConclusionThe observed psychometrics indicate the scale usefully assesses body image in populations with arthritis and related conditions. However, further testing and refinement is needed to determine its utility in clinical and other settings.

Development of a Scale to Assess Hwa-Byung, a Korean Culture-bound Syndrome, Using the Korean MMPI-2

This study documents the development of an MMPI-2 scale designed to assess features of the Korean culture-bound syndrome, Hwa-Byung (HB). An American research team and psychiatric practitioners in Korea created an 18-item HB scale via rational item selection and psycho-metric refinement. Principal components analysis of scale items revealed four components, reflecting content domains of general health, gastrointestinal symptoms, hopelessness, and anger. This four-component solution applied well to both Korean men and women, but not to an American sample. Although some findings were encouraging, future studies employing clinical samples are needed to provide further validation of this scale.

An MMPI scale to predict premature termination from inpatient alcohol treatment

This study developed an MMPI scale to predict premature termination of patients from inpatient alcohol programming. MMPI responses of 93 male veterans hospitalized in a 4-week alcohol treatment program were item analyzed, and 21 items that differentiated Completers from Dropouts were selected. A classification accuracy rate of 91.36% was achieved in the standardization sample using a cut-off score of 8 and comparing only valid profiles. Classificatory accuracy of a cross validation sample (N = 90) was somewhat lower (75.34%). Face validity was absent, an indication of the scale's subtlety, and an analysis of scale items' Social Desirability Scale Values indicated that social desirability did not appear to influence item endorsement. Consistent differences between Completers and Dropouts were noted on Scales F and Sc, but not over other MMPI clinical scales, age, and race. Methodological issues and the use of the scale in alcohol treatment programming also were discussed.

Measuring prejudice against homosexuality (homosexism) among college students: a new scale.

Summary A new scale was developed for measuring prejudicial attitudes towards homosexuals (homosexism). Scale item analysis was based upon questionnaire responses from 143 college students and results in the development of both a long-form and a short-form scale. Both forms were highly reliable and yielded nearly identical results. Validity was assessed by administering the short-form scale to an additional 112 Ss and testing previously supported relationships. Results indicate that the scale is valid and should facilitate research in this area.