Individual Satisfaction Research Articles

Prioritizing Pathways Based on Satisfaction of Individuals Using Mobility Aids with Urban Road Infrastructure—Application of FSE and PROMETHEE II in Saudi Arabia

The convenience of commuting for individuals using mobility aids (IMAs) depends on various features of urban road infrastructure. The present research selected different pathways based on the relevance and convenience of IMAs in three regions of Saudi Arabia, including Riyadh, Qassim, and Hail. A survey questionnaire was developed to evaluate the satisfaction of IMAs with four critical criteria of road infrastructure, including travel distance, slope, availability of footpaths, and number of junctions, using a 5-point Likert scale from very low to very high. A sufficient sample size of this exceptional proportion of the population from different genders, age groups, education levels, employment status, number of disability years, and types of mobility aid participated in the survey. The main reasons for dissatisfaction of more than 50% of the participants were inadequate infrastructure design of entrances to public facilities, pedestrian crossings, and junctions. Social stigma and inadequate assistive technology were also highlighted by around 20% of the participants. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation identified length, slope, and footpaths along the pathway as the most critical features based on the subjective opinion of the participants, of which around 65% have been using artificial limbs or manual wheelchairs. PROMETHEE II aggregated the importance of weights estimated by the participants’ opinion and performance scores of infrastructure features to effectively rank ten pathways in three major cities of the selected regions, using partial and complete outranking. The framework developed in the present study helps concerned organizations to comply with the Vision 2030 goal of a vibrant society in Saudi Arabia by identifying critical pathways and improving infrastructure design to ensure safety, convenience, and satisfaction for IMAs.

Hyper-personalized employment in urban hubs: multimodal fusion architectures for personality-based job matching

AbstractIn the evolving landscape of smart cities, employment strategies have been steering towards a more personalized approach, aiming to enhance job satisfaction and boost economic efficiency. This paper explores an advanced solution by integrating multimodal deep learning to create a hyper-personalized job matching system based on individual personality traits. We employed the First Impressions V2 dataset, a comprehensive collection encompassing various data modalities suitable for extracting personality insights. Among various architectures tested, the fusion of XceptionResNet with BERT emerged as the most promising, delivering unparalleled results. The combined model achieved an accuracy of 92.12%, an R2 score of 54.49%, a mean squared error of 0.0098, and a root mean squared error of 0.0992. These empirical findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the XceptionResNet + BERT in mapping personality traits, paving the way for an innovative, and efficient approach to job matching in urban environments. This work has the potential to revolutionize recruitment strategies in smart cities, ensuring placements that are not only skill-aligned but also personality-congruent, optimizing both individual satisfaction and organizational productivity. A set of theoretical case studies in technology, banking, healthcare, and retail sectors within smart cities illustrate how the model could optimize both individual satisfaction and organizational productivity.

Patient-Reported Experience Measurements From Individuals With Inherited Retinal Disorders Involved in Observational Research.

Inherited retinal disorders (IRD) are a complex group of conditions. By developing the first patient-reported experience measurement (PREM) questionnaire tailored for individuals with IRD participating in natural history studies, we gathered information on individuals' views of their experience while they are involved in research. Adults with IRD who (i) were enrolled in a natural history study taking place at Moorfields Eye Hospital (London, UK), (ii) had attended at least two study visits, (iii) the most recent one being less than two weeks before the questionnaire, and (iv) who were not involved in interventional research, were considered for participation. Fifty individuals completed the PREM questionnaire at a mean age of 31.1 ± 11 years old and were diagnosed at a mean age of 14 ± 9.7 years old. Most individuals rated "getting closer to receiving treatment' as their main motivation to enroll in the study, and their biggest influence was their own curiosity. Individuals were more satisfied with the care they received, and least satisfied with the efficiency of the visit. After validity and reliability assessments, the final PREM was created, with 27 questions and five sections, and Cronbach alpha coefficient between 0.316 and 0.756 in each section. The PREM instrument allowed us to assess the overall satisfaction of individuals with IRD involved in research, detect possible barriers to research participation, and ways of improving our care. The final version can be included in future research and other sites worldwide, to maintain high quality standards.

Using genre analysis for conceptualising virtual team collaborations with complex role and work context connections: what implementation problems can occur?

ABSTRACT Modern technology enables virtual team collaboration, offering new possibilities, particularly for geographically distributed teams. Traditionally, organisations favoured presence-based collaboration, but the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a widespread reconsideration, highlighting the feasibility and advantages of virtual teamwork. In the post-pandemic era, the focus has shifted from whether to engage in virtual team collaboration to how to do so effectively and efficiently. Particularly, the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that virtual team collaborations with complex role and work context connections can still encounter fundamental problems. Thus, it is crucial to promote effective and efficient collaboration within virtual teams. This study employs a genre analysis proactively to conceptualise complex virtual team collaboration within a fully virtualised management education seminar addressing real-world IT consulting problems. Through a qualitative multiple-case study approach, the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach are evaluated. This study demonstrates the feasibility through handling, individual satisfaction, and group performance. It also sheds light on the potential of proactive use of genre analysis. The findings underscore the importance of using genre analysis in a proactive way and provide theoretical insights.

An interdisciplinary approach to rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: case series.

Interdisciplinary care is increasingly promoted to enhance satisfaction and outcomes for individuals with complex medical conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is little research on the feasibility or efficacy of interdisciplinary care in clinical settings. And, while the use of an integrated team of allied health professionals has the potential to provide significant health benefits to individuals with PD, there are educational and logistical barriers to the use of interdisciplinary care in clinical settings. An interdisciplinary care model was described that aimed to facilitate these benefits and alleviate some of these known clinical feasibility challenges. Three cases are also provided to exemplify how this approach to collaborative care was used to address individual needs and to highlight some of the successes and challenges associated with the implementation of an interdisciplinary and person-centered care model via telehealth. These cases may help clinicians adopt techniques to facilitate greater collaboration across disciplines or aid in the development of a feasible interdisciplinary program in their own clinics. Further research is needed to further enhance individual outcomes and integrate other disciplines into the care team.

Nature-based interventions for individuals with rare skeletal disorders: evaluation of a 5-day sailing program on health-related quality of life

Individuals with rare skeletal disorders like Multiple Osteochondromas and Ollier Disease often experience physical and psychological burdens. Adventure therapy, with activities like sailing in outdoor settings, promotes personal growth and psychological well-being, potentially improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a sailing program on health-related quality of life and participant satisfaction in individuals with Multiple Osteochondromas and Ollier Disease. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-post design was employed, with HRQoL assessed using the EQ-5D® instrument and participant satisfaction measured via a feedback survey. Data were collected before and after the five-day sailing program conducted in the Mediterranean Sea in 2022 and 2023, involving participants diagnosed with Multiple Osteochondromas and Ollier Disease. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and McNemar’s test for paired data. A significance level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.10 was considered. A total of 25 participants, predominantly male (52%), with a median age of 16 years (ranking from 11 to 31), were included in the study. The sailing program had mixed impact on HRQoL. Specifically, individuals who were female (p = 0.03), aged 16 and older (p = 0.04), with higher educational attainment (p = 0.10) or stronger self-management (p = 0.09), resilience (p = 0.01) and self-engagement (p = 0.09) skills experienced enhanced HRQoL. Conversely, other participants exhibited an increase in self-care difficulties (p = 0.02) and a trend towards worsening pain/discomfort (p = 0.38). Overall satisfaction with the program was high, with 90% of participants expressing satisfaction.This is the first study which examined HRQoL in Multiple Osteochondromas and Ollier Disease patients within an outdoor adventure therapy setting. Findings suggest that adventure therapy, integrated into healthcare strategies, may offer a valuable complement to conventional treatments for rare skeletal disorders. Future research, including randomized controlled trials, are necessary to confirm these results and develop robust interventions for improving the well-being in this population.

Defining the Care Pathway in Patients with Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis.

This study aims to map the clinical pathway for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) in a tertiary hospital to better understand patient needs and experiences, thereby suggesting improvements in patient-centered care. A mixed-method approach was utilised involving a literature review, a questionnaire for healthcare professionals (HCPs), and two focus groups (one with HCPs and the other with patients with psoriasis or AD). Ethical approvals were obtained, and informed consent was acquired from all participants. Patients and HCPs identified significant delays in the pre-diagnosis phase, extending up to five years for psoriasis and three years for AD, adversely affecting the timely initiation of effective treatment. In addition, there were reported difficulties in obtaining appointments during flares, a lack of dermatologic emergencies, a need to increase human resources and physical space, and a need for telematic consultations for urgent cases. Discrepancies between HCPs' perceptions and patients' experiences highlighted unmet needs, particularly in primary care settings and emergency departments. Several strengths were also identified, including satisfactory experience in dermatology, the hospital's high level of specialisation in the management of complex patients, optimal communication between services, consideration of patient preferences, and proper advice on hospital pharmacy care and administration support of treatment and adherence monitoring. The findings underscore the necessity for interventions to reduce wait times and improve treatment immediacy and effectiveness post-diagnosis. The insights from this study can direct enhancements in patient management and satisfaction for individuals with psoriasis and AD.

Examination of the relationship between conflict resolution styles and marital satisfaction: the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between conflict resolution styles and marital satisfaction in married individuals. A total of 706 married individuals, 234 men and 472 women, constitute the study’s working group. The ages of the participants ranged from 21 to 60, with an average age of 38.45. As a result of the analysis conducted within the scope of the study It has been found that positive conflict resolution, retreat and subordination conflict resolution styles are positively related with marriage satisfaction, while negative conflict resolution styles are negatively related with marriage satisfaction. The results show that positive conflict resolution, negative conflict resolution, retreat and subordination conflict resolution styles have a direct effect on marital satisfaction, but this effect does not disappear when emotion regulation difficulties is controlled, so emotion regulation difficulties play a partial mediator role.

How does geographical environment affect residents' perception of social justice: An empirical study from low-income communities in Beijing

With the transition to a market-oriented economic system and the transformation of social structure, urban society has undergone significant spatial differentiation, leading to a deepening divide between the rich and the poor. This has caused issues like social exclusion and spatial isolation to become increasingly prominent, which in turn, limit the harmonious and orderly development of cities. As Beijing's goal to become a “world-class harmonious and livable city” accelerates, there has been a growing focus on ensuring social justice satisfaction for residents in low-income communities. This focus has translated into more attention being paid to spatial equity in residents' living environments. Employing a mixed-methods approach with multi-level regressions to understand the nuanced interplay between urban geography and social equity, where depend variable was subjective questionary from low-income communities in Beijing (2017), the independent variables were geographical factors. Using research data from typical low-income communities in Beijing (2017), our study integrated theories from geography and sociology to examine the spatial equity of the living environment. We then empirically analyzed the impact of geographical environment and objective conditions on residents' perception of social equity in low-income communities. Our findings indicate that there are significant differences in the level of social justice perception among residents across different types of communities. The upscale community with better community environment is not consistent with the evaluation of higher perceived justice. Furthermore, service facilities, employment accessibility, and built environment all influence individual satisfaction with social justice to varying degrees. There is also a moderating effect of living environment satisfaction on social justice perception in low-income communities, with residents' socioeconomic attributes influencing their level of social justice satisfaction. This research contributes to the broader understanding of spatial equity in urban development, highlighting the pivotal role of geographical factors in shaping perceptions of social justice. These insights are crucial for policymakers and urban planners striving for more equitable urban development in rapidly growing cities.

Disclosure of Sexual Trauma to Romantic Partners: Examining PTSD Clusters, Partner Reactions, Perceived Partner Responsiveness, and Relationship Satisfaction.

The present study explored the relationship between disclosure of sexual trauma to a romantic partner and relationship satisfaction for individuals who have experienced unwanted or forced sexual contact. We examined whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clusters, partner reactions, and perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) mediated that relationship. Relationship satisfaction was significantly, positively correlated with trauma disclosure, positive partner reactions, and PPR, and significantly, negatively correlated with negative partner reactions and the PTSD clusters of avoidance and negative alterations in cognitions and mood. Trauma disclosure had a significant, indirect effect on relationship satisfaction via positive partner reactions and PPR. Findings from this study can be utilized to inform clinical interventions and guide future research for individuals who have experienced sexual trauma.

The effect of different essential oils used in stoma bags of individuals with colostomy remooval of odor, life satisfaction and effect on stoma fit: Randomized controlled study

ObjectiveThe aim of the research was conducted as a randomized controlled interventional study to determine the effect of lavender/mint essential oils placed in stoma bags on odor removal, life satisfaction and stoma compliance in individuals with colostomy. MethodThe research population is patients with permanent colostomy registered in a university hospital's stoma therapy unit. The sample consisted of 60 (20 lavender oil, 20 peppermint oil, 20 control group) patients who met the sampling criteria and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. In the evaluation of the data the 'Numerical Evaluation Scale' (NES), the 'Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS), and the 'Ostomy Adjustment Scale' (OAS-23) were used. ResultsThe lavender oil and peppermint oil groups had lower mean odor intensity, mean scores, higher life satisfaction, and stoma compliance scores than the control group. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p<0.05). In comparisons made within the groups, statistically, significant differences were found in the mean scores of odor intensity level, life satisfaction, and stoma compliance after the process (p<0.05). ConclusionIt was determined that lavender/peppermint oil placed in the stoma bag in patients with colostomy decreased the level of odor intensity, and increased life satisfaction, and stoma compliance. The trial was registered in the Clinical Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05716711

Immersion In Metaverse Event Experience: A Grounded Theory

Introduction and Aim: Although there are studies on immersion in the literature, the number of studies dealing with the phenomenon of immersion in the metaverse world, which is characterized as a new virtual medium, and in metaverse activity experiences in particular, is almost negligible. In this context, a gap in the literature can be mentioned, especially in the context of focusing on the phenomenon of immersion in metaverse activities/games. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal the theoretical factors that reveal the immersion phenomenon perceived by people who experience the NBA 2K23 metaverse event. The results of the study may have theoretical and practical implications. Method: Using embedded theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 21 (12 male, 9 female) adults who experienced the NBA 2K23 metaverse event. Purposive sampling, which is widely used in qualitative research, was used, and the determination of the sample size was based on data saturation, which was underlined by Creswell (1998). The analysis process was carried out within the framework of the embedded theory method approach (Charmaz, 1983; Strauss and Corbin, 1990); applied with continuous comparative analysis while encoding each transcript; Codes and themes were created by comparing each coded case with similar coded cases, reducing data and making theoretical exemplifications. For validity and trustworthiness, Creswell (1998)'s criteria suggested to increase the quality of the research were used. Findings: Users' perceptions of immersion in the metaverse event experience can be addressed in six dimensions: Flow, Instant Pleasure, Illusional Vision, Visual Pleasure, and Personality. Flow; The individual's immersion in the game expresses the dimension in which he does not understand how time passes. In the dimension, the person falls into a state of fear, thinking that he will miss the current updates, developments and innovations. Instant gratification; While the individual is evaluated as the feeling and pleasure he experiences while playing the game, the "Illusional Vision" can be defined as the confrontation between the game and the reality. In the dimension of “Visual Pleasure”, it is the satisfaction of individuals due to a visual event in the game, the show in the game and good actions. Finally, in the dimension of "Personal Traits", the individual was evaluated as the actor he created and his or her own characteristics. Conclusion: The findings of this research provide theoretical as well as practical practical implications for the factors that determine immersion in the metaverse world. In addition to the factors such as flow and escape, which exist in the literature related to diving; visual pleasure, illusionary vision and personality traitshave also been found to exist. Managers or game/application designers who are interested in the Metaverse should be aware of these underlined factors related to immersion and benefit from strategies and approaches that will attract users/consumers and keep them in the environment, which can draw useful frameworks for success.

Evaluation of dietary satisfaction in individuals following a special diet

Evaluation of dietary satisfaction in individuals following a special diet

There Is More to Life Than Walking: A Qualitative Study of Survivorship Among Peer Mentors in the Spinal Cord Injury Community.

Objective: To identify factors impacting survivorship among people living with spinal cord injury (SCI) and volunteering in a peer mentorship program. Research Method/Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted by a leader of a non-profit organization designed to promote independent living after SCI. Questions explored intrinsic factors such as resilience and emotional coping as well extrinsic factors such as family support and accessibility challenges that impacted their SCI survivorship journey. Two independent anonymous reviewers conducted thematic analysis to identify these factors. Results: Twenty-eight members of the SCI peer mentorship program participated. Four themes affecting survivorship were identified: Sense of Achievement, Post-Injury Growth, Post-Injury Challenges, and Giving and Receiving Support. Nearly all participants focused their responses on Post-Injury Growth and Giving and Receiving Support as reasons for their interest in serving as peer mentors. Conclusions: This study highlights a need for peer community integration following SCI and underscores the importance of using a community-driven participatory model to inform and guide research. Peer mentorship programs can link SCI survivors to mentors and facilitate other sources of social fulfillment and thus can have a profound impact on individuals' survivorship post-SCI. This study identified a Sense of Achievement, Post-Injury Growth, Giving and Receiving Support, and Post-Injury Challenges as factors that most impact the SCI survivorship journey. This community leader's work underscores the importance of cognitive framing and social networks in post-injury rehabilitation in this population. Future directions include analyzing the longitudinal effects of peer mentorship participation on life satisfaction and community building in individuals living with SCI.

The Mediating Role of Positive Affect in the Relationship between a Sense of Meaning and Life Satisfaction in Individuals with Severe Visual Impairment

The Mediating Role of Positive Affect in the Relationship between a Sense of Meaning and Life Satisfaction in Individuals with Severe Visual Impairment

What is behind water user satisfaction with irrigation organizations´ performance? An empirical analysis under different water scarcity conditions

The level of satisfaction of individuals within a community sharing a common pool resource is essential to strengthening collective actions. In the case of irrigation water, which is becoming a critical resource due to its declining availability in many regions worldwide, the satisfaction level in Water User Associations (WUAs) is not guaranteed and also varies across individuals within these organizations. This study analyzed the satisfaction of users in WUAs and identified organization- and user-level characteristics associated with it. Using a sample of 393 users of 20 WUAs from the Mediterranean portion of Chile, we performed confirmatory factor analysis, correlational analyses, and multilevel regressions. A composite indicator of user satisfaction showed significant correlations with the positive evaluation of the WUA staff performance, the effectiveness of monitoring and enforcement, and the confidence that other users do not withdraw more water than they are allocated. We also compared users’ satisfaction levels from WUAs facing higher and lower water scarcity problems and found that user satisfaction is significantly higher in the latter case. The results of the multilevel econometric models show that in WUAs under higher water scarcity, user satisfaction is affected by several structural characteristics (water withdrawal mechanism and location along the canal) and users' human and social capital variables (experience, education, and participation in organizations); in contrast, in WUAs with a low level of scarcity, few covariates were significant while unobserved characteristics became more relevant (34 % of total variance explanation). Our study contributes to the existing literature on user satisfaction in community resource management, which could be useful to promote effective and cohesive governance structures as, ultimately, users determine cooperation rates and willingness to participate in WUA actions.

Patient satisfaction with endoscopic ear surgery technique: a comparative study with the postauricular incision microscopic technique

BackgroundEndoscopic ear surgery has numerous benefits, such as the capacity to obtain high-resolution pictures and visualize normally inaccessible locations such as the retrotympanum, sinus tympani, and facial recess. These areas are generally difficult to access with traditional microscopic techniques. Endoscopic ear surgery reduces operating time when performed by skilled surgeons, without the need for a postauricular incision wound.An essential aspect to consider when evaluating the effects of any procedure on individual satisfaction is the assessment of health-associated quality of life. It is a tool used for subjective assessment, which is regarded as a reliable measure of the satisfaction perceived—whether physically or mentally—resulting from a certain procedure.The goal of this study was to identify the benefits of middle ear surgery when done endoscopically compared to postauricular microscopic techniques in middle ear surgery. This was achieved by evaluating and comparing the level of satisfaction among patients who underwent either microscopic or endoscopic ear surgery.MethodsThe Chronic Ear Surgery Survey (CESS), a 13-point Likert scale survey designed specifically for assessing outcomes of surgery for chronic middle ear disease, was implemented to measure patient satisfaction. The survey comprises three subscales. We performed a retrospective study at the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Cairo University, Egypt. The study encompassed individuals who underwent surgery on the middle ear between March 2018 and September 2021.The patients were scheduled into two categories according to the technique of surgery (whether endoscopic or microscopic) in order to assess postoperative satisfaction using the Chronic Ear Surgery Survey (CESS).ResultsOur research findings demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the two categories in terms of the overall scores and all subscale scores of the Chronic Ear Surgery Survey (CESS), with patients who had middle ear surgery endoscopically (EES) showing better outcomes.ConclusionsIdentifying the elements that are strongly associated with subjective outcomes can assist surgeons in identifying patients who are more likely to have poorer satisfaction. This knowledge can be valuable in preoperative counseling. Endoscopic ear surgery (EES) seems to have a higher level of cosmetic acceptability, especially in terms of enhancing the socially related aspects of a patient's pleasure. This work thus supports the ongoing integration of endoscope utilization in otological surgical procedures.

The effect of self-management program performed via telerehabilitation on occupational performance and satisfaction of individuals with systemic sclerosis

The effect of self-management program performed via telerehabilitation on occupational performance and satisfaction of individuals with systemic sclerosis

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Physical Capability, Social Support, Loneliness, Depression, Anxiety, and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults.

Physical capability, social support, loneliness, depression, and anxiety predict life satisfaction in older adults. Currently, no systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted to investigate the strength of these associations globally. Therefore, this study quantified the strength of these associations. A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. We included observational studies assessing the association between physical capability, social support, loneliness, depression, and anxiety with life satisfaction in adults aged 65+. In total, 10,552 articles were identified, of which 78 studies in 164,478 participants were included in the systematic review and 57 were included in the meta-analysis. Greater life satisfaction was significantly associated with greater physical capabilities (odds ratio [OR] = 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01-3.45; p < .001, k = 35, n = 33,732), higher social support (OR = 3.27; 95% CI: 2.59-4.13, k = 20 studies, n = 13,228), reduced loneliness (OR = 3.30; 95% CI: 2.53-4.30, k = 11, n = 33,638), depression (OR = 4.76; 95% CI: 3.10-7.32, k = 24, n = 64,097), and anxiety (OR = 5.10; 95% CI: 2.21-11.78, k = 5, n = 43,368). The strength of associations did not vary between Western and Eastern countries, year of publication, or quality. Gender was a moderator: Loneliness was more strongly associated with life satisfaction in females. Age was also a moderator; the association between social support and life satisfaction weakened with increasing age. Improving the physical capabilities of older individuals, fostering social support, and alleviating feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety may help build life satisfaction in older individuals, which policy-makers and healthcare professionals should prioritize when implementing strategies.

Fuzzy Logic-Based Quantitative Development Model for Job Satisfaction in College Graduates

College graduates’ job satisfaction is validated via their feedback, experiences and personal developments during their career progression. Validation is accomplished to ensure the students’ job satisfaction and retain them for a prolonged time. The traditional validation models have difficulties in analyzing the individual satisfaction level. The research issue is addressed by introducing the Quantitative Assessment Method (QAM) using Fuzzy Logic to validate the job satisfaction level of different newly placed students. The QAM approach assesses the student experience and personal development across various quarters. The fuzzy optimization uses two factors differentially using partial derivatives. The partial derivatives are extracted using the min–max functions of the fuzzification process such that the derivatives are halted after the maximum factors. The proposed method optimizes the validation using individual satisfaction levels and cumulative experience shared by the students. The available derivatives identify the best-afford job satisfaction level for different progression levels. This best-fit feature is handled using multiple min and max derivatives to extract optimal outputs. This proposed method is valid for improving satisfaction levels and experience analysis.