Satisfaction Outcomes Research Articles

Enhancing patient outcomes through nursing care in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration; a randomized control trail.

When compared to open surgery, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) is known to cause less discomfort and a faster recovery. This study examines the effect of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) strategy on LCBDE outcomes. In March 2021 to May 2024, 400 patients with LCBDE participated in randomized research. The six patient groups were: Multimodal Pain Management (n = 50), Standard Pain Management (n = 50), ERAS (n = 50), Preoperative Assessment (n = 100), Standard Preoperative Assessment (n = 100), and Standard Care (n = 50). The patient's satisfaction, long-term recovery, pain, anxiety, and complication rates were among the outcomes that were measured. After the intervention, the mean anxiety level of the ERAS group was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and their rates of complications were also decreased. Reduced postoperative pain scores, which were 5 on day 1 and decreased to 3 by day 3, were the consequence of the multimodal pain management strategy inside ERAS. A 90% satisfaction rating and an average recovery period of five days were reported by the ERAS group. Long-term results in ERAS showed that the average time to return to work was only 25 days, and there was a decreased incidence of chronic pain. The ERAS protocol enhances the short- and long-term course of recovery for patients with LCBDE, leading to increased satisfaction and better clinical outcomes. These results suggest that the ERAS method should be used as the gold standard for postoperative care for patients with LCBDE.

BN SO22 - Magnetic sphincter augmentation in the management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) through placement of the LINX device is an alternative to fundoplication in the management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess efficacy, quality of life and safety in patients that underwent MSA, with a comparison to fundoplication. Method A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases was performed for studies that reported data on outcomes of MSA, with or without a comparison group undergoing fundoplication, for GERD from January 2000 to January 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models and between-study Results Thirty-nine studies with 8,075 patients were included: 6,983 patients underwent MSA and 1,092 a fundoplication procedure. More individuals discontinued proton-pump inhibitors (P&amp;lt;0.001; WMD 0.83) and had higher rates of satisfaction (P&amp;lt;0.001; WMD 0.85) following MSA compared to fundoplication. Functional outcomes including ability to belch (P&amp;lt;0.001; WMD 0.96) and emesis (P&amp;lt;0.001; WMD 0.92), and bloating (P=0.003; WMD 0.20) were better after MSA than after fundoplication, although MSA had higher rates of dysphagia (P=0.001; WMD 0.41). The overall erosion and removal rate following MSA was 0.24% and 3.9% respectively, indicating no difference in re-intervention rates between MSA and fundoplication (P=0.446; WMD 0.001). Conclusion MSA is a safe and effective procedure at reducing symptom burden of GERD and can potentially improve patient satisfaction and functional outcomes. However, randomized controlled trials directly comparing MSA with fundoplication are necessary to determine where MSA precisely fits in the management pathway of GERD.

Single stage direct -to- implant breast reconstruction following mastectomy (The use of Ultrapro® Mesh).

Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with direct to implant (DTI) is the preferred method of reconstruction by many surgeons and patients, however, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and other synthetic meshes are expensive especially in low- and middle-income countries. AIMOF THE WORK: To evaluate the technique, indications, aesthetic outcomes, and short and long-term complications of DTI breast reconstruction performed with Ultrapro®, a low-cost alternative mesh to ADM and other synthetic meshes. Our study is a prospective cohort study that was conducted on 133 patients who experienced IBR following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) or skin sparing mastectomy (SSM) using silicone implants and Ultrapro® mesh between December 2020 and December 2023. Techniques used were either sub-pectoral or pre-pectoral, evaluating aesthetic outcome, complication rate and patient satisfaction using breast Q questionnaire. We included 133 patients (141 breasts) with a median age of 39years. Mean duration of follow up: 20.364 ± 5.39months. The sub-pectoral and the pre pectoral techniques were used for 80 breasts and 61 breasts respectively. We used the Ultrapro® mesh in all our patients. Smooth round silicone implants were used. The overall Major complications rate was 16.3%. 8 implants (5.7%) were lost within 6months post-operatively while 2 implants were removed in the late post-operative period (after 6months) one due to rupture and the other due to local recurrence. Capsular contracture Baker 3 and 4 was observed in 36 breasts (25%), 31 of them had post mastectomy radiotherapy treatment. 11 (7.8%) were managed by capsulotomies and re-insertion of the same implant. Radiotherapy was a significant risk factors for major complications and capsular contracture with p value of (0.01) and (0.0001) respectively. DTI in properly selected patients offers excellent outcomes and patient satisfaction. The complication rate is low and improves with the experience of the surgeon. The Ultrapro® mesh is a safe, low-cost alternative to ADM or other synthetic meshes especially in low socioeconomic countries. Radiotherapy is a significant risk factor for major complications and capsular contractures.

Orthodontic-orthognathic combined case management in postgraduate orthodontic and oral maxillofacial surgery programs.

With the development of three-dimensional (3D) image, the 3D virtual surgical planning (VSP) system has been broadly used in the treatment planning of orthodontic-orthognathic cases. This study aimed to understand the current education status regarding the use of orthodontic-orthognathic surgical planning tools in the postgraduate orthodontic and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) programs in North America. An electronic multiple-choice survey was sent via email with 2-week and 1-month follow-ups, requesting anonymous participation of program directors/department chairs from all postgraduate orthodontic and OMFS programs in North America. Responses were collected directly on Qualtrics for analysis. The response rate was 25.68% for orthodontic and 34.34% for OMFS programs. Two-dimensional traditional surgical planning (TSP) at initial treatment planning and 3D VSP right before surgery were most commonly utilized in both specialty programs. All responded postgraduate OMFS programs utilized VSP, yet 26.32% of responded orthodontic programs did not utilize VSP. For the surgical outcomes, fewer orthodontic programs were highly satisfied than OMFS programs. More orthodontic programs warranted secondary surgery at a higher rate due to the unsatisfied outcome. Additionally, the orthodontic programs that did not use VSP showed higher unsatisfied surgical outcomes than the programs that used VSP. Moreover, there were discrepancies between orthodontic and OMFS programs regarding the perceived level of collaboration of each other on the surgical planning for the patients. There were discrepancies between orthodontic and OMFS programs regarding the utilization of VSP, treatment outcomes satisfaction, and perceived level of collaboration on surgical planning for the patients.

Enhancing Collaborative Leadership in Healthcare: Addressing Ego Conflicts for Organizational Harmony and Improved Patient Care

In today’s complex healthcare environment, fostering collaboration between medical professionals and administrative teams is essential for delivering high- quality patient care. However, non-clinical conflicts, often driven by differences in authority, communication gaps, and ego clashes, can disrupt organizational harmony. These conflicts between doctors, nursing heads, and corporate teams can negatively affect operational efficiency, care outcomes, and staff morale. This article explores the root causes of these conflicts, highlights successful global strategies for resolving them, and provides a comprehensive framework for promoting a culture of mutual respect and teamwork within healthcare settings. By implementing these approaches, healthcare organizations can create a cooperative environment that enhances both staff satisfaction and patient outcomes. Moreover, the article examines how these strategies can be applied globally to address similar challenges across diverse healthcare settings.

Evaluating the Impact of Adjustable- and Fixed-Loop Femoral Endobuttons on Intraoperative Surgeon Satisfaction and Postoperative Patient Functional Outcomes in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction

Evaluating the Impact of Adjustable- and Fixed-Loop Femoral Endobuttons on Intraoperative Surgeon Satisfaction and Postoperative Patient Functional Outcomes in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction

Client’s pre-operative expectations and outcome of cataract surgery at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Objectives: A cataract is an opacity of the natural crystalline lens that causes vision loss. It is the most common cause of blindness worldwide, accounting for 39% of the 42 million blind people in the world. The optimum outcome from a cataract surgery can be achieved if post-operative subjective outcomes meet pre-operative expectations. It is expressed in different ways including patient satisfaction. This study evaluated clients’ pre-operative expectations and the outcome of cataract surgery at Jos University Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental, prospective hospital-based study that consecutively recruited 109 participants aged 18 years and above for 6 months. Data regarding the sociodemographic characteristics, pre-operative visual function, and expected post-operative outcome were collected preoperatively, and the subjective outcome and level of patient satisfaction were also assessed 6 weeks after surgery using a visual function index questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences’ version 23. Frequencies and percentages were determined for categorical variables; mean and standard deviation, median, and interquartile range were calculated for continuous variables. Correlation was used to measure the relationship between overall satisfaction and expected or achieved visual function. A significant level was determined at P &lt; 0.05. Results: A total of 109 participants were seen in this study, of which 60 (55%) were males. The mean age of participants in the study was 64.5 ± 11.1 years. The median (interquartile range) expected and actual post-operative outcome scores were 100 (80–100) and 98 (75–100), respectively. The majority of the participants, 86 (78.9%), were satisfied with the outcome of cataract surgery, and the predictors of satisfaction were insertion of posterior chamber intraocular lens, absence of complications, and absence of ocular comorbidities. We found a significant strong positive correlation between subjective outcome and satisfaction (r = 0.538, P ≤ 0.0001). Conclusion: The majority of the clients were satisfied with the outcome of their surgeries which meets the high expected outcomes from the clients pre-operative. Adequate counselling, training, and retraining of surgeons are key to improving and maintaining satisfaction with the outcome of cataract surgery.

Functional Outcome and Patient Satisfaction After Primary vs Secondary Arthrodesis for Lisfranc Injuries: Toward a Single-Surgery Approach.

The choice between primary arthrodesis (PA) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for acute Lisfranc injuries remains contentious. Apart from primary treatment, arthrodesis is often used for treating chronic Lisfranc injuries, including patients in whom initial ORIF or nonoperative treatment failed. The aim of this study was to compare PA and secondary arthrodesis (SA) in terms of complications and functional outcome. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on trauma patients with Lisfranc injuries treated at a level 1 trauma center between July 1, 2010, and July 1, 2020. Selected patients were evaluated at the outpatient clinic and received a survey. Demographics, injury characteristics, management, complications, and patient-reported outcomes (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society midfoot score, Foot Function Index) were analyzed. Twenty-nine of 37 potential patients (78.4%; PA n = 11, SA n = 18) completed the survey with a median follow-up of 7.1 (PA) to 9.3 (SA) years (P = .01). The majority were female (n = 18, 62.1%); the mean age of PA patients was 57.1 years (SD 14.2) compared with 43.5 years (SD 17.1) in SA patients (P = .04). In the PA group, there was no infection, 100% union, and implants were removed in 5 of 11 patients. In the SA group, 11.1% (n = 2) developed infection, malunion rate was 11.1%, implants were removed in 33.3% (n = 6), and 22.2% required revision surgery. AOFAS was "good" in PA (77.7, SD 17.3) compared with rated "fair" in SA (67.1, SD 21.3, P = .19). FFI was better in PA (26.0, SD 26.2) than SA (37.6, SD 30.8, P = .32), which exceeded the minimally important clinical difference. Although this study was limited by sample size, the overall results suggest equivalent functional outcome, pain and treatment satisfaction in primary arthrodesis compared with secondary arthrodesis patients for treatment of Lisfranc injury.

Patient-Centered Care and Process Improvement: A Systematic Review of Impacts on Satisfaction Outcomes

Patient-centered care (PCC) has emerged as a crucial approach in enhancing healthcare delivery, focusing on the needs and preferences of patients. This systematic review explores the impact of process improvement strategies on patient satisfaction outcomes within PCC frameworks. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies published between 2016 and 2024, analyzing the effectiveness of process improvement interventions such as Lean, Six Sigma, and workflow optimization in various healthcare settings. Inclusion criteria focused on studies that specifically measured patient satisfaction as an outcome. The review found that process improvement initiatives positively influence patient satisfaction by streamlining care delivery, reducing wait times, and improving communication between healthcare providers and patients. However, variations in intervention types and healthcare settings highlight the need for context-specific applications. This review underscores the importance of integrating process improvement tools into PCC practices to achieve better satisfaction outcomes and improve overall care quality. Future research should focus on long-term effects and broader applications of these interventions in diverse healthcare environments.

Nurse Burnout and Patient Safety, Satisfaction, and Quality of Care

Occupational burnout syndrome is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment and is prevalent among nurses. Although previous meta-analyses have explored the correlates of nurse burnout, none have estimated their association with health care quality and safety and patient morbidity and mortality. To evaluate the magnitude and moderators of the association between nurse burnout and patient safety, patient satisfaction, and quality of care. The Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ProQuest databases were searched from January 1, 1994, to February 29, 2024. Two reviewers independently identified studies that reported a quantifiable association between nurse burnout and any of the outcomes of patient safety, patient satisfaction, or quality of health care. The PRISMA 2020 guideline was followed. Two reviewers independently extracted the standardized mean difference (SMD) (Cohen d) estimates for a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were conducted using prespecified variables. Any measure of patient safety, patient satisfaction, or quality of health care previously associated with nurse burnout. A total of 85 studies (81 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal) involving 288 581 nurses from 32 countries (mean [SD] age, 33.9 (2.1) years; 82.7% female; mean [SD] burnout prevalence rate with study-specific ascertainments, 30.7% [9.7%]) were included. Nurse burnout was associated with a lower safety climate or culture (SMD, -0.68; 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.54), lower safety grade (SMD, -0.53; 95% CI, -0.72 to -0.34), and more frequent nosocomial infections (SMD, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.04), patient falls (SMD, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.03), medication errors (SMD, -0.30; 95% CI, -0.48 to -0.11), adverse events or patient safety incidents (SMD, -0.42; 95% CI, -0.76 to -0.07), and missed care or care left undone (SMD, -0.58; 95% CI, -0.91 to -0.26) but not with the frequency of pressure ulcers. Nurse burnout was also associated with lower patient satisfaction ratings (SMD, -0.51; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.17) but not with the frequencies of patient complaints or patient abuse. Finally, nurse burnout was associated with lower nurse-assessed quality of care (SMD, -0.44; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.30) but not with standardized mortality rate. The associations were consistent across nurses' age, sex, work experience, and geography and persistent over time. For patient safety outcomes, the association was smaller for the low personal accomplishment subcomponent of burnout than for emotional exhaustion or depersonalization, as well as for nurses with a college education. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, nurse burnout was found to be associated with lower health care quality and safety and lower patient satisfaction. This association was consistent across nurse and study characteristics.

Navigating Challenges in Online Cybersecurity Education: Insights from Postgraduate Students and Prospects for a Standardized Framework

This study focuses on the challenges encountered in online cybersecurity education. It adopts an exploratory research design using a mixed-methods approach to investigate the perceptions and experiences of postgraduate students enrolled in an online cybersecurity program. The collection of data is structured into two distinct phases. In the initial phase, qualitative insights are gathered through workshops with students and industry experts, followed by administering a questionnaire to delve deeper into students’ perceptions and challenges. Thematic analysis of the responses reveals significant interest in online cybersecurity programs but also highlights issues such as ineffective communication and poor engagement. The findings highlight the necessity for a standardized framework to improve communication, engagement, and overall effectiveness in virtual learning environments. By empowering instructors to design more interactive courses and leveraging technology efficiently, the framework aims to improve student motivation, satisfaction, and learning outcomes. Moreover, it serves as a valuable resource for institutions, fostering collaboration and innovation in cybersecurity education. Implementing this framework will create a more conducive learning environment, directly enhancing student preparation for success in the dynamic field of cybersecurity.

Breast Cancer Survivors' Perceptions of Mastectomy Reconstruction: A Comparative Analysis of Medical Tattooing Impact on Aesthetics.

Studies indicate that physical appearance changes affect a significant proportion of breast cancer survivors, often leading to post-surgical distress. Both reconstructive surgery and medical tattoos are associated with patient-reported satisfaction, yet further research is necessary to understand their combined impact on aesthetic outcomes from the patient perspective. This study examined how breast cancer survivors evaluated the cosmetic and decision satisfaction of other patients who made various cosmetic intervention choices post-mastectomy. Breast cancer survivor support networks (n = 180) across 20 states agreed to share information about the online survey to their members. Participants (n = 251) rated the cosmetic outcome and decision satisfaction of images depicting other patients who had received mastectomy with three types of intervention: reconstruction alone, medical tattooing alone (flat closure), and reconstruction and medical tattooing combined. A factorial MANOVA produced significant within-subjects effects indicating participants consistently rated images of patients with a combination of reconstruction and medical tattooing highest in cosmetic quality, lowest in scar visibility, and highest in treatment decision satisfaction. The findings suggest that medical tattooing serves as a valuable complementary cosmetic intervention, with many survivors expressing interest and recognizing potential benefits once informed about the option. However, the study's limitations, such as the need for a more diverse range of patient images for evaluation, should be acknowledged. Future research should address these gaps by incorporating photographs of patients across varying demographics, including age, body weight, disease severity, and surgical procedures, to minimize bias. Despite these limitations, this study highlights the significant role that medical tattooing can play in enhancing aesthetic outcomes after surgery, particularly from a patient-centered perspective. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://link.springer.com/journal/00266 .

High Preoperative Expectations may not Need to be Feared.

Retrospective. Evaluate correlations between preoperative expectations for pain improvement and 12-month functional outcomes and satisfaction following 1-2 level primary anterior cervical surgery. Limited data exists evaluating correlations between patients' preoperative expectations for pain relief and subsequent functional and satisfaction outcomes following primary anterior cervical surgery. Understanding correlations between expectations and outcomes may help identify patients most likely to benefit from surgery. Patients who underwent 1-2 level primary ACDF or CDA for degenerative disease between 2016-2021 were included. All patients had 12-month NDI data. Preoperative expectations for pain relief were collected at the initial clinic visit using 5-point Likert scales. Preoperative and 12-month postoperative satisfaction were recorded using 7-point Likert scales. Covariates including age, gender, procedure type, smoking status, opioid use, worker's compensation/litigation, BMI, and indication (radiculopathy versus myelopathy). Linear regression models were constructed to assess 12-month NDI change score versus pain relief expectations. Additional regression models assessed expectations versus achievement of MCID at 3- and 12-months and satisfaction at 12-months. 198 ACDF (56.1% female, median age 57) and 52 CDR patients (55.8% female, median age 51) were included. Regression models found no significant correlations between pain relief expectations and degree of NDI score improvement at the 12-month postoperative timepoint or MCID achievement at the 3- and 12-month postoperative timepoints. There was no association between preoperative expectations and 12-month satisfaction. However, greater preoperative dissatisfaction was significantly associated with greater 12-month improvement in NDI score. Preoperative pain relief expectations were not associated with functional outcomes or satisfaction following 1-2 level primary ACDF or CDR at 12-month follow-up. Patients' dissatisfaction with their preoperative spinal condition was significantly associated with greater 12-month NDI improvement. Assessing preoperative satisfaction may help identify those most likely to benefit from surgery.

Decompression without fusion in low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis and stenosis patients: long-term patient-reported outcome

BackgroundOne-third of patients suffering from neurogenic claudication due to lumbar spinal stenosis have low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis. Decompression in these patients is considered a risk factor for instability, and it remains unclear whether instrumented fusion should be added. This study aims to assess the long-term clinical outcomes of decompressive surgery without instrumented fusion in symptomatic spinal stenosis patients regardless of low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis. MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, lumbar spinal stenosis patients with or without spondylolisthesis undergoing decompressive surgery were studied, 9 years postoperatively. Pain, functionality, and satisfaction questionnaires were sent to 250 spondylolisthesis and 200 randomly selected stenosis patients. Demographic characteristics, surgical technique, reoperation indication and incidence, and patient-reported outcome measures were assessed. ResultsAt long-term follow-up, the mean Oswestry Disability Index was 23.6 ±20.15 in the spondylolisthesis group and 23.4 ±20.9 (p=0.957) in the stenosis group. The EuroQol-5D was 0.74±0.28 and 0.75 ±0.24 (p=0.793) respectively. The Zurich Claudication Questionnaire score was 48.2% ±18.8 and 49.6% ±18.5 (p=0.646) respectively. After nine years of follow-up, comparable satisfaction rates are reported (69% of spondylolisthesis patients and 68% of stenosis patients (p=0.855). Reoperation rates were comparable in the spondylolisthesis and stenosis group (7 versus 6%). ConclusionThis cohort study demonstrated comparable satisfaction and clinical outcomes after decompressive surgery for symptomatic spinal stenosis in patients with and without grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis. Decompressive surgery can, therefore, be considered an effective treatment for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis, even if it is accompanied by degenerative spondylolisthesis. Therefore, routinely adding instrumented spondylodesis is not deemed necessary.

Gender and Job Satisfaction: Examining the Role of Leadership Behavior and Gender Congruence Over Time

This article examines the longitudinal relationships between leader gender, leadership style, gender congruence between leaders and followers, and employee job satisfaction over time. Drawing on gender stereotype and role congruity theories, it reviews how communal attributes ascribed to females can initially disadvantage women in leadership roles by compromising their perceived competence. However, evidence indicates such bias may fade as individuals gain experience observing a leader's actual behaviors, values and competencies through ongoing interactions. Specifically, a five-year longitudinal field study found women leaders initially received marginally lower evaluations than men but ended with equal or higher ratings as preconceptions diminished. Additionally, demonstrating a transformational leadership style emphasizing inspiration and development associated positively with follower well-being across genders and leader-follower gender alignments. Practically, organizations that implement regular assessment and mentoring activities appear most effective at fostering truly inclusive cultures where talent, not attributes, drive satisfaction and career outcomes long-term.

Comparison between gas insufflation and gasless techniques for endoscopic transaxillary thyroidectomy.

This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and prognosis of endoscopic thyroidectomy via axillary approach using insufflation and gasless methods. Retrospective analysis included patients undergoing endoscopic thyroidectomy at our institution from June 2022 to October 2023. Patients were categorized into insufflation and gasless groups. Analysis compared surgical time, blood loss, drainage volume, tube removal time, hospital stay, complications, pain score, and incision satisfaction. 73 patients (48 insufflation, 25 gasless) were analyzed. Insufflation technique showed significantly superior outcomes: shorter surgery duration, reduced drainage volume, earlier tube removal, shorter hospital stay, and higher incision satisfaction (all P < 0.05). Postoperative pain (VAS) was lower in insufflation group on first day, but no significant difference on seventh day. No significant differences in blood loss or complications were observed. Insufflation technique offers advantages over gasless method including shorter operation time, reduced drainage, earlier tube removal, and shorter hospital stays, with comparable outcomes in pain and incision satisfaction.

The Impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) on Its Performance of the Organization in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai Region

This paper investigates the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on organizational performance, in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai area focusing on the. HRM practices, such as recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and employee motivation, play a critical role in enhancing both individual and organizational outcomes. By examining how these practices are implemented and their influence on performance metrics like productivity, employee satisfaction, and financial outcomes, this research seeks to highlight the strategic value of HRM in modern organizations.

The critical role of quality-of-life data in managing patients with central nervous system disorders

Quality of life (QoL) is an essential metric in evaluating the overall well-being of patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Understanding QoL data is crucial for tailoring treatment approaches, enhancing patient outcomes, and assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. This paper discusses the importance of QoL assessments in CNS disorders, including the impact on treatment decisions, patient satisfaction, and long-term health outcomes. It also explores the challenges and methodologies for collecting and analyzing QoL data, emphasizing the need for integrating these metrics into clinical practice. Ultimately, enhancing QoL is paramount in the comprehensive management of CNS disorders.

Ethnic inequalities in primary care experiences for people with multiple long-term conditions: Evidence from the general practice patient survey

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between ethnicity and experiences of primary care for people with multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) and assess the relative importance of demographic, practice, and area-level factors as influences on primary care experiences across ethnic groups. Study designA retrospective study using 2018–19 GP Patient Survey data linked to General Practice Workforce data and small area data published by the Office for National Statistics. MethodsWe conducted multilevel regression analysis to assess the relationship between ethnicity and experience of accessing primary care and interacting with healthcare professionals. We built separate regression models for each outcome and included (i) each covariate separately, (ii) demographic factors and (iii) demographic, practice, and area-level factors. ResultsUpon full adjustment Arab, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Indian, Pakistani, other Asian, mixed white and Asian, and other white people with MLTCs have lower levels of satisfaction with primary care access and interacting with healthcare professionals compared with white British people. The influence of demographic, practice and area-level factors is not uniform across ethnic groups; demographic factors account for the inequalities in levels of satisfaction with access to primary care between white British people and Black other, mixed other, mixed white & Black Caribbean and Gypsy & Irish Travellers. However, practice and area-level factors strengthen inequalities in the experience of accessing primary care for Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani people. ConclusionsGiven the link between patient satisfaction and patient-related health outcomes, the lower levels of satisfaction with accessing primary care and interacting with healthcare professionals among the aforementioned minoritised ethnic groups are concerning and require further scrutiny. Qualitative studies are required to understand and address the sources of poor experiences in primary care for minoritised people with MLTCs to improve patient-centred healthcare and outcomes.

Emotional Intelligence Profiles among Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals (LGB) People: Their Influence on Mental Health, Life Satisfaction, Self-esteem and the Development of Sexual Identity

Abstract Introduction Many studies have focused recently on the negative impact of homophobia or biphobia, seeking to identify protective factors for the LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) community. Methods The present study aims to identify emotional intelligence (EI) profiles among a sample of 1215 LGB people in order to determine whether significant differences exist between them in terms of mental health, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and the development of sexual identity. To analyse the differential effect of EI on the variables, four cluster profiles were defined by combining the three dimensions of EI (attention, clarity, and repair). The first profile had low levels in all three dimensions; the second had high attention and low repair; the third had high general EI and the fourth had low attention and high repair. Results Significant differences were observed among profiles (p &lt; .001; η2 = 0.126). Those with high EI indexes reported less anxiety and depression and had better levels of self-esteem, life satisfaction and acceptance of their non-normative sexual identity. Those with low rates in all areas of EI or high levels of attention were at risk of developing psycho-emotional problems. Discussion We can conclude that different EI profiles exist among LGB community and that these profiles influence mental health, life satisfaction and self-esteem outcomes and identity development in different ways. Policy Implications The findings reported here have practical policy implications for psychoeducational proposals and interventions aimed at improving the experiences of LGB people, particularly in terms of promoting individual characteristics that can help them cope with systematic oppression, such as emotion repair.