Saturation Level Research Articles

The Impact of Using Nesting Care on Heart Rate, Oxygen Saturation, and Pain Among Premature Neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Supportive positioning may mimic the intrauterine environment and enhance neonates' physiological and developmental outcomes. Limited research in Saudi Arabia examined the effect of supportive positioning aids (nesting) on infant outcomes in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This study compared nesting care to non-nesting care in the short-term outcomes of premature neonates (heart rate, oxygen saturation, and pain) in Saudi NICUs. A quasi-experimental design compared two groups of premature neonates from two NICUs regarding their heart rate, oxygen saturation, and pain level. Nesting was used in the first group, and not in the second group. Seventy premature neonates (35 per group) were recruited. An independent t-test was used to compare the two groups. Heart rate was significantly lower in the nesting group than the non-nesting group at baseline and after procedures (136bpm and 139bpm vs 144bpm and 148bpm, P ≤ 0.05). The pain level was significantly lower in the nesting group than the non-nesting group at baseline and after procedures (3.7 and 3.8 vs 4.7 and 4.6, P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in oxygen saturation. Nesting care supported premature neonates in the NICU. It helped stabilize the heart rate and pain. NICUs in Saudi Arabia would benefit from educating NICU nurses and informing NICU managers and policymakers of nesting care.

The effect of rain intensity and soil saturation levels on slope stability in Kebun Kopi area KM 49+635

The effect of rain intensity and soil saturation levels on slope stability in Kebun Kopi area KM 49+635

A Pilot and Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Tofacitinib Add-On Therapy to Remdesivir in Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients.

This placebo-controlled and randomized pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and impact of tofacitinib/remdesivir combination therapy compared to remdesivir alone on clinical and laboratory findings of severely ill COVID-19 patients for future large-scale studies. Fifty patients were included in this study. They were randomly allocated into two groups of 25 subjects each. Patients in the treatment group received a five-day course of tofacitinib (10 mg twice daily) in addition to a five-day course of remdesivir, whereas the control group received a 10-day course of remdesivir with a placebo. There was no significant difference in rates of need for intubation (oxygen saturation level), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, death and length of hospitalization between the two groups (P>0.05). Nevertheless, the PRIEST severity score was significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group (P=0.03, effect size [95% CI]: -0.616 [0.0233-1.1723]). Moreover, the mean level of C-reactive protein after 10 days was significantly decreased in the treatment group but increased in the control group (P=0.006). Tofacitinib adopted in this pilot study modulate the inflammation and reduce the PRIEST score in severe COVID-19 patients. So, it is feasible and could be applied in future larger-scale trials to precisely determine its effects on coronavirus infections.

Impact of Iron Profile and Vitamin D Levels on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Cross-sectional Analysis at a Tertiary Care Center.

Sepsis is a major global health affecting millions worldwide, hence understanding its contributing factors becomes paramount. This cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center explores the relationship between iron profile, vitamin D levels, and outcomes in sepsis and septic shock patients. The primary objective was to explore the prevalence of iron profile and vitamin D parameters during early intensive care unit (ICU) admission and their association with 28-day mortality. Spanning 18 months, the study enrolled adult patients meeting sepsis or septic shock criteria at the ICU. Data collection included demographic information, clinical characteristics, and blood samples for iron profile and vitamin D levels at admission. Disease severity was assessed using sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, and treatment was administered as per surviving sepsis-3 guidelines. The research involved 142 participants, uncovering prevalent organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Noteworthy connections to mortality were identified for factors including vasopressor support, ICU stay duration, SOFA score, and APACHE-II score. Interestingly, age, gender, and vitamin D levels showed no significant associations. However, the study did reveal a significant association between iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation levels with increased 28-day mortality. Our study concluded that low Iron, elevated ferritin, and decreased transferrin saturation levels maintained associations with the outcome of interest. While no such relationship was established with vitamin D levels. These results suggest potential implications for patient management and prognosis, warranting further exploration in future research. Bairwa M, Jatteppanavar B, Kant R, Singh M, Choudhury A. Impact of Iron Profile and Vitamin D Levels on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Cross-sectional Analysis at a Tertiary Care Center. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(6):569-574.

DIY Ventilator using Arduino

Abstract: This document shows the summaries of the several tests we have taken. Breathing occurs in the human lungs. Every time they inhale, they push a system that triggers motivation and the exhalation process. It is really reasonably priced. This can be used when a patient's vital condition is in jeopardy and they are suffering from the harmful consequences of lung or breathing problems. It usesa stepper motor component to propel the ambulance bag. Heartbeat levels are low during breathing, although this component can be. The levels of respiration and heartbeat are displayed on the LED screen. A ringer is included in the system to sound alert in the event that any anomalies related to a patient's critical condition or breathing problem are discovered. In addition, to prevent over- or under-air pressure, the ventilator should be able to track the patient's blood oxygen saturation level and exhale lung strain. The Arduino-powered ventilator that we are developing here satisfies all of these requirements, making it an affordable and dependable do-it-yourself ventilator that can be useful during a pandemic

Effect of Using Oxygen Concentrators on Oxygen Saturation after COVID-19 Infection

Aim: Chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure may develop due to lung damage in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Therefore, chronic respiratory failure that requires continuous oxygen support may develop. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of using oxygen concentrators on oxygen saturation after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Material and Method: The study included 42 patients who used oxygen concentrators and 66 patients who did not use concentrators and applied to Ankara Training and Research Hospital Pulmonology Outpatient Clinic between January 1, and April 8, 2021 after COVID-19 infection. Patients received a sociodemographic data questionnaire and a COVID-19 infection severity questionnaire, which were completed through face-to-face interviews. Patients’ oxygen saturation levels were also measured and recorded at the time of interview. Results: Those using oxygen concentrators were older and had less education (p=0.001; p=0.03, respectively). Patients who complained of shortness of breath during infection were mostly in the oxygen concentrator group, while those who had headaches and diarrhoea were mostly in the group that did not require concentrators. The group using oxygen concentrators had longer hospital stays due to COVID-19 infection (p=0.001). Patients using oxygen concentrators had higher rates of pulmonary involvement and lower oxygen saturation levels (p=0.001). Conclusion: Patients who complained of dyspnea at the time of their COVID-19 diagnosis were more likely to require a concentrator at a later stage. Other factors influencing the need for concentrators include advanced age and education level. Patients using an oxygen concentrator had lower oxygen saturation levels, but the mean value was higher.

Reduced oxygen extraction fraction in deep cerebral veins associated with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

Studying the relationship between cerebral oxygen utilization and cognitive impairment is essential to understanding neuronal functional changes in the disease progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study explores the potential of using venous susceptibility in internal cerebral veins (ICVs) as an imaging biomarker for cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Quantitative susceptibility mapping derived from fully flow-compensated MRI phase data was employed to directly measure venous blood oxygen saturation levels (SvO2) in the ICVs. Results revealed a significant reduction in the susceptibility of ICVs (212.4 ± 30.8 ppb vs 239.4 ± 25.9 ppb) and a significant increase of SvO2 (74.5 ± 1.89% vs 72.4 ± 2.23%) in patients with RRMS compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Both the susceptibility of ICVs (r = 0.508, p = 0.031) and the SvO2 (r = −0.498, p = 0.036) exhibited a moderate correlation with cognitive decline in these patients assessed by the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, while no significant correlation was observed with clinical disability measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale. The findings suggest that venous susceptibility in ICVs has the potential to serve as a specific indicator of oxygen metabolism and cognitive function in RRMS.

Dyspnea management in patients with pneumonia and coronary artery disease: A case study

Background: Cardiovascular disease, particularly Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), is strongly linked to pneumonia. Patients suffering from both pneumonia and CAD frequently experience dyspnea as a symptom. Dyspnea, caused by both conditions, can significantly impact the patient's quality of life. Consequently, it is crucial to address and manage dyspnea in individuals with pneumonia and CAD. Purpose: To provide a thorough overview of managing dyspnea in patients with pneumonia and CAD in public hospitals in West Java, Indonesia. Method: Employing a case study methodology using a nursing care approach, encompassing nursing assessment, data analysis, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, evaluation, and documentation. The assessment indicated that the patient experienced shortness of breath, with a blood pressure of 145/86 mmHg, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, a pulse rate of 95 beats per minute, and an oxygen saturation level of 88%. The patient received 5 liters per minute of oxygen via a nasal cannula, and their body temperature measured 36.4ºC. Results: In this case study, dyspnea management involved positioning the patient, administering oxygen therapy in stages, and providing pharmacological treatments, including diuretics and antibiotics. Additional therapies included respiratory muscle training and effective cough exercises. These interventions successfully reduced the patient's respiratory rate to 18 breaths per minute and increased their oxygen saturation to 97% with a nasal cannula. Additionally, the patient's Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale score decreased to 1 out of 5. Conclusion: Nursing care management that includes positioning the patient in a semi-Fowler's position while resting and a Fowler's position when awake, administering oxygen therapy in stages, providing pharmacological treatments such as diuretics and antibiotics, and conducting respiratory muscle training, can lower the breathing rate and alleviate symptoms of shortness of breath in patients with pneumonia and coronary artery disease.

The Effect of Graded Running Protocols On Peak Oxygen Consumption and Intramuscular Oxygen Saturation

Aim: The aim of this investigation was to examine the impact of two different running protocols on peak oxygen consumption (VO2max) and regional intramuscular oxygen saturation (SmO2) levels in one highly trained runner. Methods: VO2 and SmO2 were measured simultaneously during a gradually ascending running protocol and a Bruce protocol. VO2 was measured by breath-by-breath spiroergometer gas analysis system (ZAN®, Germany), and SmO2 was measured from both gastrocnemius muscles using a wireless near-infrared spectroscopy device (BSXinsight®, USA). The correlation between VO2 and SmO2 data was determined by Pearson correlation coefficients over the test stage mean values. The change of VO2 and SmO2 within each stage was determined by first-degree polynomials. Results: Peak VO2 in the Bruce protocol (4390 ml/min) was higher than peak VO2 in the running protocol (4640 ml/min), but no difference was observed in end-test SmO2 decreases. There were highly significant negative correlations between VO2 values and SmO2 values (r=-0.960-0.990, p

Kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic hybrid simulation of infernal modes in circular tokamak plasmas with effects of kinetic thermal ions

Effects of the kinetic thermal ions (KTIs) on ideal infernal modes and resistive infernal modes have been investigated by using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation without KTIs and kinetic-MHD hybrid simulation with KTIs. For the ideal infernal modes, the pressure profile is significantly flattened at the saturated state for both the models with and without the KTIs. As the beta value decreases, the ideal infernal modes are stabilized while the resistive infernal modes are still unstable. For the resistive infernal modes, while the saturated pressure profile is significantly flattened in the MHD simulation without KTIs, the pressure profile is not flattened at the saturated state in the kinetic-MHD hybrid simulation with KTIs. The suppression of the saturation level by the effects of the KTIs results from the phase mismatch between the radial velocity and perturbed pressure mode structures. This indicates that KTIs play an essential role for the suppression of pressure profile flattening due to slowly growing resistive MHD instabilities.

Health monitoring system using ECG and PPG techniques

The demand for portable health monitoring systems has grown rapidly in recent years due to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and the need for continuous health monitoring. This article introduces the development and implementation of a portable health monitoring system using photo plethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) technologies. The system integrates the Node MCU ESP8266 microcontroller, AD8232 ECG sensor, and MAX30100 sensor to measure vital signs such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation level. The proposed system provides a cost-effective and efficient solution for real-time health monitoring, enabling early detection of abnormalities and timely intervention. The feasibility and performance of the system were proven through experimental tests.

Urbanization inequality: evidence from vehicle ownership in Chinese cities

Unequal outcomes resulting from urbanization can pose a significant challenge to sustainable development. Vehicles are an important urbanization dimension as a critical component of urban infrastructure by providing mobility and accessibility to social services. China’s vehicle ownership (referred to as in-use vehicle stocks) has been growing quickly since 2000, but its per capita stocks are still much lower than that in developed economies. This raises the question of whether and when China’s vehicle stocks will reach a peak level close to that in the developed countries. By analyzing vehicle stocks in 283 Chinese cities during 2001–2018, we have the following findings: (1) vehicle stocks are predominantly distributed in northern and eastern coastal cities and provincial capital cities; (2) inequality in vehicle ownership rates between cities shows a declining trend at both national and region scales; (3) the growth of vehicle ownership rates follows an S-shape curve and most cities are still at the early stage of motorization; (4) China is likely to have a lower saturation level of vehicle ownership rate. These results could help to accurately forecast future vehicle demand in China, estimate the resulting environmental impacts, and explore strategies to achieve carbon neutrality in transportation.

Hematological parameters of healthy pregnant women in three trimesters compared with parameters of non-pregnant women

Anemia is a public health problem, especially in developing countries. All over the world iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia, especially during pregnancy. Pregnant women belong to the most vulnerable population group in Iraq.The objective: to determine the impact of pregnancy on hematological parameters and to compare the hematological indicators in different periods of gestation with the indicators of non-pregnant women.Materials and methods. The study was conducted over a three-month period at Baghdad hospitals and medical centers, including Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Al-Karam Hospital, and a health center in Al-Dorrah and Al-Shaab, Baghdad province, from September 1 to December 1, 2022. 60 pregnant women, 20 persons in each trimester, and 25 non-pregnant women (control) aged 18–35 years were included in the study. All participants were examined for hematological parameters: hemoglobin, erythrocytes, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), measured of the concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells (MCHC) and determined the level of iron in the blood (serum iron – SI, total iron binding capacity – TIBC, transferrin saturation – TS and serum ferritin – SF).Results. A significant decrease in the hematological indicators of pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women was established – hemoglobin, erythrocytes, PCV, MCH, MCHC. The dynamics of the decrease in the level of these parameters increases in the second trimester, and also progressively decreases in the third trimester, which leads to anemia.Starting from the first trimester and during the second and third trimesters, a decrease in the level of serum iron, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin was found in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women, but the level of TIBC increased. During the second trimester, the need for iron begins to increase and continues to growth until the end of pregnancy. In addition, these research results indicate the importance of iron deficiency in the development of iron deficiency anemia.Conclusions. During pregnancy, anemia and a decrease in the level of some hematological parameters were determined, which progresses with increasing gestational age and is less compared to that in non-pregnant women. A decrease in the level of iron in the blood serum was established from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy. The severity of anemia is related to many factors, especially age, education level, low income, type of diet and parity.

Deep learning algorithm-enabled sediment characterization techniques to determination of water saturation for tight gas carbonate reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin, China

Understanding water saturation levels in tight gas carbonate reservoirs is vital for optimizing hydrocarbon production and mitigating challenges such as reduced permeability due to water saturation (Sw) and pore throat blockages, given its critical role in managing capillary pressure in water drive mechanisms reservoirs. Traditional sediment characterization methods such as core analysis, are often costly, invasive, and lack comprehensive spatial information. In recent years, several classical machine learning models have been developed to address these shortcomings. Traditional machine learning methods utilized in reservoir characterization encounter various challenges, including the ability to capture intricate relationships, potential overfitting, and handling extensive, multi-dimensional datasets. Moreover, these methods often face difficulties in dealing with temporal dependencies and subtle patterns within geological formations, particularly evident in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. Consequently, despite technological advancements, enhancing the reliability, interpretability, and applicability of predictive models remains imperative for effectively characterizing tight gas carbonate reservoirs. This study employs a novel data-driven strategy to prediction of water saturation in tight gas reservoir powered by three recurrent neural network type deep/shallow learning algorithms—Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Decision tree (DT)—customized to accurately forecast sequential sedimentary structure data. These models, optimized using Adam's optimizer algorithm, demonstrated impressive performance in predicting water saturation levels using conventional petrophysical data. Particularly, the GRU model stood out, achieving remarkable accuracy (an R-squared value of 0.9973) with minimal errors (RMSE of 0.0198) compared to LSTM, RNN, SVM, KNN and, DT algorithms, thus showcasing its proficiency in processing extensive datasets and effectively identifying patterns. By achieving unprecedented accuracy levels, this study not only enhances the understanding of sediment properties and fluid saturation dynamics but also offers practical implications for reservoir management and hydrocarbon exploration in complex geological settings. These insights pave the way for more reliable and efficient decision-making processes, thereby advancing the forefront of reservoir engineering and petroleum geoscience.

Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Former Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a Case Report

A 36-year-old male presented to the hospital with a chief symptom of dyspnea that began one day before admission and increased during the night upon admission. The individual does not experience nausea, vomiting, heartburn, and has regular urination and normal bowel movements. Loss of appetite and fatigue. There is no prior record of comparable grievances. The existence of a history of trauma cannot be refuted. Past medical history: The patient had pulmonary TB and completed treatment in April 2023. During the physical examination, the patient's overall condition was observed to be moderately unwell, with a clear and alert state of consciousness. Assessment of vital signs revealed a blood pressure of 117/84 mmHg, a pulse rate of 65 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 25 breaths per minute, a body temperature of 37°C, and an oxygen saturation level of 94%. In the thoracic region, the examination reveals the following findings: - Inspection shows movement of the chest wall on the left side. - Palpation detects weakened tactile fremitus on the left side. - Percussion produces a hypersonor sound on the left side. - Auscultation reveals normal vesicular sounds on the right side and weak vesicular sounds on the left side. Rhonchi are not present, but wheezing is heard in both sides of the chest. The supporting studies yielded a complete blood count within normal range, a VCT examination showing non-reactive HIV antibodies, a TCM sputum examination with undetectable MTB findings, and a chest X-ray examination indicating left pneumothorax and active pulmonary TB.

Oxygen venous saturation is associated with subclinical myocardial systolic dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of hemodialysis (HD) on myocardial injury, of both right and left ventricle function as well as their association with venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) alterations. We included in the study stable consecutive patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing regular HD. Right and left ventricular speckle-tracking echocardiographies were performed in all patients. The examination calculates the global systolic longitudinal strain (GLS). Blood samples were obtained from the central vein in order to measure the O2 saturation (ScvO2) levels prior and post HD. High sensitive troponin (HST) was also measured in all patients before and after HD. Thirty seven patients were evaluated. We found that both mean ScvO2 and left ventricle GLS (LV GLS) were deteriorated after the dialysis session: 76.47 ±1.98 to 71.54 ±5.10, p < 0.05 and -17.73 ±3.44 to -14.21 ±3.44%, p < 0.01, respectively. HST levels were increased at the end of hemodialysis, 22.45 ±13.26 to 106.78 ±146.19 pg/ml, p < 0.01. A significant correlation was also found between the decrease of LV GLS with the ScvO2 reduction, p = 0.001, as well as with the increase of the HST levels, p = 0.001. Our data demonstrate that there is a significant worsening of the GLS of the left ventricle at the end of the dialysis, which is strongly associated with the concomitant deterioration of ScvO2. The may be a reliable index of circulatory stress indicating a subclinical myocardial dysfunction during HD.

On the detailed mapping of peat (raised bogs) using airborne radiometric data

This study concerns the applied use of the natural radioactivity in soils. The relevance of airborne radiometric (gamma ray) survey data to peat mapping is now well established and such data have been used in a stand-alone sense and as covariates in machine learning algorithms. Here we present a method to use these data to accurately map the boundaries of peat (raised bogs). This has the potential to assist with the estimation of carbon stocks using a property-based assessment of soil. The significance of such regionally-uniform survey data lies in the subsurface information carried by the measurement which contrasts with the surficial nature of many other covariates. Soils attenuate radiometric flux by virtue of their bulk density (and associated carbon content) and water saturation level. The high attenuation levels in low density, wet peat materials give rise to a distinctive soil response. Here an entirely physics-based assessment of flux attenuation is carried out both theoretically and empirically. Radiometric data from the ongoing Tellus airborne survey of Ireland are used. The study area is characterised by an extensive assemblage of discrete raised peat bogs in a framework of largely mineral soils. Peat is detected by a property contrast with adjacent soils and so we consider all soils within the study area. The relatively low lateral resolution of the airborne data is demonstrated by modelling and we examine the behaviour of a combined spatial derivative of the data. The procedure allows the identification of the edges of the 128 peat polygons considered and indicates other additional potential areas of subsurface peat. The data appear to resolve the differences that exist across three available soil/peat databases that are used for the validation of the results obtained.

Iron Deficiency in Newly Referred Patients With Chronic Renal Failure.

Addressing iron deficiency is the key to managing anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) are being prescribed to an increasing number of patients with CKD by primary physicians following the emergence of newer agents for the management of renal anemia. Among the 361 (average age: 76.8±12.1 years; 54.0% males) patients with stages 4 and 5 CKD newly referred to the nephrology department of our hospital between 2018 and 2023 who had evaluable transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin levels, 169 patients (47%) had iron deficiency (ferritin <100 ng/mL or ferritin 100-300 ng/mL with TSAT <20%). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin level, TSAT, and median ferritin level were 17.0±7.0 mL/min/1.73 m², 10.8±2.1 g/dL, 27.5±13.1%, and 130 ng/mL, respectively. ESAs, HIF-PHIs, and iron supplements were prescribed to 35 (9.7%), 17 (4.7%), and 35 (9.4%) patients, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the iron indices of the ESA group; however, the serum ferritin levels in the HIF-PHIs group were significantly lower than in those in the no-medication group (P=0.02). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age, female sex, eGFR, medications for renal anemia, and a history of ischemic heart disease were associated with iron deficiency (P<0.05). Although patients with renal failure tend to exhibit anemia, attention should be paid to iron deficiency anemia in addition to renal anemia, especially in patients with renal failure and a history of ischemic heart disease.

Factors of unfavorable prognosis in patients with non-high risk pulmonary embolism

Abstract Introduction Pulmonary embolism (PE) nowadays is the third leading cause of death in the structure of cardiovascular mortality after myocardial infarction and stroke. Most of patients (pts) with PE are with non-high risk. According to the latest guidelines PESI and sPESI scores are used to predict 30-day outcome of non-high-risk pts. Nevertheless, the question of additional factors which are not included in PESI and sPESI scores and which may be associated with prognosis in such pts remains poorly understood. Purpose To identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality in non-high-risk PE pts. Methods A retrospective analysis of 635 medical cards of pts with diagnosis "PE" hospitalized in our clinical hospital during 2017 – 2023 period. The diagnosis was verified by multispiral computed tomography angiography (CTPA) of pulmonary arteries and/or by autopsy. There were 530 non-high-risk pts (83,4%). Pts were divided into groups: І group - pts who were discharged from hospital with improved status (479 – 90,4%), II group - pts who died in hospital (51 – 9,6%). Clinical, anamnestic, laboratory and instrumental parameters were measured. Statistical analysis was performed. Results According to multivariate analysis of variance, independent factors, which were associated with in-hospital mortality in pts with non-high-risk PE, were: the presence of atrial fibrillation, obesity, age, history of venous thromboembolism, lower levels of O2 saturation, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and higher pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). ROC analysis was performed to determine the thresholds of factors that were associated with in-hospital mortality: SBP ≤124 mmHg, HR≥110 bpm, PAP ≥54 mmHg, age&amp;gt;54 yo. Conclusions The factors which were associated with in-hospital mortality in pts with non-high-risk PE were: age, SBP, history of VTE, obesity, AF; blood saturation level, pulmonary artery pressure level.

BOLD: Blood-gas and Oximetry Linked Dataset

Pulse oximeters measure peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) noninvasively, while the gold standard (SaO2) involves arterial blood gas measurement. There are known racial and ethnic disparities in their performance. BOLD is a dataset that aims to underscore the importance of addressing biases in pulse oximetry accuracy, which disproportionately affect darker-skinned patients. The dataset was created by harmonizing three Electronic Health Record databases (MIMIC-III, MIMIC-IV, eICU-CRD) comprising Intensive Care Unit stays of US patients. Paired SpO2 and SaO2 measurements were time-aligned and combined with various other sociodemographic and parameters to provide a detailed representation of each patient. BOLD includes 49,099 paired measurements, within a 5-minute window and with oxygen saturation levels between 70–100%. Minority racial and ethnic groups account for ~25% of the data – a proportion seldom achieved in previous studies. The codebase is publicly available. Given the prevalent use of pulse oximeters in the hospital and at home, we hope that BOLD will be leveraged to develop debiasing algorithms that can result in more equitable healthcare solutions.