Saturated Fat Foods Research Articles

Development and evaluation of a novel margarine using starch hydrogel combined edible wax oleogel bigels

With heightened health awareness and regulatory guidelines, consumer preferences have shifted towards low/no saturated fat food products. Bigel has emerged as a viable solution for replacing saturated fat. In this study, a system based on bigel was developed using a potato starch-based hydrogel and a walnut oil/candelilla wax-based oleogel, and its quality characteristics including sensory properties, texture, rheology, crystal structure, solid fat content (SFC), and distribution uniformity of bigel were evaluated. The results indicated that the optimum ratio of oleogel (oil/wax=25) to hydrogel (distilled water/starch=30) for the prepared bigel-based margarine was 2:1 (w/w). The melting point of the bigel-based margarine ranged from 36.23±1.966 °C to 44.53±0.503 °C, with good plasticity, hardness, good thixotropy recovery and viscosity properties. The content of SFC was lower than 4%, the major crystal types were β and β' polycrystalline and possessed a good homogeneity. Generally, the preparation of nutritious and healthy margarine based on bigel is practicable. This research may provide a theoretical basis and also focus on the practical development and application of novel lower-temperature spreadable margarines.

The Relationship Between The Intake of High Saturated Fat Foods with Breast Cancer in Premenopause Women and the Review According to Islamic Perspective

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to WHO, there are 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast cancer appears more aggressive in premenopausal women. Unhealthy lifestyles such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and eating high-fat foods can increase the risk of breast cancer. Allah SWT advised us to pay attention to our diet, because something excess is not good. Methods: The research is a quantitative research with observational analytic. The population is divided into a case group, 38 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 35-47 years and a control group, namely 38 women who didn't suffer from breast cancer, aged 35-47 years. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with the snowballing method. This research taken using a questionnaire containing identity and Semi-Quantitative FFQ and processed using SPSS, and analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: A total of 45.8% of respondents aged 41-50 years when diagnosed with breast cancer with P-value (0.342). 71 respondents didn't have smoking habit with P-value (0.165), 75 respondents didn't have a habit of consuming alcohol with P-value (0.314), (73.9%) respondents from the case group had a family history of cancer with P-value (0.006). 55 respondents consumed foods high in saturated fat with a P-value (0.442). Conclusion: There was no significant association between age, alcohol consumption, smoking habits and consumption of saturated fat and the incidence of breast cancer, but there was a significant association between family history and the incidence of breast cancer.

The Relationship Between The Intake of High Saturated Fat Foods with Breast Cancer in Premenopause Women and the Review According to Islamic Perspective

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to WHO, there are 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast cancer appears more aggressive in premenopausal women. Unhealthy lifestyles such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and eating high-fat foods can increase the risk of breast cancer. Allah SWT advised us to pay attention to our diet, because something excess is not good. Methods: The research is a quantitative research with observational analytic. The population is divided into a case group, 38 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 35-47 years and a control group, namely 38 women who didn't suffer from breast cancer, aged 35-47 years. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with the snowballing method. This research taken using a questionnaire containing identity and Semi-Quantitative FFQ and processed using SPSS, and analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: A total of 45.8% of respondents aged 41-50 years when diagnosed with breast cancer with P-value (0.342). 71 respondents didn't have smoking habit with P-value (0.165), 75 respondents didn't have a habit of consuming alcohol with P-value (0.314), (73.9%) respondents from the case group had a family history of cancer with P-value (0.006). 55 respondents consumed foods high in saturated fat with a P-value (0.442). Conclusion: There was no significant association between age, alcohol consumption, smoking habits and consumption of saturated fat and the incidence of breast cancer, but there was a significant association between family history and the incidence of breast cancer.

Too Many Calories, Refined Carbohydrates, and Saturated Fat Consumption Endow to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pakistani Adults

Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of liver disease worldwide. A healthy diet plays a significant role in the prevention of NAFLD. Few studies have been done in Pakistan to evaluate the dietary intake of patients suffering from NAFLD. This study aimed to look into the dietary intake of NAFLD patients being treated at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan Objective: To determine the nutritional status of NAFLD patients. Method: 118 NAFLD patients, aged 18 to 60, male and female, were enrolled. Patients with advanced liver or kidney failure, decompensated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, acute flare, and chronic liver disease were excluded. This cross-sectional study used an interview-administered questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutrition-related biochemical measurements, and dietary intake (24-hour diet recall and validated food frequency questionnaire). Data were analyzed using SPSS (VERSION) Statistics v26 RESULTS: Out of 118 subjects; 69% were female, Anthropometric data revealed that 41% were morbidly obese (BMI 29 >kg/m2). The average daily calorie and protein intakes were 2135 kcal and 64.2 gm, respectively. Dietary recall indicates a high consumption of saturated fat foods including paratha (34%), cake (16.9%), pizza (17.8%), banaspati ghee (11%), and consumption of high glycemic fruits like Mango (42%) and dates (32.2%). Practical implication: this study will benefit that healthy diet plays a significant role prevention of NAFLD,and can reduce the burden of obesity and its complication in later life. Low carbohydrate intake, limiting saturated fat and increased physical activity play a vital role in management of NAFLD Conclusion: Participants with NAFLD had insufficient dietary patterns. This may be associated with lower consumption of fruits and vegetables, and increased intake of high saturated fat and glycemic index foods; behavioral strategies should be implemented to change this patient's overall dietary intake. Keywords: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, nutritional status, dietary intake, glycemic food

Intake of high saturated fat foods predicts cognitive change in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) (4847)

Intake of high saturated fat foods predicts cognitive change in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) (4847)

Abstract P352: The Yoga-meditation Heart Connection: a Pilot Study Looking to Improve Women’s Heart Health

Introduction: Stress, anxiety and depression are nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that are more common in women. Yoga and meditation have shown to improve patient’s overall levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, and possibly decrease CVD risk. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that regular, supervised sessions of chair yoga and meditation can be a complementary measure to decrease the level of anxiety, stress and depression in women with or at risk for CVD, and pursue lifestyle modifications. Methods: An anonymous survey was provided to the participants of a weekly complimentary chair yoga/meditation workshop supervised by a trained cardiac yoga therapist. The surveys were distributed on day 1 and on week 24 to assess any changes in their reported level of stress, depression, anxiety and lifestyle. Results: A total of 16 and 10 female participants with or at risk for CVD completed the initial and follow up survey respectively, which included validated screening tools for depression, anxiety and stress. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 from the initial session to the follow up survey, showed an increase in the score (2.25 vs 3.2 respectively [P = 0.199]). Despite this increased trend, the severity remained within the definition of minimal depression. The mean Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 went from 7 in the initial visit down to 4.9 (P = 0.138) for the follow up survey (decreased from a definition of mild anxiety to no clinical anxiety). Lastly, the Perceived Stress Score demonstrated a mean reduction from 18.25 to 15.2 (P = 0.106), both remaining as moderate perceived stress. Participants also endorsed a trend towards integrating more low saturated fat foods, and 37.5% endorsed a 3-9 lbs weight loss. Conclusion: Although more research and larger studies are yet to be done to demonstrate a definitive benefit in meditation and gentle chair yoga in CVD risk reduction, our pilot study demonstrated a trend towards overall improvement of novel risk factors for CVD, which predominantly affect women. Given the low harm and cost of these measures, they can be done as adjuvants to our standard of care to increase the patient’s overall well being by improving the psychological aspect of their lives which in turn could reflect on their physical health.

Executive functions and consumption of fruits/ vegetables and high saturated fat foods in young adults.

Executive functions play a critical role in regulating eating behaviors and have been shown to be associated with overeating which over time can result in overweight and obesity. There has been a paucity of research examining the associations among healthy dietary behaviors and executive functions utilizing behavioral rating scales of executive functioning. The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the associations among fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of foods high in saturated fat, and executive functions using the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Adult Version. A total of 240 university students completed the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Adult Version, the 26-Item Eating Attitudes Test, and the Diet subscale of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with two separate models in which fruit and vegetable consumption and saturated fat intake were the outcomes. Demographic variables, body mass index, and eating styles were controlled for in the analysis. Better initiation skills were associated with greater intake of fruits and vegetables in the last 7 days (standardized beta = -0.17; p < 0.05). Stronger inhibitory control was associated with less consumption of high fat foods in the last 7 days (standardized beta = 0.20; p < 0.05) in the multiple linear regression analysis. Executive functions that predict fruit and vegetable consumption are distinct from those that predict avoidance of foods high in saturated fat. Future research should investigate whether continued skill enhancement in initiation and inhibition following standard behavioral interventions improves long-term maintenance of weight loss.

The influence of herbs, spices, and regular sausage and chicken consumption on liking of reduced fat breakfast and lunch items.

Adults often consume more fat than is recommended. We examined factors that may improve liking of reduced fat and reduced saturated fat foods, including the addition of herbs and spices and habitual consumption of different high-fat and low-fat food items. We randomized adults to taste 3 different conditions: full fat (FF), reduced fat with no added spice (RF), and reduced fat plus spice (RFS). Subjects rated their liking of French toast, sausage and the overall meal, or chicken, vegetables, pasta, and the overall meal on a 9-point hedonic Likert scale. Overall liking of the RF breakfast and lunch meals were lower than the FF and RFS versions (breakfast: 6.50 RF compared with 6.84 FF, P = 0.0061; 6.50 RF compared with 6.82 RFS, P = 0.0030; lunch: 6.35 RF compared with 6.94 FF, P < 0.0001; 6.35 RF compared with 6.71 RFS, P = 0.0061). RFS and FF breakfast and lunch meals, French toast, chicken, and vegetable likings were similar. FF and RFS conditions were liked more than RF for the breakfast and lunch meals, French toast, chicken entrée, and vegetables. Liking of all 3 sausage conditions was similar. FF pasta was liked more than RFS and RF (7.47 FF compared with 6.42 RFS, P < 0.0001; 7.47 FF compared with 6.47 RF, P < 0.0001). Habitual consumption of roasted chicken was associated with reduced liking of FF chicken (r = -0.23, P = 0.004) and FF pasta (r = -0.23, P = 0.005). Herbs and spices may be useful for improving the liking of lower fat foods and helping Americans maintain a diet consistent with the U.S. Dietary Guidelines. Americans consume more fat than is recommended in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This study shows that you can take foods like French toast, chicken, or a vegetable side and cut the fat and calories by up to 50% while restoring flavor with herbs and spices. People typically use butter, cheese, or fatty meat to enhance the flavor of their food. We found that even when we reduced the fat in our meals by using lower fat dairy and meat products but then added herbs and spices, we were able to deliver the flavor people desire for a fraction of the calories.

La activación de PPARβ/δ previene la hipertrigliceridemia causada por una dieta rica en grasas. Implicación de la AMPK y de la vía PGC-1α-lipina 1-PPAR

IntroductionExcessive consume of hypercaloric and high in saturated fat food causes an atherogenic dyslipidemia. In this study we analyzed the effects of PPARβ/δ activator GW501516 on the hypertriglyceridemia induced by a high-fat diet. MethodsMale mice were randomized in three groups: control (standard chow), high fat diet (HFD, 35% fat by weight, 58% Kcal from fat) and high fat diet plus GW501516 (3mg/Kg/day). Treatment duration was three weeks. ResultsHFD-induced hypertriglyceridemia was accompanied by a reduction in hepatic levels of phospho-AMPK and in PGC-1α and Lipin1 mRNA levels. All these effects were reversed by GW501516 treatment. The lack of changes in phospho-AMPK levels after GW501516 treatment in HFD-fed animals could be the result of an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio. GW501516 treatment also increased Lipin1 protein levels in the nucleus, led to the amplification of the PGC-1α-PPARα pathway and increased PPARα DNA-binding activity, as well as the expression of PPARα-target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. GW501516 also increased β-hydroxibutirate plasmatic levels, a hepatic β-oxidation end product. Finally, GW501516 increased the hepatic levels of the PPARα endogenous ligand 16:0/18:1-PC and the expression of the VLDL receptor. ConclusionThese data indicate that the hypotriglyceridemic effect of GW501516 in mice subjected to HFD-fed mice is accompanied by an increase in phospho-AMPK levels and the amplification of the PGC-1α-Lipin1-PPARα pathway.

Web-Based Risk Communication and Planning in an Obese Population: Exploratory Study

BackgroundA healthy diet, low in saturated fat and high in fiber, is a popular medical recommendation in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). One approach to motivating healthier eating is to raise individuals’ awareness of their CVD risk and then help them form specific plans to change.ObjectivesThe aim was to explore the combined impact of a Web-based CVD risk message and a fully automated planning tool on risk perceptions, intentions, and saturated fat intake changes over 4 weeks.MethodsOf the 1187 men and women recruited online, 781 were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: a CVD risk message, the same CVD risk message paired with planning, planning on its own, and a control group. All outcome measures were assessed by online self-reports. Generalized linear modeling was used to analyze the data.ResultsSelf-perceived consumption of low saturated fat foods (odds ratio 11.40, 95% CI 1.86–69.68) and intentions to change diet (odds ratio 21.20, 95% CI 2.6–172.4) increased more in participants allocated to the planning than the control group. No difference was observed between the four conditions with regard to percentage saturated fat intake changes. Contrary to our expectations, there was no difference in perceived and percentage saturated fat intake change between the CVD risk message plus planning group and the control group. Risk perceptions among those receiving the CVD risk message changed to be more in line with their age (change in slopeindividual = 0.075, P = .01; change in slopecomparative = 0.100, P = .001), whereas there was no change among those who did not receive the CVD risk message.ConclusionThere was no evidence that combining a CVD risk message with a planning tool reduces saturated fat intake more than either alone. Further research is required to identify ways in which matching motivational and volitional strategies can lead to greater behavior changes.Trial RegistrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 91154001; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN91154001 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/62sBoGeOO)

Physical Activity Among African American Women: A Response to Karla A. Henderson

Reading Karla Henderson’s paper, “Physical Activity among African American Women: Change and Ways of Knowing,” tweaked my memory of a popular 1997 movie, Soul Food. Soul Food is about an African American family’s forty-year tradition of sharing dinners on Sunday afternoons, which inevitably burst from the kitchen as fried chicken, greens, black-eyed peas, corn bread, ham hocks, sweet potato pie, butter beans, turkey, biscuits and gravy, and chitlins. In essence, the movie centers on a matriarchal character named Big Mama Jo and her role within the family bonds, particularly with her three sisters. Everything begins to deteriorate when Big Mama Jo is hospitalized with complications from diabetes—she suffers a stroke and loses a leg. This movie is also about the intersection of family, church, and the neighborhood wrapped around the lives in one African American family. Mama Jo’s family, and Henderson’s paper, struck me as similar in nature when they referred to the same tragic story and negative consequences of untreated diabetes, high saturated fat food consumption, and lack of physical activity—issues too often encountered among the youth and older adults in the African American community. The study of physical activity among African American women is more than timely, considering that this population tends to display higher levels of sedentary behaviors and elevated levels of obesity as compared with their white female counterparts. According to Diabetes Data Stats (2010), from 2003 to 2006, African- American females were 70% more likely to be obese than non-Hispanic white women. African American males are equally at risk; they are 60% more likely to die of a stroke than their white counterparts. From 2006 to 2008, African Americans had 51% higher prevalence of obesity as compared with whites. The highest prevalence of obesity was found in the Midwest and South. This finding is not surprising given the fact that a large segment of the African American population resides in these two regions of the country. Much is at stake, and a critical eye on Henderson’s line of research shows a scholar who has a mission to eradicate all social inequality, serving as a social justice advocate for fairness, equality, and mutual respect. A review of some of her published manuscripts over the past ten years reaffirms her commitment to this noble cause of “social justice.” Specifically, Henderson’s research can be classified into three dis tinct categories: (1) injustice and inequality in the pursuit of leisure among minority women, (2) kids’ camps and health promotion development, and (3) physical activity and older adults. Please permit me to expand my discussion on each of these areas.

Dietary and Lifestyle Practices of Hmong in California

As Hmong adapt to life in Fresno, California, their dietary and lifestyle patterns are examined. Data on tobacco and alcohol use, dietary practices, and socio-demographic variables were collected from a convenience sample, stratified by age and sex. The 248 participants were interviewed. Descriptive analyses reveal that more than 63% of Hmong adults were either overweight or obese. Only 57% could speak English fluently, and 71% were economically impoverished. Hmong do not consume tobacco and alcoholic products excessively. Rice, chicken, beef, and eggs were the most frequently identified food items. Fruits and vegetables were also identified. Low alcohol and tobacco consumption may offer Hmong some protection against certain diseases. However, low socioeconomic status and rapid urbanization may have resulted in a shift from a high-energy expenditure lifestyle and high fiber diets to a sedentary lifestyle with high saturated fat food diets, which may be detrimental to the health of many Hmong.

Food Products Containing Free Tall Oil-Based Phytosterols and Oat β-Glucan Lower Serum Total and LDL Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Adults

This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial evaluated the influence of low fat, low saturated fat food products that contained free tall oil-based phytosterols (TOP) and oat beta-glucan (from whole oats and bran concentrate) on serum lipid concentrations in adults with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. After a 5-wk National Cholesterol Education Program Step I diet lead-in period, 112 subjects incorporated one of two treatments into their diets for 6 wk: food products (cereal, snack bar and beverage) that provided 1.8 g TOP and 2.8 g beta-glucan/d and contained < or =3.0 g total fat and < or =1.0 g saturated fat (TOP/beta-glucan treatment) or similar control foods. The serum LDL cholesterol response from baseline to the end of study was significantly larger in the TOP/beta-glucan treated group than in the control group, in which there was no change (-3.7 vs. 0.4%; P = 0.013). Likewise, total cholesterol decreased in the TOP/beta-glucan treatment group and did not change significantly in the controls (-2.3 vs. 0.8%; P = 0.043). Serum HDL cholesterol and triglyceride responses did not differ between the groups. The results of this trial suggest that consumption of a group of low fat, TOP and beta-glucan- containing foods is a useful adjunct in the dietary management of hypercholesterolemia.

V. Adopting Healthful Lifestyle Habits to Lower LDL Cholesterol andReduce CHD Risk

V. Adopting Healthful Lifestyle Habits to Lower LDL Cholesterol andReduce CHD Risk

Appraisal of dietary fat as a causative factor in atherogenesis

This document attempts to evaluate the strengths of the associations between dietary fat and the genesis of atherosclerosis; the kinds of evidence on which these associations are based; and the risks and benefits caused by changing the quantity and quality of dietary fat in the American diet. The role of dietary fat will be evaluated herein as a factor independent of such other putative dietary factors as 1) total caloric intake, 2) quality and quantity of dietary carbohydrate, 3) intake of alcohol, and 4) intake of salt. The section on “Cholesterol” points out the difficulties inherent in evaluating cholesterol independently of dietary fat. However, saturated fat foods (the putative factor to be discussed in this section) are characteristically rich in cholesterol; therefore, this section will consider fat and cholesterol as conjoint factors when this is appropriate.