Saturation Parameters Research Articles

Measurements of N2 + ions in an inductively coupled plasma using saturated cavity ringdown spectroscopy

Abstract This paper presents a unique study of the bulk plasma characteristics in a low pressure inductively coupled nitrogen plasma. Saturated cavity ringdown spectroscopy (sat-CRDS) has been used to determine the absolute number densities and translational temperatures of N2 +(X, ν = 0). The effect of saturation is readily accounted for by using an effective saturation parameter, Seff , and determined by a simple method employing measurements at two different gain settings of the detection system. The appropriateness of this method is confirmed by comparison with fitting individual ringdown data using a time-dependent saturation parameter, S(t), within the local approximation model for sat-CRDS; the two methods are in excellent agreement in returning absolute number densities and translational temperatures. N2 +(X, ν = 0) number densities are determined across a matrix of pressure (10 − 100 mTorr) and rf power (200 − 400 W) conditions with maximum number densities of ca. 1.3 × 1010 cm−3 while translational temperatures range from 600 − 1500 K.

A Rare Case of Pulmonary Vascular Anomaly: MDCT Pulmonary Angiography in Diagnosis of Arteriovenous Malformation and Post-operative Imaging

Objective. To demonstrate the diagnostic algorithm and tactics of a surgical management of patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.Materials and Methods. Based on a patient`s clinical data analysis, further examination tactic was chosen: in the pre and postoperative periods multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) angiopulmonography (on a Canon Aquillion Prime, Japan) was performed before and after intravenous administration of a iodine-containing contrast agent (Ultravist, 370 mg/ ml) at the rate of 1 ml/kg. Brain magnetic resonance tomography was performed on a Signa Voyager, General Electric, China, 1,5 Tl in the pulse sequences T1, T2, T2 FLAIR, DWI, SWAN in three mutually perpendicular planes with a slice thickness of 1-5 mm to examine the neurological complications. Interventional angiopulmonography was implemented by using General Electric Innova IGS530, France, angiographic system before and after endovascular occluder ("AMPLATZER Vascular PLUG 4", USA) and spirals ("2D-Helical-35" 9 mm in diameter and 2,7 mm long (4 spirals) and "Complex–Helical-18" 11 mm in diameter and 17 mm long, USA) placement. A literature review in Russian and English languages for the last 5 years was searched using CyberLeninka, PubMed Central, Elibrary data bases, by keywords: pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, MSCT angiopulmonography, endovascular treatment. The prospective longitudinal study was conducted in compliance with the principles of ethics in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, and informed voluntary consent was obtained from the patient.Results. According to clinical and instrumental data, the tactics of combined endovascular treatment of a vascular malformation with subsequent postoperative control was collectively chosen. During the curation, an increase in saturation parameters, general wellbeing improvement, decrease in pulmonary pressure parameters, and diminution in the size of the right heart's parts were achieved.Conclusion. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular abnormalities that represent a pathological communication between the arterial and venous bed. The fistulous link leads to an abnormal discharge of blood, bypassing the physiological capillary channel. Radiation and interventional visualization methods play the most important diagnostic, and the latest — therapeutic role in management of patients and are able to establish indications for surgical intervention, prevent the occurrence of life-threating complications: abscesses, paradoxical embolism and heart attacks, progressive respiratory and heart failure.

Exploring liquefaction resistance in saturated and gassy sands at different state parameters

Earthquake-induced liquefaction is a relevant natural hazard due to the damages caused in numerous buildings, facilities and infrastructures worldwide. The damages caused to the infrastructure by this phenomenon are caused by the loss of stiffness and strength in granular soils, which leads to settlements and lateral spreading. Earthquake-induced liquefaction typically occurs in saturated deposits composed of non-plastic soils. Hence, the degree of saturation reduction is considered one of the most favourable and optimistic methods for liquefaction resistance mitigation. This paper explores the earthquake-induced liquefaction in saturated and gassy sands, varying their degree of saturation and state parameters. The state parameter was used to analyse the mechanical behaviour by combining the effects of relative density (or initial void ratio) with confinement pressure. Results show that liquefaction resistance improvement caused by the reduction in the degree of saturation is higher as the state parameter increases. This improvement can be described and quantified by multivariate models integrating the effects of degree of saturation and state parameter on liquefaction resistance. This provides a potential solution for improving the resilience of infrastructures susceptible to earthquake-induced liquefaction.

Probabilistic back analysis of reservoir landslide considering hydro-mechanical coupled observations

Precisely assessing statistical parameters to characterize spatial soil variability presents a significant challenge in probabilistic slope stability analysis, primarily due to inherent soil uncertainties and limited field-specific data. Probabilistic back analysis, recognized as an effective and reliable technique, offers a rational method for utilizing observational data to invert parameters. Nevertheless, previous investigations into parameter inversion for slope stability analysis have seldom considered the coupling of hydro-mechanical characteristics in reservoir landslides. This study proposes a novel integrated Bayesian framework to perform back analysis of reservoir landslides, incorporating the spatial variability of hydro-mechanical parameters. Within this framework, a hypoplastic constitutive model is developed to characterize the step-like deformation of the reservoir slope. The posterior knowledge of the saturated permeability coefficient and shear strength parameters is obtained by collecting field monitoring data of the underground water level and ground displacement. The Maliulin landslide, located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China, is used as an illustrative example to validate the proposed framework through back analysis of spatially variable soil parameters and probabilistic stability analysis. The results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian updating framework significantly reduces the uncertainties associated with statistical values of soil parameters, providing more accurate and reasonable updated soil parameters for probabilistic slope stability analysis.

The potential role of interleukin-6 in the association between inflammation and cognitive performance in obstructive sleep apnea

BackgroundInterleukin-6 (IL-6) represents one of the main molecules involved in inflammatory responses, which can be altered in either patients with cognitive impairment or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The present study aimed to evaluate serum IL-6 levels and cognitive performance in patients with severe OSA (Apnea-Hypopnea Index - AHI >30/h). MethodsThirty patients with severe OSA were compared to 15 controls similar in age, sex, and Body Mass Index. All patients underwent a sleep medicine interview, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a polygraphic cardiorespiratory recording, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and a blood sample for serum IL-6 assessment. ResultsOSA patients presented higher IL-6 serum levels (Md = 7.38) than controls (Md = 2.20, p < 0.001). Moreover, OSA patients showed lower MoCA (Md = 27.00) and higher ESS scores (Md = 8.00) than controls (Md = 30.00, p < 0.001; Md = 4.00, p = 0.004, respectively). Higher IL-6 serum levels were associated with lower oxygen saturation parameters and MoCA scores. ConclusionsThis study documented an association between inflammation, featured by higher IL-6 serum levels, and both nocturnal hypoxemia and cognitive impairment in OSA patients. Therefore, the increase in IL-6 levels may represent the result of vascular damage and neuroinflammation due to intermittent nocturnal hypoxia and further causing neurocognitive dysfunction in OSA.

Effect of Curcumin Intake on Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Saturation Parameters in Older Participants.

Aging is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Curcumin has been shown to increase NO bioavailability due to its ability to neutralize ROS, preventing oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin intake on skeletal muscle oxygen parameters and exercise tolerance in response to exercise in older people. Changes in circulating levels of NO metabolites were also investigated. Older subjects consumed 10 g of turmeric root extract from Curcuma longa L. (containing 95.33% of the total curcuminoids) or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. A time of 2 h after ingestion, the participants performed one set of rhythmic handgrip exercise until the limit of tolerance, followed by 5 min of recovery. During exercise and exercise recovery, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation parameters were recorded. During exercise, the amplitude of deoxyhemoglobin was greater after curcumin intake compared to placebo (CUR: 13.11 ± 9.52 vs. PLA: 10.22 ± 8.39 μM, p = 0.030). Furthermore, a faster skeletal muscle oxygen resaturation during exercise recovery was observed after curcumin compared to placebo (CUR: 1.01 ± 0.65 vs. PLA: 0.32 ± 0.20%.s-1, p = 0.004). These results were associated with significant changes in plasma nitrite (CUR: 6.82 ± 11.68 vs. PLA: -4.94 ± 17.28%, p = 0.028). There was no statistical difference in the total hemoglobin, exercise time until fatigue, and plasma nitrate between groups. The present study suggests that curcumin improves muscle oxygenation status at the capillary level in older adults by possibly improving muscle oxygen extraction and/or delivery, with no effect on exercise tolerance.

Estimation of gas saturated sediments parameters in shallow water using vector receiver

A scheme for estimating parameters of gas-saturated sediments in shallow waters based on signals from moving noise source is proposed and tested on experimental data. Advantages of joint use of information about pressure and vertical component of particle velocity in solving the considered problem are discussed.

A personalized clinical assessment: multi-sensor approach for understanding musculoskeletal health in the frail population

BackgroundSarcopenia is a muscle disorder causing a progressive reduction of muscle mass and strength, but the mechanism of its manifestation is still partially unknown. The three main parameters to assess are: muscle strength, muscle volume or quality and low physical performance. There is not a definitive approach to assess the musculoskeletal condition of frail population and often the available tests to be performed in those clinical bedridden patients is reduced because of physical impairments. In this paper, we propose a novel instrumental multi-domain and non-invasive approach during a well-defined protocol of measurements for overcoming these limitations. A group of 28 bedridden elder people, subjected to surgery after hip fracture, was asked to perform voluntary isometric contractions at the 80% of their maximum voluntary contraction with the non-injured leg. The sensor employed before and/or during the exercise were: ultrasound to determine the muscle architecture (vastus lateralis); force acquisition with a load cell placed on the chair, giving an indication of the muscle strength; surface electromyography (EMG) for monitoring muscular electrical activity; time-domain (TD) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for evaluating muscle oxidative metabolism.ResultsA personalized “report card” for each subject was created. It includes: the force diagram (both instantaneous and cumulative, expected and measured); the EMG–force diagram for a comparison between EMG derived median frequency and measured force; two graphs related to the hemodynamic parameters for muscle oxidative metabolism evaluation, i.e., oxy-, deoxy-, total-hemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation for the whole exercise period. A table with the absolute values of the previous hemodynamic parameters during the rest and the ultrasound related parameters are also included.ConclusionsIn this work, we present the union of protocols, multi-domain sensors and parameters for the evaluation of the musculoskeletal condition. The novelties are the use of sensors of different nature, i.e., force, electrical and optical, together with a new way to visualize and combine the results, by means of a concise, exhaustive and personalized medical report card for each patient. This assessment, totally non-invasive, is focused on a bedridden population, but can be extended to the monitoring of rehabilitation progresses or of the training of athletes.

Ground motion amplification by twin circular tunnels for obliquely incident seismic waves: Effects of saturated poroelastic soil parameters

Underground structures can significantly affect the ground motion and further influence the seismic design of aboveground structures around them. Although this issue has been well recognised and studied, it is not thoroughly addressed as a large number of factors are involved. This paper focuses on ground motion amplification induced by twin circular tunnels embedded in saturated poroelastic soil. The saturated poroelastic soil is modelled as a two-phase medium to consider parameters characterising the fluid phase. Three-dimensional scattering features of the twin tunnels for obliquely incident seismic waves are numerically investigated by a 2.5D finite element and boundary element hybrid model. It is shown that the presence of the twin tunnels can lead to significant modifications of the free-field motion, in terms of its magnitude and distribution. The three-dimensional oblique incidence scenario presents a more general perspective on the ground motion amplification. Moreover, the effects of saturated poroelastic soil parameters on the ground motion amplification, including soil permeability, groundwater levels, and the degree of saturation, are parametrically investigated. The differences in ground motion amplification patterns between the saturated poroelastic and dry poroelastic soil scenarios are notable, highlighting the effects of parameters characterising the fluid phase.

(Invited) Analysis of Hysteresis in OTFTs Using a Physically-Based Compact Model

Organic TFTs (OTFs) have the potential to become essential devices for flexible, wearable and printed electronics. However, several issues related to their behavior still needs to be studied in detail and completely understood. One of these issues is hysteresis. In this abstract we analyze the hysteresis behavior in OTFT by applying a previously developed physically-based model to the direct (forward) and reverse (backward) dc sweeps of the transfer characteristics at different drain voltages. The identification of the model parameters which change provides more information about the hysteresis mechanism.The so-called UMEM (unified model and extraction method) model [1,2] developed for OTFT has been demonstrated to accurately reproduce the I-V characteristics for a wide range of geometries, bias and temperature conditions [3], as well as to extract physical values of most parameters. In this work we will show that it can reproduce the post-hysteresis I-V-characteristics of OTFT and that only a few parameters need to be changed.In the above threshold regime, where Variable Range Hopping dominates, the current is proportional to a field-effect mobility μFET= μ0(VGS-VT)γ/VAA γ , being VT the threshold voltage. The γ parameter depends on the DOS characteristic temperature T0 as = 2(T0/T-1).In the subthreshold regime diffusion dominates and the current is exponentially dependent on VGS:IDS=IDS0 exp (2.3(VGS-VT)/S) (1-exp(-VDS/Vth))where S is the subthreshold swing and Vth the thermal voltage.Aunified model of the drain current, valid and continuous from subthreshold to the above threshold regime, is finally obtained by means of a hyperbolic tangent function [1,2].In order to analyze the hysteresis behavior, this model was applied to both direct and reverse dc sweeps of the I-V characteristics of OTFT samples fabricated at CEA-Liten (Grenoble). Figs. 1 and 2 shows very good agreement from subthreshold toabove threshold. The parameter values extracted for the direct and reverse dc sweeps are shown in Table I. It is observed that the threshold voltage is shifted. The increase of γ indicates a higher degree of disorder in the reverse dc sweep characteristics. However, we can see that although IDS0 is higher, the extracted subthreshold swing value, S, does not change. The saturation parameter α is lower in the reverse sweep, but the rest of model parameters are not affected. Only γ and α show a variation with VDS, although rather small.[1] B. Iñiguez, et al., "New Compact Modeling Solutions for Organic and Amorphous Oxide TFTs," IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society, vol. 9, pp. 911-932, September 2021[2] C. H. Kim, et al., , “A Compact Model for Organic Field-Effect Transistors With Improved Output Asymptotic Behaviors,”IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1136-1141, March 2013.[3] H. Cortés-Ordóñez, et al., “Parameter extraction and compact modeling of OTFT from 150 to 350K,”, Trans. on Electron Devices, vol. 67, no. 12, pp.5695-5692, Dec 2020.Acknowledgements:This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science (PRX21/00726), and the EU EIC-PATHFINDER (BAYFLEX, no 101099555 Figure 1

Adaptive Iterative Learning Tracking Control for Nonlinear Teleoperators with Input Saturation

Addressing input saturation, external disturbances, and uncertain system parameters, this paper investigates the position tracking control problem for bilateral teleoperation systems with a time delay communication channel. Based on a composite energy function, we propose an adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) method to achieve the objective of position tracking under the alignment condition. This extends the existing research on the control of nonlinear teleoperation systems with time delay. The saturation constraint property of the Softsign function ensures that no state of the system exceeds its constraints. The controller learns to simultaneously deal with the uncertainty of system parameters online, reject external disturbances, and eliminate positional errors along the time and iteration axes. All signals in the system for any constant time delay are proved to be bounded. Ultimately, the performance of the proposed controller is further verified through numerical simulations.

Instabilities and self–organization in spatiotemporal epidemic dynamics driven by nonlinearity and noise

Theoretical analysis of epidemic dynamics has attracted significant attention in the aftermath of the COVID–19 pandemic. In this article, we study dynamic instabilities in a spatiotemporal compartmental epidemic model represented by a stochastic system of coupled partial differential equations (SPDE). Saturation effects in infection spread–anchored in physical considerations–lead to strong nonlinearities in the SPDE. Our goal is to study the onset of dynamic, Turing–type instabilities, and the concomitant emergence of steady–state patterns under the interplay between three critical model parameters–the saturation parameter, the noise intensity, and the transmission rate. Employing a second–order perturbation analysis to investigate stability, we uncover both diffusion–driven and noise–induced instabilities and corresponding self–organized distinct patterns of infection spread in the steady state. We also analyze the effects of the saturation parameter and the transmission rate on the instabilities and the pattern formation. In summary, our results indicate that the nuanced interplay between the three parameters considered has a profound effect on the emergence of dynamical instabilities and therefore on pattern formation in the steady state. Moreover, due to the central role played by the Turing phenomenon in pattern formation in a variety of biological dynamic systems, the results are expected to have broader significance beyond epidemic dynamics.

Comparison of mathematical and supervised machine-learning models for ductile-to-brittle transition in bcc alloys

This study focuses on modelling Ductile-to-Brittle Transition (DBT) curves using various mathematical and supervised machine learning models. Charpy impact energy values are converted to normalized energy values to account for reductions in upper-shelf energy. The research introduces a saturation parameter in mathematical models to capture these variations and examines the influence of alloying elements, microstructure, and neutron irradiation on DBT behaviour in nuclear structural materials. Detailed analyses reveal how fitting parameters vary with these factors and demonstrate that mathematical models’ fitting parameters generally align with observed DBT curve trends. The predictive capabilities of these mathematical models are also compared with those of supervised machine learning models, highlighting the strengths and limitations of each approach in modelling DBT behaviour. An explainable approach is used for interpretation of machine learning models and it is shown that this approach can be effectively used for the influence of various independent parameters on impact energy.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the method of studying water saturation for solving urgent decarbonization problems

At present, the impact of the decarbonization trend on the oil and gas industry is becoming more and more tangible. One of the promising approaches to carbon dioxide utilization is the technology of its injection into the productive formation for enhanced oil recovery. The projects realized in the world have shown the efficiency of liquefied carbon dioxide application as a solvent for wells, which leads to increase of hydrocarbon flow rate due to various mechanisms. CO2 injection has been proven to reduce the interfacial tension at the hydrocarbon-water interface and improve water wettability of the rock, converting it from a film state to a droplet state. However, when implementing this approach, it is worth paying attention to the study of formation parameters such as saturation and capillary forces. In this paper, the capillarometry principle is considered to calculate the water saturation parameter of a complex reservoir type with low filtration properties. The study is to evaluate an effective approach to study the estimated residual water saturation under complex pore space geometry and possible pore hydrophilicity disturbance. The practical interest of this work is to increase the study of reservoir properties at the pore level for prediction of its physical and chemical properties in the modeling of composite dynamic model for solving topical issues in reservoir development.

A simplified single-phase depth-averaged model for rock-ice avalanche movement considering ice melting

This paper considers a simplified single-phase depth-averaged model for simulating rock-ice avalanche movement, which incorporates an energy conservation equation to describe the evolution of mass temperature, accounting for the transition from negative to positive values and vice versa. Additionally, this model introduces a saturation parameter that quantifies the impact of pore water pressure on the normal stress of flow materials. To validate the feasibility of the presented model, two laboratory experiments are simulated. Based on the comparison between numerical results and measured data, this study demonstrates that the presented model captures the transformation of rock-ice avalanches from granular flow to debris flow induced by ice melting during movement and the evolution of associated variables including ice volume fraction and temperature. This study further investigates the impact of factors such as fluid viscosity and melting water on rock-ice avalanche movement through simulation. The findings demonstrate that fluid viscosity has an impact on the morphology of rock-ice avalanches and the rate of ice melting. Consequently, this influence directly affects the movement of rock-ice avalanches. In addition, the cohesive force generated by meltwater impedes the progression of low-speed rock-ice avalanches, particularly those with lower water content.

Investigations on saturable absorption characteristic of PdS2 and its application to high-peak-power sub-nanosecond intracavity OPO

In this work, a unique pentagonal TMD material, palladium disulfide (PdS2) nanosheets were fabricated by the liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) process, and the physical characteristics were also investigated. The nonlinear transmittance is measured by the power scanning method and the modulation depth is fitted to be 15.3%. Based on the transmittance curve, the saturable absorption parameters of PdS2 are calculated, including 5.85 × 10−19 cm2 ground-state absorption cross-section, 1.63 × 10−19 cm2 excited-state absorption cross-section, and 683.5 μs excited-state lifetime. By employing both PdS2 as a saturable absorber (SA) and an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), a doubly Q-switched and mode-locked (QML) laser-pumped intracavity KTiOPO4 (KTP) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was realized. The pulse energy and the pulse width of the Q-switched envelope for signal wave have been measured. At higher pump power, the high-peak-power low-repetition-rate sub-nanosecond mode-locking pulse of signal wave is generated, in which there is only one mode-locked pulse underneath a Q-switched envelope. The measured shortest signal pulse duration is 530 ps, corresponding to a peak power of 337 kW, at an incident pump power of 9.81 W and an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) repetition rate of 1 kHz. In addition, by considering the Gauss distribution of intracavity photon density, a set of coupled rate equations for a doubly QML laser-pumped intracavity OPO was given and the numerical simulations agreed with the experimental results. These results indicate that PdS2 is a promising nonlinear optical material for optical applications in the near-infrared (NIR) region.

Study on Saturable Absorption Characteristics of Bi2Se3 Topological Insulators with Film Thickness Dependence and Its Laser Application

In our work, a multi-layer topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 thin film was prepared by the chemical vapor deposition method (CVD), and its saturable absorption and damage characteristics were experimentally studied. The results show that when the wavelength is 1064 nm, the saturable absorption parameters of TI: Bi2Se3 film, including modulation depth αs, non-saturable loss αns, and saturation power intensity Isat, increase with the increase in film thickness, and the damage threshold is inversely proportional to the film thickness. The thicker the film layer, the lower the damage threshold. Among them, modulation depth αs is up to 51.2%, minimum non-saturable loss αns is 1.8%, maximum saturation power intensity Isat is 560.8 kW/cm2, and the damage threshold is up to 909 MW/cm2. The influence of the controllable thickness of TI: Bi2Se3 film on passive Q-switching and mode-locking performance of laser is discussed and analyzed when TI: Bi2Se3 film is prepared by the CVD method as a saturable absorber (SA). Finally, the performance of TI: Bi2Se3 thin film applied to nanosecond laser isolation at the 1064 nm band is simulated and analyzed. It has the natural advantage of polarization independence, and the maximum isolation can reach 16.4 dB.

Analysis of soil fertility status on rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted land in Polewali District, Polewali Mandar Regency

Rice is the main food commodity in Indonesia. The main abiotic factor affecting rice productivity is soil fertility. This study aimed to determine the soil fertility status (SFS) of paddy fields in Polewali District, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi. The research was conducted by surveying soil characteristics supported by soil chemical analysis at the Laboratory of Soil Science and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muslim Indonesia. The research was conducted in Polewali District, with the survey area consisting of 4 land map units (LMU). Soil fertility status was determined based on the criteria of each soil fertility parameter, namely: soil pH, organic C-content, cation exchange capacity, available P, Potassium content, and base saturation. The results showed that the SFS in Polewali District was classified as low. Only the base saturation parameters in LMU-2 and LMU-3 were classified as high. In addition, all parameters were only classified as very low to medium at all LMUs. Low C-organic content and very low P and K content are the main limiting factors for SFS. Recommended land management to improve soil fertility is the addition of organic matter that can increase total nitrogen and C-organic in the soil and the application of manure. Keywords: Soil fertility status, paddy fields, rice plants

An integrated approach to the substantiation of the boundary values and the assessment of the character of saturation in the deposits of the Tyumen formation

Background. The Tyumen formation is characterized by the complexity of the structure of deposits and consists of the sediments of different facies groups. To build hydrodynamic models, improve the development system and identify prospective zones, the conditions of sedimentation must be taken into account. Objective. Increasing the reliability of reservoir permeability assessment and clarifying critical resistivities when assessing the nature of saturation, which requires new approaches to petrophysical modeling. Materials and methods. The work uses the results of core studies and interpretation of well-logging data for the JV2 formation considering the facies. Results. The wettability of extracted and nonextracted samples is studied, the dependence of the saturation parameter on the water saturation coefficient is corrected taking into account the wettability of reservoirs, and the relative phase permeabilities are calculated for drainage conditions in the “oil–water” system. Conclusions. An integrated approach makes it possible to clarify the values of permeability, critical resistivities and oil and gas saturation of reservoirs, which can be used to identify prospecting zones when drilling new wells.

Magnetar QPOs and Neutron Star Crust Elasticity

The crust region is a tiny fraction of neutron stars, but it has a variety of physical properties and plays an important role in astronomical observations. One of the properties characterizing the crust is elasticity. In this review, with the approach of asteroseismology, we systematically examine neutron star oscillations excited by crust elasticity, adopting the Cowling approximation. In particular, by identifying the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in magnetar flares with the torsional oscillations, we make a constraint on the nuclear saturation parameters. In addition, we also discuss how the shear and interface modes depend on the neutron star properties. Once one detects an additional signal associated with neutron star oscillations, one can obtain a more severe constraint on the saturation parameters and/or neutron star properties, which must be a qualitatively different constraint obtained from terrestrial experiments and help us to complementarily understand astrophysics and nuclear physics.